Los Angeles metropolitan area

For the larger geographic region including Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura counties, see Greater Los Angeles Area.

Coordinates: 34°N 118°W / 34°N 118°W / 34; -118

Los Angeles Metropolitan Area
Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim
Map of Los Angeles Metropolitan Area
Coordinates: 33°54′N 118°15′W / 33.9°N 118.25°W / 33.9; -118.25
Country United States
State(s) California
Largest city Los Angeles
Other cities  – Long Beach
 – Anaheim
 – Santa Ana
 – Irvine
 – Glendale
 – Huntington Beach
 – Santa Clarita
Area
 • Total 4,850.3 sq mi (12,562 km2)
Highest elevation Mount San Antonio 10,068 ft (3,069 m)
Lowest elevation Wilmington −9 ft (-3 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 12,828,837
 • Rank 2nd in the U.S.
 • Density 2,645.0/sq mi (1,024.7/km2)
Los Angeles metropolitan area

The Los Angeles metropolitan area, also known as Metropolitan Los Angeles or the Southland,[1] is the 18th largest metropolitan area in the world and the second-largest metropolitan area in the United States.[2] It is entirely located in the southern portion of the U.S. State of California.

The metropolitan area is defined by the Office of Management and Budget as the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties, a metropolitan statistical area used for statistical purposes by the United States Census Bureau and other agencies.[3] Its land area is 4,850 sq. mi (12,562 km²).

Los Angeles and Orange counties are the first and third most populous counties in California respectively, and Los Angeles, with 9,819,000 people in 2010, is the most populous county in the United States. The combined Los Angeles metropolitan area is home to 18.2 million people, making it the most populous metropolitan area in the western United States and the largest in area in the United States. The metro area has at its core the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim corridor, an urbanized area defined by the Census Bureau with a population 12,150,996 as of the 2010 Census.

The Census Bureau also defines a wider region based on commuting patterns, the Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area (CSA), more commonly known as the Greater Los Angeles Area, with an estimated population of 18,550,288 in 2014.[4] This includes the three additional counties of Ventura, Riverside, and San Bernardino. The total land area of the combined statistical area is 33,955 sq. mi (87,945 km²).

Definitions

Los Angeles metropolitan area in yellow

The counties and county groupings comprising the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area are listed below with 2012 U.S. Bureau of the Census estimates of their populations.[5]

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area (12,828,837)

Major divisions of the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area

In addition to the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, the following Metropolitan Statistical Areas are also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area (total pop. 18,238,998):[5]

Urban areas of the region

Metropolitan Los Angeles as viewed from the Getty Center. Skyline of Downtown Los Angeles in the background, Century City and Westwood in the foreground.

The Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA is a multicore metropolitan region containing several urban areas.

Urban areas

The combined statistical area is a multicore metropolitan region containing several urban areas.

Population
Rank		 Urbanized Area 2010
Population
2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim 12,150,996
22 Riverside-San Bernardino 1,932,666
69 Mission Viejo-Lake Forest-San Clemente 583,681
87 Murrieta-Temecula-Menifee 441,546
103 Oxnard 367,260
111 Indio-Cathedral City 345,580
112 Lancaster-Palmdale 341,219
114 Victorville-Hesperia 328,454
146 Santa Clarita 258,653
168 Thousand Oaks 214,811
205 Hemet 163,379
254 Simi Valley 125,206
386 Camarillo 71,772

Cities

Principal cities

View of downtown Long Beach.

The following is a list of cities with populations over 50,000 in the Los Angeles metropolitan area with 2011 United States Census Bureau estimates of their population.[6] Cities in bold are considered principal cities of the metropolitan area by the Census Bureau, which represent significant employment centers:[7]

Economy

Financial District of Downtown Los Angeles
Downtown Los Angeles

The economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area is famously and heavily based on the entertainment industry, with a particular focus on television, motion pictures, interactive games, and recorded music – the Hollywood district of Los Angeles and its surrounding areas are known as the "movie capital of the United States" due to the region's extreme commercial and historical importance to the American motion picture industry. Other significant sectors include shipping/international trade – particularly at the adjacent Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach, together comprising the United States' busiest seaport – as well as aerospace, technology, petroleum, fashion and apparel, and tourism.

