108th United States Congress
| 108th United States Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The One Hundred Eighth United States Congress was the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 2003 to January 3, 2005, during the third and fourth years of George W. Bush's presidency.
House members were elected in the 2002 general election on November 5, 2002. Senators were elected in three classes in the 1998 general election on November 3, 1998, 2000 general election on November 7, 2000, or 2002 general election on November 5, 2002. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-second Census of the United States in 2000. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Major events
- February 1, 2003: Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry
- March 20, 2003: 2003 invasion of Iraq began
- April 14, 2003: Human Genome Project was completed
- July 14, 2003: CIA leak scandal began
- May 17, 2004: Same-sex marriage began in Massachusetts
- July 22, 2004: 9/11 Commission issued an initial report of its findings
- November 2, 2004:
- United States presidential election, 2004: George W. Bush defeated Senator John Kerry.
- United States Senate elections, 2004 & United States House of Representatives elections, 2004: Republicans increased their majorities in both houses.
Major legislation
Enacted
Main article: List of United States federal legislation
- March 11, 2003: Do-Not-Call Implementation Act of 2003, Pub.L. 108–10
- April 30, 2003: PROTECT (Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today) Act, including Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act, Pub.L. 108–21
- May 28, 2003: Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, Pub.L. 108–27
- September 4, 2003: Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003, Pub.L. 108–79
- October 28, 2003: Check 21 Act, Pub.L. 108–100
- November 5, 2003: Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, Pub.L. 108–105
- November 25, 2003: Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, Pub.L. 108–173
- December 4, 2003: Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, Pub.L. 108–159
- December 12, 2003:Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act, Pub.L. 108–175
- December 16, 2003: CAN-SPAM Act, Pub.L. 108–187
- March 25, 2004: Unborn Victims of Violence Act (Laci and Conner's Law), Pub.L. 108–212
- June 30, 2004: Bunning-Bereuter-Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act, Pub.L. 108–264
- July 7, 2004: GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004, Pub.L. 108–271
- July 21, 2004: Project BioShield Act of 2004, Pub.L. 108–276
- October 16, 2004: Global Anti-Semitism Review Act, Pub.L. 108–332
- October 18, 2004: North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004, Pub.L. 108–333
- October 20, 2004: Belarus Democracy Act of 2004, Pub.L. 108–347
- December 17, 2004: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, Pub.L. 108–458
Proposed, but not enacted
Party summary
Senate
Party standings in the 108th Congress
U.S. Senate in the Senate Chamber (2003)
The party summary for the Senate remained the same during the entire 108th Congress.
| Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) |
Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Democratic | Independent | Independence (MN) | Vacant | ||
| End of previous Congress | 50 | 48 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 |
| Begin | 51 | 48 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 51% | 49% | ||||
| Beginning of the next Congress | 55 | 44 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
House of Representatives
Due to resignations and special elections, Republicans lost a net of two seats to the Democrats. All seats were filled though special elections. (See Changes in membership, below.)
| Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) |
Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Independent | Democratic | Vacant | ||
| End of previous Congress | 222 | 1 | 209 | 433 | 2 |
| Begin | 229 | 1 | 205 | 435 | 0 |
| May 31, 2003 | 228 | 434 | 1 | ||
| June 5, 2003 | 229 | 435 | 0 | ||
| December 9, 2003 | 228 | 434 | 1 | ||
| January 20, 2004 | 227 | 433 | 2 | ||
| February 17, 2004 | 206 | 434 | 1 | ||
| June 1, 2004 | 207 | 435 | 0 | ||
| June 9, 2004 | 206 | 434 | 1 | ||
| July 20, 2004 | 207 | 435 | 0 | ||
| August 31, 2004 | 226 | 434 | 1 | ||
| September 23, 2004 | 225 | 433 | 2 | ||
| Final voting share | 52.0% | 48.0% | |||
| Non-voting members | 1 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| Beginning of next Congress | 232 | 1 | 201 | 434 | 1 |
Leadership
Senators' party membership by state
Representatives party membership by state at the opening of the 108th Congress. The gold coloring of Vermont indicates Rep. Bernie Sanders, an Independent.
Senate
- President of the Senate: Dick Cheney (R)
- President pro tempore: Ted Stevens (R)
- President pro tempore emeritus: Robert Byrd (D)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Dennis Hastert (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Members
Senate
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by the district number.
Changes in membership
Members who came and left during this Congress.
Senate
No changes occurred.
House of Representatives
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hawaii 2nd | Vacant | Patsy Mink had been elected to this seat posthumously. Ed Case had already won Mink's seat in the 107th Congress. | Ed Case (D) | January 4, 2003 |
| Texas 19th | Larry Combest (R) | Resigned May 31, 2003 for personal reasons. A special election was held June 3, 2003. | Randy Neugebauer (R) | June 5, 2003 |
| Texas 4th | Ralph Hall (D) | Changed political parties | Ralph Hall (R) | January 5, 2004 |
| Kentucky 6th | Ernie Fletcher (R) | Resigned December 9, 2003 to become Governor of Kentucky. A special election was held February 17, 2004 | Ben Chandler (D) | February 17, 2004 |
| South Dakota At-large | Bill Janklow (R) | Resigned January 20, 2004 because of a December 2003 felony conviction in relation to a traffic accident. A special election was held June 1, 2004. | Stephanie Herseth (D) | June 1, 2004 |
| North Carolina 1st | Frank Ballance (D) | Resigned June 9, 2004 as a result of health problems. A special election was held July 20, 2004 | G. K. Butterfield (D) | July 20, 2004 |
| Louisiana 5th | Rodney Alexander (D) | Switched parties August 9, 2004 | Rodney Alexander (R) | August 9, 2004 |
| Nebraska 1st | Doug Bereuter (R) | Resigned August 31, 2004 to head the Asia Foundation. | Remained vacant until the next Congress. | |
| Florida 14th | Porter Goss (R) | Resigned September 23, 2004 to head the CIA. | Remained vacant until the next Congress. | |
| California 5th | Robert Matsui (D) | Died January 1, 2005 | Remained vacant until the next Congress. | |
Employees
- Architect of the Capitol: Alan M. Hantman
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: John F. Eisold
Senate
- Chaplain: Lloyd John Ogilvie
- Historian: Richard A. Baker
- Parliamentarian: Alan S. Frumin
- Secretary: Emily J. Reynolds
- Secretary for the Majority: David J. Schiappa
- Secretary for the Minority: Martin P. Paone
- Sergeant at Arms: William H. Pickle
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Daniel P. Coughlin
- Chief Administrative Officer: James M. Eagen III
- Clerk: Jeff Trandahl
- Inspector General: Steven McNamara
- Parliamentarian:
- Charles W. Johnson III, until May 31, 2004
- John V. Sullivan, from May 31, 2004
- Reading Clerks: Mary Kevin Niland (Democratic]; Paul Hays (Republican)
- Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood
- See also: Rules of the House: "Other officers and officials"
References
- ↑ The Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) is affiliated with the United States Democratic Party.
See also
Elections
- United States congressional elections, 2002 (elections held in advance of this Congress)
- United States congressional elections, 2004 (elections to be held during this Congress)
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- "Thomas" Project
- History, Art and Archives from the United States House of Representatives
- Statistics & Lists from the United States Senate
- United States 108th Congress Web Archive from the U.S. Library of Congress
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