List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: A
Parent article: List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people;
Siblings:
A · Ba–Bh · Bi–Bz · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O P · Q · R · Sa–Sc · Sd–Si · Sj–Sz · T · U · V · W · X · Y · Z |
- This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
This is a partial list of confirmed famous people who were or are gay, lesbian or bisexual. Famous people who are simply rumored to be gay, lesbian or bisexual, are not listed. The historical concept and definition of sexual orientation varies and has changed greatly over time; for example the word "gay" wasn't used to describe sexual orientation until the mid-20th century. A number of different classification schemes have been used to describe sexual orientation since the mid-19th century, and scholars have often defined the term "sexual orientation" in divergent ways. Indeed, several studies have found that much of the research about sexual orientation has failed to define the term at all, making it difficult to reconcile the results of different studies.[1][2][3] However, most definitions include a psychological component (such as the direction of an individual's erotic desire) and/or a behavioural component (which focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s). Some prefer to simply follow an individual's self-definition or identity. See homosexuality and bisexuality for criteria that have traditionally denoted lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people.
The high prevalence of people from the West on this list may be due to societal attitudes toward homosexuality. The Pew Research Center's 2003 Global Attitudes Survey found that "[p]eople in Africa and the Middle East strongly object to societal acceptance of homosexuality. But there is far greater tolerance for homosexuality in major Latin American countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. Opinion in Europe is split between West and East. Majorities in every Western European nation surveyed say homosexuality should be accepted by society, while most Russians, Poles and Ukrainians disagree. Americans are divided–a narrow majority (51 percent) believes homosexuality should be accepted, while 42 percent disagree."[4]
A
Name | Lifetime[5] | Nationality | Notable as | Notes[6] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aalfs, JanetJanet Aalfs | b. 1956 | American | Martial artist, poet | L[7] |
Aarons, Leroy F.Leroy F. Aarons | 1933–2004 | American | Journalist | G[8] |
Abbéma, LouiseLouise Abbéma | 1853–1927 | French | Painter, designer | L[9] |
Abbott, BereniceBerenice Abbott | 1898–1991 | American | Photographer | L[10] |
Aboud, PaulaPaula Aboud | b. 1950 | American | Politician, activist | L[11] |
Abunda, BoyBoy Abunda | b. 1955 | Filipino | Journalist | G[12] |
Achmat, ZackieZackie Achmat | b. 1962 | South African | LGBT and AIDS activist | G[13] |
Achtenberg, RobertaRoberta Achtenberg | b. 1950 | American | Politician | L[14] |
Acito, MarcMarc Acito | b. 1966 | American | Author | G[15] |
Acker, JeanJean Acker | 1893–1978 | American | Actress, wife of actor Rudolph Valentino | L[16] |
Acker, KathyKathy Acker | 1949–1997 | American | Writer, feminist | B[17] |
Ackerley, J. R.J. R. Ackerley | 1896–1967 | British | Writer, arts editor of The Listener | G[18] |
Ackroyd, PeterPeter Ackroyd | b. 1949 | British | Author | G[19] |
Acton, HaroldHarold Acton | 1904–1994 | British | Art writer, aesthete | G[20] |
Adam, MargieMargie Adam | b. 1947 | American | Women's Music performer | L[21] |
