Party divisions of United States Congresses

The following table lists the party divisions for each United States Congress.

Numbers in boldface denote the majority party at that particular time, while italicized numbers signify a Congress in which the majority party changed mid-Congress.

Party	Senate	House
Democratic	50	57
Republican	41	35
Democratic- Republican	12	13
Federalist	3	2
Pro- Administration	3	2
Whig	2	2
National Republican	1	1
Anti- Administration	0	1
Opposition	0	1
Split Control	2[1]	0

Congress	Years		Senate						House of Representatives						President
			Total	Anti- Admin[2]	Pro- Admin[3]	Others	Vacan cies		Total	Anti- Admin	Pro- Admin	Others	Vacan cies
1st	1789–1791		26	8	18	—	—		65	28	37	—	—		George Washington
2nd	1791–1793		30	13	16	—	1		69	30	39	—	—
3rd	1793–1795		30	14	16	—	—		105	54	51	—	—
Congress	Years		Total	Democratic- Republicans	Federalists	Others	Vacan cies		Total	Democratic- Republicans	Federalists	Others	Vacan cies		President
4th	1795–1797		32	11	21	—	—		106	59	47	—	—		George Washington[4]
5th	1797–1799		32	10	22	—	—		106	49	57	—	—		John Adams
6th	1799–1801		32	10	22	—	—		106	46	60	—	—
7th	1801–1803		34	17	15	—	2		107	68	38	—	1		Thomas Jefferson
8th	1803–1805		34	25	9	—	—		142	103	39	—	—
9th	1805–1807		34	27	7	—	—		142	114	28	—	—
10th	1807–1809		34	28	6	—	—		142	116	26	—	—
11th	1809–1811		34	27	7	—	—		142	92	50	—	—		James Madison
12th	1811–1813		36	30	6	—	—		143	107	36	—	—
13th	1813–1815		36	28	8	—	—		182	114	68	—	—
14th	1815–1817		38	26	12	—	—		183	119	64	—	—
15th	1817–1819		42	30	12	—	—		185	146	39	—	—		James Monroe
16th	1819–1821		46	37	9	—	—		186	160	26	—	—
17th	1821–1823		48	44	4	—	—		187	155	32	—	—
18th	1823–1825		48	43	5	—	—		213	189	24	—	—
Congress	Years		Total	Democrats[5]	National Republicans[6]	Others	Vacan cies		Total	Democrats	National Republicans	Others	Vacan cies		President
19th	1825–1827		48	26	22	—	—		213	104	109	—	—		John Quincy Adams
20th	1827–1829		48	27	21	—	—		213	113	100	—	—
21st	1829–1831		48	25	23	—	—		213	136	72	5	—		Andrew Jackson
22nd	1831–1833		48	24	22	2	—		213	126	66	21	—
23rd	1833–1835		48	20	26	2	—		240	143	63	34	—
24th	1835–1837		52	26	24	2	—		242	143	75	24	—
Congress	Years		Total	Democrats	Whigs	Others	Vacan cies		Total	Democrats	Whigs	Others	Vacan cies		President
25th	1837–1839		52	35	17	—	—		242	128	100	14	—		Martin Van Buren
26th	1839–1841		52	30	22	—	—		242	125	109	8	—
27th	1841–1843		52	22	29	—	1		242	98	142	2	—		William H. Harrison[7]
28th	1843–1845		52	23	29	—	—		223	147	72	4	—		John Tyler[8]
29th	1845–1847		58	34	22	—	2		228	142	79	7	—		James K. Polk
30th	1847–1849		60	38	21	1	—		220	110	116	4	—
31st	1849–1851		62	35	25	2	—		233	113	108	11	1		Zachary Taylor[9]
32nd	1851–1853		62	36	23	3	—		233	127	85	21	—		Millard Fillmore
33rd	1853–1855		62	38	22	2	—		234	157	71	6	—		Franklin Pierce
Congress	Years		Total	Democrats	Opposition[10]	Others	Vacan cies		Total	Democrats	Opposition	Others	Vacan cies		President
34th	1855–1857		62	39	21	2	—		234	83	100	51	—		Franklin Pierce
Congress	Years		Total	Democrats	Republicans	Others	Vacan cies		Total	Democrats	Republicans	Others	Vacan cies		President
35th	1857–1859		64	39	20	5	—		237	131	94	13	—		James Buchanan
36th	1859–1861		66	38	26	2	—		237	101	113	23	—
37th	1861–1863		50	11	31	7	1		178	42	106	28	2		Abraham Lincoln[11]
38th	1863–1865		51	12	29	—	—		183	80	103	—	—
39th	1865–1867		52	10	42	—	—		191	46	145	—	—		Andrew Johnson[12]
40th	1867–1869		53	11	42	—	—		193	49	143	—	1
41st	1869–1871		74	11	61	—	2		243	73	170	—	—		Ulysses S. Grant
42nd	1871–1873		74	17	57	—	—		243	104	136	3	—
43rd	1873–1875		74	19	54	—	1		293	88	203	—	2
44th	1875–1877		76	29	46	—	1		293	181	107	3	2
45th	1877–1879		76	36	39	1	—		293	156	137	—	—		Rutherford B. Hayes
46th	1879–1881		76	43	33	—	—		293	150	128	14	1