The City of Los Angeles is home to five Fortune 500 companies: energy company Occidental Petroleum, healthcare provider Health Net, metals distributor Reliance Steel & Aluminum, engineering firm AECOM, and real estate group CB Richard Ellis. Other companies headquartered in Los Angeles include American Apparel, City National Bank, 20th Century Fox, Latham & Watkins, Univision, Metro Interactive, LLC, Premier America, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, DeviantArt,[8] Guess?, O’Melveny & Myers; Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker, Tokyopop, The Jim Henson Company, Paramount Pictures, Sunkist Growers, Incorporated, Tutor Perini, Fox Sports Net, Capital Group, and The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf. Korean Air's US passenger and cargo operations headquarters are located in two separate offices in Los Angeles.[9] Entertainment and media giant The Walt Disney Company is headquartered in nearby Burbank.

The Los Angeles-Orange County metro area alone has an enormous economy, roughly $866 billion estimated for 2014,[10] or the total economic output/income of Indonesia's 250 million people, indeed (crazy coastal California land values) and the rents they command contribute heavily to GDP earnings, at the expense of home affordability and thus future GDP increase. This is evident when comparing the coast with the Inland Empire, a large component of the 5 county combined statistical area (CSA) that nevertheless contributes a far smaller portion to regional gross metropolitan product but still dominates in industry. The Southland CSA is third largest economic center in the world, after the Greater Tokyo Area and the New York-Newark-Bridgeport CSA.[11]

Port of Long Beach

The Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach together comprise the fifth busiest port in the world being the center of imports and exports for trade on the west Pacific Coast as well as being one of the most significant ports of the western hemisphere. The Port of Los Angeles occupies 7,500 acres (3,035 hectares) of land and water along 43 miles (69 kilometres) of waterfront and is the busiest container port in the United States. The Port is the busiest port in the United States by container volume, the 8th busiest container port in the world.[12][13][14] The top trading partners in 2004 were: China ($68.8 billion), Japan ($24.1 billion), Taiwan ($10.8 billion), Thailand ($6.7 billion), & South Korea ($5.6 billion)

The Port of Long Beach is the 2nd busiest container port in the United States. It adjoins the separate Port of Los Angeles. Acting as a major gateway for U.S.-Asian trade, the port occupies 3,200 acres (1,295 hectares) of land with 25 miles (40 kilometres) of waterfront in the city of Long Beach, California. The seaport boasts approximately $100 billion in trade and provides more than 316,000 jobs in Southern California. The Port of Long Beach import and export more than $100 billion worth of goods every year. The seaport provides the country with jobs, generate tax revenue, and supporting retail and manufacturing businesses.

Long Beach-Los Angeles- Anaheim

The Long Beach Los Angeles Anaheim metropolitan statistical area is located in the southern part of California. In 2014, the metro area’s population reached 13, 262, 220 and ranked 2nd in the United States—a 1 percent increase from 2013.[1] In 2014, Los Angeles- Long Beach- Anaheim had a per capita personal income (PCPI) of $50, 751 and ranked 29th in the country. [2]

In 2014, Los Angeles- Long Beach- Anaheim placed 3rd among the largest exporters in the United States, (shipment totaling to $75.5 billion). The metro accounted for 40.8 percent of California’s merchandise exports mainly exporting computer and electronic products ($18.6 billion); transportation equipment ($15.3 billion) and chemicals ($5.6 billion)[3]. Nonetheless, the greater Los Angeles metro has immensely benefited from the free trade agreements such that greater Los Angeles exported $25.1 billion to the NAFTA region and $776 million in goods to the CAFTA region.[4]

Overall, in 2014 the average wages and salaries reached $57, 519 (in 2010, the average wages and salaries reached $54, 729).[5] Meanwhile, the median household income in 2014 was $56, 935, a 1.4 percent increase from 2013 (average median household income was $56, 164). [6]

Table 2 (refer below) is a chart of the four highest sectors in the metro area, with health care and social assistance reaching 15.54%

Industry Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA MSA
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance 15.54%
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade 11.27%
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services 10.79%
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing 10.47%

Table 3 (refer below) displays the location quotient for employment in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim MSA. Top three sectors include information; art, entertainment, and recreation; and real estate and rental and leasing.