Adamik, KatarzynaKatarzyna Adamik | b. 1972 | Polish | Film director | L[22] |
Adamo, MarkMark Adamo | b. 1962 | American | Classical music composer | G[23] |
Adams, J. C.J. C. Adams | b. 1970 | American | Gay porn journalist | B[24] |
Adams, John BodkinJohn Bodkin Adams | 1899–1983 | British | Doctor, suspected serial killer | G[25] |
Adams, NicolaNicola Adams | b. 1982 | British | Olympic boxer | B[26] |
Adams, SamSam Adams | b. 1963 | American | First openly gay Portland, Oregon City Council member, first openly gay mayor of a major US city (Portland) | G[27] |
Adams, TraceyTracey Adams | b. 1959 | American | Porn performer | L[28] |
Addams, JaneJane Addams | 1860–1935 | American | Social reformer, Nobel prize winner | L[29] |
Adegbalola, GayeGaye Adegbalola | b. 1944 | American | Blues musician | B[30] |
Adès, ThomasThomas Adès | b. 1971 | British | Composer | G[31] |
Adler, AllisonAllison Adler | b. 1967 | American | Television writer, producer | L[32] |
Agbabi, PatiencePatience Agbabi | b. 1965 | British | Poet, performer | B[33] |
Aghion, GabrielGabriel Aghion | b. 1955 | French | Film director, screenwriter | G[34] |
Agolley, FaustinaFaustina Agolley | b. 1984 | Australian | Television presenter | L[35] |
Agostino, DominicDominic Agostino | 1959–2004 | Canadian | Politician | G[36] |
Aguirre-Sacasa, RobertoRoberto Aguirre-Sacasa | b. 1971 | American | Playwright, writer for Marvel Comics | G[37] |
Emperor Ai of Han | 27–1 BC | Chinese (Han Dynasty) | Head of state | G[38] |
Aiken, ClayClay Aiken | b. 1978 | American | Singer, songwriter, American Idol runner-up | G[39] |
Ailey, AlvinAlvin Ailey | 1931–1989 | American | Dancer, choreographer | G[40] |
Aillagon, Jean-JacquesJean-Jacques Aillagon | b. 1946 | French | Politician | G[41] |
Airey, DawnDawn Airey | b. 1960 | British | Television executive | L[42] |
Aitken, WillWill Aitken | b. ? | Canadian | Writer | G[43] |
Akerman, ChantalChantal Akerman | 1950-2015 | Belgian | Filmmaker | L[44] |
Al-Solaylee, KamalKamal Al-Solaylee | b. 1964 | Canadian | Journalist, writer | G[45] |
Alam, FaisalFaisal Alam | b. 1977 | American | LGBT Muslim rights activist | G[46] |
Alber, MattMatt Alber | b. 1978 | American | Singer, songwriter | G[47] |
Albee, EdwardEdward Albee | b. 1928 | American | Playwright | G[48] |
Alcorn, JohnJohn Alcorn | b. ?[5] | Canadian | Jazz musician | G[49] |
Aldridge, SarahSarah Aldridge | 1911–2006 | American | Author | L[50] |
Aleramo, SibillaSibilla Aleramo | 1876–1960 | Italian | Writer | L[51] |
Alexander the Great | 356–323 BC | Greek | King and conqueror | B[52] |
Alig, MichaelMichael Alig | b. 1966 | American | Party promoter, murderer | G[53] |
Napier Sturt, 3rd Baron Alington | 1896–1940 | British | Peer | B[54] |
Alland, SandraSandra Alland | b. 1973 | Canadian | Writer, artist, activist | L[55] |
Allan, MaudMaud Allan | 1873–1956 | Canadian | Dancer | L[56] |
Allegret, MarcMarc Allégret | 1900–1973 | French | Film director | B[57] |
Allen, ChadChad Allen | b. 1974 | American | Actor, gay activist | G[58] |
Allen, Paula GunnPaula Gunn Allen | b. 1939 | American | Writer | L[59] |
Allen, PeterPeter Allen | 1944–1992 | Australian | Entertainer | G[60] |
Allen, TedTed Allen | b. 1965 | American | Food and wine connoisseur | G[61] |
Allers, Christian WilhelmChristian Wilhelm Allers | 1857–1915 | German | Painter | G[62] |
Alley, HenryHenry Alley | b. 1944 | American | Author, academic | G[63] |
Alli, Waheed Alli, BaronWaheed Alli, Baron Alli | b. 1964 | British | Businessman, first openly gay peer in Parliament | G[64] |