47th	1881–1883		76[13]	37	37	2	—		293	130	152	11	—		James Garfield[14]
48th	1883–1885		76	36	40	—	—		325	200	119	6	—		Chester A. Arthur
49th	1885–1887		76	34	41	—	1		325	182	140	2	1		Grover Cleveland
50th	1887–1889		76	37	39	—	—		325	170	151	4	—
51st	1889–1891		84	37	47	—	—		330	156	173	1	—		Benjamin Harrison
52nd	1891–1893		88	39	47	2	—		333	231	88	14	—
53rd	1893–1895		88	44	38	3	3		356	220	126	10	—		Grover Cleveland
54th	1895–1897		88	39	44	5	—		357	104	246	7	—
55th	1897–1899		90	34	46	10	—		357	134	206	16	1		William McKinley[15]
56th	1899–1901		90	26	53	11	—		357	163	185	9	—
57th	1901–1903		90	29	56	3	2		357	153	198	5	1		Theodore Roosevelt
58th	1903–1905	90	32	58	—	—	386	178	207	—	1
59th	1905–1907	90	32	58	—	—	386	136	250	—	—
60th	1907–1909	92	29	61	—	2	386	164	222	—	—
61st	1909–1911	92	32	59	—	1	391	172	219	—	—	William H. Taft
62nd	1911–1913	92	42	49	—	1	391	228	162	1	—
63rd	1913–1915	96	51	44	1	—	435	290	127	18	—	Woodrow Wilson
64th	1915–1917	96	56	39	1	—	435	231	193	8	3
65th	1917–1919	96	53	42	1	—	435	210	216	9[16]	—
66th	1919–1921	96	47	48	1	—	435	191	237	7	—
67th	1921–1923	96	37	59	—	—	435	132	300	1	2	Warren G. Harding[17]
68th	1923–1925	96	43	51	2	—	435	207	225	3	—	Calvin Coolidge
69th	1925–1927	96	40	54	1	1	435	183	247	5	—
70th	1927–1929	96	47	48	1	—	435	195	237	3	—
71st	1929–1931	96	39	56	1	—	435	163	267	1	4	Herbert Hoover
72nd	1931–1933	96	47	48	1	—	435	217	217	1	—
73rd	1933–1935	96	59	36	1	—	435	313	117	5	—	Franklin D. Roosevelt[18]
74th	1935–1937	96	69	25	2	—	435	322	103	10	—
75th	1937–1939	96	75	17	4	—	435	333	89	13	—
76th	1939–1941	96	69	23	4	—	435	262	169	4	—
77th	1941–1943	96	66	28	2	—	435	267	162	6	—
78th	1943–1945	96	57	38	1	—	435	222	209	4	—
79th	1945–1947	96	57	38	1	—	435	243	190	2	—	Harry S. Truman
80th	1947–1949	96	45	51	—	—	435	188	246	1	—
81st	1949–1951	96	54	42	—	—	435	263	171	1	—
82nd	1951–1953	96	48	47	1	—	435	234	199	2	—
83rd	1953–1955	96	46	48	2	—	435	213	221	1	—	Dwight D. Eisenhower
84th	1955–1957	96	48	47	1	—	435	232	203	—	—
85th	1957–1959	96	49	47	—	—	435	234	201	—	—
86th	1959–1961	98	64	34	—	—	437	283	153	1	—
87th	1961–1963	100	64	36	—	—	437	262	175	—	—	John F. Kennedy[19]
88th	1963–1965	100	67	33	—	—	435	258	176	—	1	Lyndon B. Johnson
89th	1965–1967	100	68	32	—	—	435	295	140	—	—
90th	1967–1969	100	64	36	—	—	435	248	187	—	—
91st	1969–1971	100	58	42	—	—	435	243	192	—	—	Richard Nixon[20]
92nd	1971–1973	100	54	44	2	—	435	255	180	—	—
93rd	1973–1975	100	56	42	2	—	435	242	192	1	—	Gerald Ford
94th	1975–1977	100	61	37	2	—	435	291	144	—	—
95th	1977–1979	100	61	38	1	—	435	292	143	—	—	Jimmy Carter
96th	1979–1981	100	58	41	1	—	435	277	158	—	—
97th	1981–1983	100	46	53	1	—	435	242	192	1	—	Ronald Reagan
98th	1983–1985	100	46	54	—	—	435	269	166	—	—
99th	1985–1987	100	47	53	—	—	435	253	182	—	—
100th	1987–1989	100	55	45	—	—	435	258	177	—	—
101st	1989–1991	100	55	45	—	—	435	260	175	—	—	George H. W. Bush
102nd	1991–1993	100	56	44	—	—	435	267	167	1	—
103rd	1993–1995	100	57	43	—	—	435	258	176	1	—	Bill Clinton
104th	1995–1997	100	48	52	—	—	435	204	230	1	—
105th	1997–1999	100	45	55	—	—	435	207	226	2	—
106th	1999–2001	100	45	55	—	—	435	211	223	1	—
107th	2001–2003	100	50/50[21]	50/49[22]	0/1[23]—	—	435	212	221	2	—	George W. Bush
108th	2003–2005	100	48	51	1[23]	—	435	205	229	1	—
109th	2005–2007	100	44	55	1[23]	—	435	202	231	1	1
110th	2007–2009	100	49	49	2[24]	—	435	236	199	—	—
111th	2009–2011	100	56–58[25]	40–42[26]	2[24]	0-1	435	257	178	—	—	Barack Obama
112th	2011–2013	100	51	47	2[27]	—	435	193	242	—	—
113th	2013–2015	100	53	45	2[28]	—	435	201	234	—	—
114th	2015–2017	100	44	54	2[29]	—	435	188	247	—	—
Congress	Years	Total	Democrats	Republicans	Others	Vacan cies	Total	Democrats	Republicans	Others	Vacan cies	President
		Senate					House of Representatives