Industry Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA MSA
NAICS 99 Unclassified 2.46
NAICS 51 Information 1.88
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation 1.36
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing 1.29
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade 1.21
NAICS 61 Educational services 1.13
NAICS 54 Professional and technical services 1.11
NAICS 56 Administrative and waste services 1.06
NAICS 81 Other services, except public administration 1.04
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing 1
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance 1
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services 1
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises 0.95
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing 0.88
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance 0.86
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade 0.85
NAICS 23 Construction 0.76
NAICS 22 Utilities 0.65
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 0.15
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 0.15

Table 3. Data obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2014. Data measures Location Quotient for sectors in the MSA area. U.S. Total is the base areas. http://data.bls.gov/location_quotient/ControllerServlet

[1] http://proximityone.com/metros/2013/cbsa31080.htm#6.4

[2] Los Angeles- Long Beach- Anaheim

[3] Los Angeles- Long Beach- Anaheim

[4] Los Angeles- Long Beach- Anaheim

[5] http://proximityone.com/metros/2013/cbsa31080.htm#6 Dollar items are in current dollars (not adjusted for inflation). Per capita items in dollars; other dollar items in thousands of dollars. - See more at: http://proximityone.com/metros/2013/cbsa31080.htm#6

[6] http://www.meyersresearchllc.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Zonda_Market_Report_CA_Los-Angeles-Long-Beach-Anaheim.pdf

Utilities and infrastructure

There are nine electric utility power companies in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Southern California Edison serves a large majority of the Los Angeles metropolitan area except for Los Angeles city limits, Burbank, Glendale, Pasadena, Azusa, Vernon, Anaheim, and southern Orange County. Southern Orange County is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and it is served by San Diego Gas & Electric. There are three natural gas providers in the metropolitan area. Southern California Gas Company serves a large majority of the Los Angeles metropolitan area except for Long Beach and southern Orange County.

The Los Angeles metropolitan area is served by the following utility companies.

Electricity

Natural Gas

Cable TV

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1890115,043—
1900189,99465.2%
1910538,567183.5%
1920997,83085.3%
19302,327,166133.2%
19402,916,40325.3%
19504,367,91149.8%
19606,742,69654.4%
19708,463,21325.5%
19809,410,15911.2%
199011,273,72019.8%
200012,365,6279.7%
201012,828,8373.7%
State Census data [15]

According to the 2009 American Community Survey, the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area had a population of 12,874,797, of which 6,402,498 (49.7% of the population) were male and 6,472,299 (50.3% of the population) were female.

The age composition was the following:

Median age: 34.6 years

According to the survey, the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area was 54.6% White (32.2% non-Hispanic White alone), 7.0% Black or African American, 0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 13.9% Asian, 0.3% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 20.6% from Some other race, and 3.2% from Two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 44.8% of the population.

Whites are the racial majority; whites of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin make up 54.6% of the population. Non-Hispanic whites make up under one-third (32.2%) of the population. Approximately 7,028,533 residents are white, of which 4,150,426 are non-Hispanic whites.

The top five European ancestries are the following:

Blacks are a sizable minority; blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin make up 7.0% of the population. Non-Hispanic blacks make up 6.7% of the population. Approximately 895,931 residents are black, of which 864,737 are non-Hispanic blacks. In the survey, 136,024 people identified their ancestry as "Sub-Saharan African", equal to 1.1% of the population.

American Indians are a small minority; American Indians of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin make up 0.5% of the population. American Indians of non-Hispanic origin make up 0.2% of the populace. Approximately 68,822 residents are American Indian, of which 26,134 are American Indians of non-Hispanic origin. Approximately 3,872 Cherokee, 1,679 Navajo, 1,000 Chippewa, and 965 Sioux reside in the area.

Asians are a large minority; Asians of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin make up 13.9% of the population. Asians of non-Hispanic origin make up 13.7% of the population. Approximately 1,790,140 residents are Asian, of which 1,770,225 are Asians of non-Hispanic origin.