Allison, DorothyDorothy Allison | b. 1949 | American | Writer | L[65] |
Allman, EricEric Allman | b. 1955 | American | Computer programmer | G[66] |
Almasy, LaszloLászló Almásy | 1895–1951 | Hungarian | Explorer, spy | G[67] |
Almodóvar, PedroPedro Almodóvar | b. 1949 | Spanish | Filmmaker | G[68] |
Almond, MarcMarc Almond | b. 1957 | British | Rock musician | G[69] |
Alonzo, Anne-MarieAnne-Marie Alonzo | 1951–2005 | Canadian | Writer | L[70] |
Alsop, JosephJoseph Alsop | 1910–1989 | American | Journalist | G[71] |
Althans, Bela EwaldBela Ewald Althans | b. 1966 | German | Neo-Nazi activist | G[72] |
Altman, DennisDennis Altman | b. 1943 | Australian | Academic, LGBT rights activist | G[73] |
Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia | 1936–2008 | Spanish | 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia | L[74] |
Amaechi, JohnJohn Amaechi | b. 1970 | British | Basketball player, broadcaster | G[75] |
Amedure, ScottScott Amedure | 1963–1995 | American | "Jenny Jones Murder" victim | G[76] |
Amenábar, AlejandroAlejandro Amenábar | b. 1972 | Spanish | Filmmaker | G[77] |
Ames, DavidDavid Ames | b. 1983 | British | Actor | G[78] |
Ammiano, TomTom Ammiano | b. 1941 | American | San Francisco City Supervisor, comedian | G[79] |
Amos, Stephen K.Stephen K. Amos | b. ?[5] | British | Comedian | G[80] |
Amstell, SimonSimon Amstell | b. 1979 | British | Comedian, television presenter | G[81] |
Andelson, SheldonSheldon Andelson | 1931–1988 | American | Politician | G[82] |
Anderson, BrettBrett Anderson | b. 1967 | British | Rock musician (Suede) | B[83] |
Anderson, Gordon StewartGordon Stewart Anderson | 1958–1991 | Canadian | Writer | G[84] |
Anderson, JaneJane Anderson | 1954 | American | Actress, playwright, director | L[85] |
Anderson, LindsayLindsay Anderson | 1923–1994 | British | Film director | G[86] |
Anderson, RuthRuth Anderson | b. 1928 | American | Composer | L[87] |
Andrade, Mário deMário de Andrade | 1893–1945 | Brazilian | Writer | G[88] |
Andrews, HarryHarry Andrews | 1911–1989 | British | Actor | G[89] |
Andrews, RobertRobert Andrews | 1895–1976 | British | Actor | G[90] |
Andrzejewski, JerzyJerzy Andrzejewski | 1909–1983 | Polish | Author | G[91] |
Anger, KennethKenneth Anger | b. 1927 | American | Filmmaker, author | G[92] |
Angerer, NadineNadine Angerer | b. 1978 | German | Football (soccer) player | B[93] |
Angguish, DallasDallas Angguish | b. 1968 | Australian | Writer | G[94] |
Annan, AlysonAlyson Annan | b. 1973 | Australian | Field hockey gold medalist | L[95] |
Ant | b. 1967 | American | Actor, comedian | B[96] |
Anthony, KatharineKatharine Anthony | 1877–1965 | American | Biographer | L[97] |
Anthony, TreyTrey Anthony | b. 1974 | Canadian | Comedian, playwright | G[98] |
Antin, SteveSteve Antin | b. 1956 | American | Actor, screenwriter | G[99] |
Antinous | 110–130 | Greek | Beloved of Roman Emperor Hadrian | G[100] |
Antonio, NickieNickie Antonio | b. 1955 | American | Politician | L[101] |
Antonio, SalvatoreSalvatore Antonio | b. 1976 | Canadian | Actor, writer | G[102] |
Antoniou, LauraLaura Antoniou | b. 1963 | American | Author | L[103] |
Anzaldúa, Gloria E.Gloria E. Anzaldúa | 1942–2004 | American | Writer | L[104] |
Appiah, Kwame AnthonyKwame Anthony Appiah | b. 1954 | Ghanaian | Philosopher, writer | G[105] |
Appleton, AlistairAlistair Appleton | b. 1970 | British | Television presenter | G[106] |
Aptheker, BettinaBettina Aptheker | b. 1944 | American | Activist, academic | L[107] |
Apukhtin, AlekseyAleksey Apukhtin | 1840–1893 | Russian | Poet | G[108] |
Aragon, LouisLouis Aragon | 1897–1982 | French | Poet, novelist | B[109] |