Graphical representation of party divisions in U.S. Congress, 1933-2009

See also

• United States Presidents and control of Congress
• Political power in the United States over time
• Political party strength in U.S. states

References

1. The Democrats and Republicans shared control of the Senate in the 47th United States Congress. In the middle of the 107th United States Congress, control of the Senate switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party.
2. The Anti-Administration Party was not a formal political party but rather a faction opposed to the policies of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton. The faction eventually coalesced into the Democratic-Republican Party.
3. The Pro-Administration Party was not a formal political party but rather a faction supportive of the policies of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton. The faction eventually coalesced into the Federalist Party.
4. Washington disapproved of formal political parties and refused to join either party, though he became a symbol of the Federalist Party.
5. The Democratic-Republican Party broke up into two competing parties during the 1820s, but there was no official date of dissolution for the Democratic-Republicans, nor any official founding date of the Democratic Party. In its early years, the Democrats were a faction of Democratic-Republicans who supported Andrew Jackson. The House and Senate websites label this group the "Jackson" faction.
6. The National Republicans were formed out of the Democratic-Republicans that opposed Andrew Jackson and supported John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay, but the National Republicans were not a durable political party. This column represents the faction opposed to the policies of the Democratic Party after the contested election of 1824 but prior to the founding of the Whig Party. The House and Senate websites label this group as the "Adams" or "Anti-Jacksonian" factions.
7. President Harrison died April 4, 1841, one month into his term, and was succeeded by John Tyler, who served for the remainder of the term.
8. Tyler was elected on the Whig ticket as Harrison's vice president, but Tyler became an independent after the Whigs expelled him from the party in 1841.
9. President Taylor died July 9, 1850, about one year and four months into the term, and was succeeded by Millard Fillmore, who served for the remainder of the term.
10. The "Opposition Party" is a term used to describe the Congressional coalition formed by former Whigs and members of the nascent Republican Party. The Opposition Party opposed the Democratic Party in the aftermath of the collapse of the Whig Party.
11. President Lincoln was assassinated and died April 15, 1865, about a month after beginning his second term as president. He was succeeded by Democrat Andrew Johnson, who served the remainder of the term.
12. Johnson was elected as vice president on the National Union ticket, but was a Democrat prior to the 1864 election.
13. Neither party controlled the Senate in the 47th Congress in what's known as the "Great Senate Deadlock of 1881." "The Great Senate Deadlock of 1881". Senate.gov. US Senate. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
14. Garfield died September 23, 1881, roughly six months into his term, and was succeeded by Chester Arthur, who served for the remainder of the term.
15. McKinley died September 14, 1901, about six months into his second term, and was succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt served for the remainder of the term and was elected president in 1904.
16. The Democratic Party controlled the House in coalition with the Progressive Party and the Socialist Party. The lone Congressional member of the Prohibition Party was not a part of this coalition.
17. President Harding died August 2, 1923, about two years and five months after becoming president, and was succeeded by vice-president Calvin Coolidge. Coolidge served for the remainder of the term and was subsequently elected president in 1924.
18. Roosevelt died April 12, 1945, about three months into his fourth term as president, and was succeeded by Harry S. Truman. Truman served the remainder of the term and was elected president in 1948.