Araki, GreggGregg Araki | b. 1959 | American | Filmmaker | G[110] |
Aravosis, JohnJohn Aravosis | b. 1963 | American | LGBT rights activist | G[111] |
Archer, BertBert Archer | b. 1968 | Canadian | Writer | G[112] |
Arenas, ReinaldoReinaldo Arenas | 1943–1990 | Cuban | Writer | G[113] |
Aretino, PietroPietro Aretino | 1492–1556 | Italian | Writer, satirist | G[114] |
Arias, JoeyJoey Arias | b. 1949 | American | Performance artist, drag performer | G[115] |
Armenante, JillianJillian Armenante | b. 1968 | American | Actress, writer | L[116] |
Armstrong, Billie JoeBillie Joe Armstrong | b. 1972 | American | Rock musician (Green Day) | B[117] |
Arndt, ChipChip Arndt | b. 1966 | American | Reality TV show contestant, LGBT rights activist | G[118] |
Arndt, JudithJudith Arndt | b. 1976 | German | Cyclist | L[119] |
Arnold, AliceAlice Arnold | b. 1962 | British | Ex BBC Radio 4 Newsreader | L[120] |
Arnold, Mary EllicottMary Ellicott Arnold | 1876–1968 | American | Social activist, writer | L[121] |
Arnold, RobertRobert Arnold | b. 1982 | New Zealander | Pop musician | G[122] |
Arnott, JakeJake Arnott | b. 1961 | British | Author | G[123] |
Aron, Jean-PaulJean-Paul Aron | 1925–1988 | French | Writer | G[124] |
Arondeus, WillemWillem Arondeus | 1894–1943 | Dutch | Painter and member of the Dutch resistance | G[125] |
Arrowood, John S.John S. Arrowood | b. 1956 | American | Judge | G[126] |
Arrowsmith, PatPat Arrowsmith | b. 1930 | British | Writer, peace activist | L[127] |
Arthur, RobertRobert Arthur | 1925–2008 | American | Actor | G[128] |
Arvin, NewtonNewton Arvin | 1900–1963 | American | Writer, academic | G[129] |
Arzner, DorothyDorothy Arzner | 1897–1979 | American | Film director | L[130] |
Ashbery, JohnJohn Ashbery | b. 1927 | American | Poet | G[131] |
Ashburn, RoyRoy Ashburn | b. 1954 | American | Politician | G[132] |
Ashman, HowardHoward Ashman | 1950–1991 | American | Lyricist | G[133] |
Ashton, FrederickFrederick Ashton | 1904–1988 | British | Choreographer | G[134] |
Askew, OthnielOthniel Askew | 1972–2003 | American | Politician, murderer | G[135] |
Aslan, RaoulRaoul Aslan | 1886–1958 | Austrian | Actor | G[136] |
Asquith, AnthonyAnthony Asquith | 1902–1968 | British | Film director | G[137] |
Astbury, RobRob Astbury | b. 1948 | Australian | Journalist, television presenter | G[138] |
Asther, NilsNils Asther | 1897–1981 | Swedish | Stage and silent film actor | G[139] |
Astrom, SverkerSverker Åström | 1915-2012 | Swedish | Diplomat | G[140] |
Atala, KarenKaren Atala | b. 1964 | Chilean | Lawyer, fighting for custody of her children | L[141] |
Ataman, KutluğKutluğ Ataman | b. 1961 | Turkish | Filmmaker | G[142] |
Atherton, JohnJohn Atherton | 1598–1640 | English | Anglican bishop executed for buggery | G[143] |
Athey, RonRon Athey | b. 1961 | American | Artist | G[144] |
Atkins, ToniToni Atkins | b. 1962 | American | Politician | L[145] |
Atkinson, Ti-GraceTi-Grace Atkinson | b. 1938 | American | Feminist author | L[146] |
Attling, EfvaEfva Attling | b. 1952 | Swedish | Jewelry designer | L[147] |
Atwater-Rhodes, AmeliaAmelia Atwater-Rhodes | b. 1984 | American | Writer | L[148] |
Au, AlexAlex Au | b. 1952 | Singaporean | LGBT rights activist, writer | G[149] |
Aucoin, KevynKevyn Aucoin | 1962–2002 | American | Make-up artist | G[150] |
Auden, W. H.W. H. Auden | 1907–1973 | British | Poet | G[151] |
August, JohnJohn August | b. 1970 | American | Screenwriter | G[152] |
Augustus, SeimoneSeimone Augustus | b. 1984 | American | Basketball player | L[153] |
Ausiello, MichaelMichael Ausiello | b. 1972 | American | Television journalist | G[154] |
Avedisian, EdwardEdward Avedisian | 1936–2007 | American | Painter | G[155] |
Aviance, KevinKevin Aviance | b. 1968 | American | Entertainer | G[156] |
Axgil, Axel and EigilAxel and Eigil Axgil | 1915–2011 1922–1995 |
Danish | First gay couple in the world joined in a civil union | G[157] |
Ayres, TonyTony Ayres | b. 1961 | Australian | Film director, screenwriter | G[158] |
Azar, AssiAssi Azar | b. 1979 | Israel | Television personality | G[159] |
Azis | b. 1978 | Romani-Bulgarian | Chalga singer | G[160] |
A · Ba–Bh · Bi–Bz · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O P · Q · R · Sa–Sc · Sd–Si · Sj–Sz · T · U · V · W · X · Y · Z |
References
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- ↑ Gerdes, L.C. (1988). The Developing Adult (Second ed.). Durban: Butterworths; Austin, Texas: Butterworth Legal Publishers. ISBN 0-409-10188-5.
- ↑ Sell, Randall L. (December 1997). "Defining and Measuring Sexual Orientation: A Review: How do you define sexual orientation?". Archives of Sexual Behavior. pp. 643–658. doi:10.1023/A:1024528427013. PMID 9415799. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
- ↑ Pew Global Attitudes Project (June 2003). "Views of a Changing World" (.PDF). Washington, D.C.: The Pew Research Center For The People & The Press. OCLC 52547041. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
- ↑ All entries contain a reliably sourced reference. Entries may also contain a letter indicating Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual.
- ↑ Barbara J. Love (2006). Feminists who changed America, 1963-1975. University of Illinois Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-252-03189-2. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
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- ↑ Morris, Gary (August 2002), Rare Docs on French Filmmakers, Bright Lights Film Journal. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ↑ "Escape from intolerance: one man's journey to Canada from Yemen". The Globe and Mail, 16 July 2012.
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- ↑ Gussow, Mel (1999). Gussow Edward Albee: A Singular Journey : A Biography. ISBN 0-684-80278-3.
- ↑ Posner, Michael (3 January 2004), An artist of pulling strings, The Globe and Mail (Toronto, Canada). Retrieved 13 November 2006.
- ↑ Gabriele Griffin, Who's Who in Lesbian and Gay and Writing, Routledge, London, 2002.
- ↑ Aldrich, Robert and Garry Wotherspoon. Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History, from Antiquity to World War II. Routledge, London, 2001, ISBN 978-0-415-25369-7.
- ↑ Rufus, Quintus Curtius. Historiae Alexandri Magni. VI.5.23.
- ↑ Van Meter, Jonathan, Party Boy in a Cage, 27 November 2006 issue of New York Magazine. Retrieved 15 March 2007.
- ↑ Moffat, Ivan; Lambert, Gavin (2004). The Ivan Moffat File: Life Among the Beautiful and Damned in London, Paris, New York, and Hollywood. Pantheon Books. p. 107. ISBN 0-375-42247-1.
- ↑ Alland, Sandra (5 July 2007). many closets, so little time, Xtra!. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
- ↑ Rapp, Linda (May 2007), Maud Allan, glbtq.com. Retrieved May 2007.
- ↑ Fish, Scott (6 December 2005), Andre Gide, glbtq.com. Retrieved 20 November 2006.
- ↑ Vilanch, Bruce (9 October 2001), "Chad Allen: His own story", The Advocate. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
- ↑ Keating, AnnLouise (1993). "Myth Smashers, Myth Makers". In Nelson, Emmanuel Sampath. Critical Essays: Gay and Lesbian Writers of Color. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 1-56023-048-7.