19. Kennedy died November 22, 1963, about two years and ten months into the term, and was succeeded by Lyndon B. Johnson. Johnson served the remainder of the term and was elected president in 1964.
20. Nixon resigned August 9, 1974, about a year and seven months into his second term as president, and was succeeded by Gerald R. Ford, who served for the remainder of the term.
21. The Democratic Party controlled the 107th Congress from January 3 to January 20, 2001 (50/50 tie with Vice President Gore as the deciding vote) and from May 24, 2001 to January 3, 2003 (after Senator Jim Jeffords left the Republican Party to become an Independent and caucus with the Democrats).
22. The Republican Party controlled the 107th Congress from January 20, 2001 (50/50 tie with Vice President Cheney as the deciding vote) until May 24, 2001, when Senator Jim Jeffords left the Republican Party to become an Independent and caucus with the Democrats.
23. In the 107th Congress (after May 24, 2001), and in the 108th Congress and 109th Congress, Independent Jim Jeffords of Vermont, chose to caucus with the Democratic Party.
24. In the 110th Congress and 111th Congress, the two independent members of the Senate, chose to caucus with the Democratic Party, and thus are considered to be a part of the majority.
25. From January 27 to April 28, 2009, when Senator Arlen Specter (R-Pennsylvania) joined the Democratic caucus, there were 56 Democratic Senators, 41 Republicans, two independents and one undecided seat in Minnesota. That vacancy was filled as an additional Democratic seat on July 7, 2009, with the swearing-in of Al Franken, bringing the totals to 58 Democrats, 40 Republicans and 2 independents. Seven weeks later, on August 25, Sen. Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.) died, lowering the Democratic total to 57 for a month until Paul G. Kirk Jr. (D) was appointed and sworn in as Sen. Kennedy's interim replacement on September 25, 2009. Just over four months later, on February 4, 2010, Scott Brown (R) who had won a special election for the seat, succeeded Paul Kirk, returning the Republican caucus to 41, and again reducing the Democratic caucus to 57 plus two independents. [The Democratic caucus dropped again briefly to 56 in the 18 days between the death of Sen. Robert Byrd (D-West Virginia) on June 28, 2010 and the seating of his interim successor, Carte Goodwin (also D) on July 16.] The appointed Democratic Senator from Illinois, Roland Burris was succeeded on November 29, 2010 by Mark Kirk, a Republican elected earlier that month, once again dropping the Democratic caucus to 56 with 2 independents facing 42 Republicans for the last month of the 111th Congress. December 2011 Congressional Directory, page 324
26. From January 3 to April 28, 2009, prior to Senator Arlen Specter's switch to the Democratic Party, there were 41 Republican Senators. The Republican caucus returned to 41 on February 4, 2010, with the swearing in of Scott Brown (R-Mass.) to fill the Democratic seat of Edward Kennedy and Paul Kirk. After Mark Kirk (R-Ill.) replaced Roland Burris as Senator from Illinois on November 29, 2010, the Senate in the last month of the 111th Congress stood at 42 Republicans, 56 Democrats and 2 independents.
27. In the 112th Congress, the two independent members of the Senate, Joseph Lieberman, Independent Democrat of Connecticut, and Bernie Sanders, Independent of Vermont, chose to caucus with the Democratic Party, and thus are considered to be a part of the majority.
28. In the 113th Congress, the two independent members of the Senate, Bernie Sanders of Vermont, and Angus King of Maine, chose to caucus with the Democratic Party, and thus are considered to be a part of the majority.
29. In the 114th Congress, the two independent members of the Senate, Bernie Sanders of Vermont, and Angus King of Maine, chose to caucus with the Democratic Party, and thus are considered to be a part of the minority.

External links

• U.S. Senate: Party Divisions
• Office of the House Clerk: Party Divisions of the House of Representatives