- ↑ Gianoulis, Tina (30 July 2004), Peter Allen, glbtq.com. Retrieved January 2006.
- ↑ Biography on Ted Allen's official website. TedAllen.net. Retrieved January 2006.
- ↑ Fiorani, Tito, Le dimore del mito, La Conchiglia, Capri 1996, pp. 23–24
- ↑ Alley, Henry, The Facts of Life, Virginia Quarterly Review. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
- ↑ BBC.co.uk (29 November 2000), Profile: Lord Waheed Alli. Retrieved_November_1, 2006.
- ↑ Keehnen, Owen, Literary Heroine: Talking With Dorothy Allison, Queerculturalcenter.org. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
- ↑ Freiss, Steve (3 March 1998), What a connection – gay couple's contributions to information technology – Special Cyber Report, The Advocate. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
- ↑ Bierman, John (2004). The Secret Life of Laszlo Almasy: The Real English Patient. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-91417-7.
- ↑ Zervigon, Andres Mario (8 June 2005), Pedro Almodóvar, glbtq.com. Retrieved January 2006.
- ↑ Creekmu, Corey K (1995). Out in Culture, 405, Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-1541-6, discusses Marc Almond.
- ↑ Tremain, Shelley, Pushing the limits: Disabled dykes produce culture, (Women's Press (CA), July 1996), ISBN 0-88961-218-8.
- ↑ Merry, Robert W. Taking on the World: Joseph and Stewart Alsop – Guardians of the American Century. New York: Viking, 1996. 360–365. ISBN 0-14-014984-8.
- ↑ Stephen E. Atkins, Holocaust Denial as an International Movement, ABC-CLIO, 2009, p. 111.
- ↑ Altman, Dennis (1971). Homosexual oppression and liberation. Outerbridge & Dienstfrey, 242 pages. ISBN 0-8147-0624-X.
- ↑ Keeley, Graham. "Red Duchess wed lesbian lover to snub children", "The Daily Telegraph", 2008 March 16. Retrieved 2008 March 16.
- ↑ Robbins, Liz (8 February 2007), Amaechi, Former Player in N.B.A., Says He’s Gay, The New York Times. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
- ↑ "Man Convicted Again In Talk Show Murder". The New York Times. 27 August 1999. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
- ↑ Duralde, Alonso. The Advocate, 1 March 2005: Gay guide to the Oscars: there are queer hooks to this year's Academy Awards, if you're willing to dig a little for them. (discusses Alejandro Amenábar)
- ↑ "David Ames: Holby hunk Dr Copeland gets a full examination talking weight battles, Gandalf and being out and on TV". Gay Times (436): 42–51. August 2014.
- ↑ Erin McCormick. "Ammiano's career as an 'inside outsider,'" San Francisco Examiner, 7 December 1999.
- ↑ Gay comedian Stephen K Amos interviews Elephant Man. News: Partyxtraz.com. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
- ↑ Lynskey, Dorian (2 August 2006), I always want the funny line, The Guardian. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ↑ New York Times (1 January 1988), Sheldon Andelson, Political Fund-Raiser, 56. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ↑ ANDERSON: 'I'M BISEXUAL', (3 June 2006), ContactMusic.com. Retrieved 1 November 2006.
- ↑ Lloyd, B.M., Not A Total Waste : The True Story of a Mother, Her Son and AIDS, (Mosaic Press, December 1999), ISBN 0-88962-540-9.
- ↑ Lo, Malinda (December 2005), Defying Hollywood: lesbian writer Jane Anderson may be a big-shot Hollywood director now, but theater is still in her blood., Curve magazine. Retrieved 9 August 2007.
- ↑ McDowell, Malcolm (3 September 2004), The man who gave me a slap in the face, The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
- ↑ Lesbian American composers. New York, New York. CRI, CD 780, 1998. Guide to Gay and Lesbian Resources: XIV.141 Music, No. 3107. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ↑ Green, James N. "Challenging National Heroes and Myths: Male Homosexuality and Brazilian History." Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe 12, 1 (2001). Retrieved 9 November 2006.
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