The six Asian ancestries mentioned are the following:

"Other Asian" is an additional category that includes people who did not identify themselves as any of the groups above. This group includes people of Cambodian, Laotian, Pakistani, Burmese, Taiwanese, and Thai descent, among others. Approximately 166,665 people are in this category, and they make up 1.3% of the population.

Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders are a very small minority; Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders make up 0.3% of the population. Approximately 37,719 residents are Native Hawaiian or of other Pacific Islander ancestries, of which 33,982 are of non-Hispanic origin.

The three Pacific Islander ancestries mentioned are the following:

"Other Pacific Islander" is an additional category that includes people who did not identify themselves as any of the groups above. This group includes people of Fijian and Tongan descent, among others. Approximately 12,764 people are in this category, and they make up 0.1% of the population.

Multiracial individuals are a sizable minority; multiracial people of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin make up 3.2% of the population, of which 1.8% were of non-Hispanic origin. Approximately 405,568 people are multiracial, of which 228,238 are of non-Hispanic origin.

The four multiracial ancestries mentioned are the following:

Hispanic or Latinos, are, by far, the largest minority group; Hispanics or Latinos make up 44.8% of the population. They do not make up a majority, but they make up a plurality, outnumbering every other individual racial group. Approximately 5,763,181 residents are Hispanic or Latino.

The three Hispanic or Latino ancestries mentioned are the following:

"Other Hispanic or Latino" is an additional category that includes people who did not identify themselves as any of the groups above. This group include people of Costa Rican, Salvadoran, and Colombian descent, among others. Approximately 1,096,569 people are in this category, and they make up 8.5% of the population.

Source 1:[16]

Source 2:[17]

Tourism

Due to L.A.'s stance as The Entertainment Capital of the World, there are an abundance of tourist attractions in the area. Consequently, the metropolitan L.A. is one of the most visited areas in the world. Here is a breakdown of some of its major attractions:

Theme parks

Sleeping Beauty Castle at Disneyland Park

Beaches

Laguna Beach coastline is popular for sunbathers

Shopping

Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills

Motion picture studios

Warner Brothers Studios in the San Fernando Valley

Waterparks

Zoos and aquariums

Los Angeles Zoo

Nightlife

Museums

See also, Los Angeles City Museums

Presidential Museums

Convention Centers

State Parks & Beaches

National Parks, Monuments, & Refuges

Other

Transportation

Commercial airports

LAX sign.
Airport IATA code County Enplanements (2013)[18]
Los Angeles International Airport LAX Los Angeles 32,425,892
John Wayne Airport SNA Orange 4,540,628
Ontario International Airport ONT San Bernardino 1,970,538
Bob Hope Airport BUR Los Angeles 1,918,011
Long Beach Airport LGB Los Angeles 1,438,756

The primary airport serving the LA metro area is Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), one of the busiest airports in the United States. LAX is located in southwestern Los Angeles, 16 miles (26 km) from Downtown Los Angeles. LAX is the only airport to serve as a hub for all three U.S. legacy airlines —American, Delta and United.

In addition to LAX, other airports, including Bob Hope Airport, John Wayne Airport, Long Beach Airport, and LA/Ontario International Airport, also serve the region.

Interstates

U.S. Highways

California State Highways

Los Angeles County Metro

Map of LA County Metro

The Metro Rail is the mass transit rail system of Los Angeles County. It is run by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority and its system runs five rail lines throughout Los Angeles County. Metro Rail currently operates four light rail lines and two rapid transit subway lines, altogether totaling 87.7 miles (141.1 km) of rail, 101 stations, and over 360,000 daily weekday boardings as of December 2012.[20]

The systems light rail system is the second busiest LRT system in the United States, after Boston, by number of riders, with 200,300 average weekday boardings during the third quarter of 2012.[21]

Since the region of the city is in close proximity to a major fault area the tunnels were built to resist earthquakes of up to magnitude 7.5. Both subway lines use an electrified third rail to provide power to the trains, rendering these lines unusable on the other three. The Blue and Gold Lines run mostly at grade, with some street-running, elevated, and underground stretches in the more densely populated areas of Los Angeles. The Green Line is entirely grade separated, running in the median of I-105 and then turning southward along an elevated route.

The rail lines run regularly on a 5 am and midnight schedule, seven days a week. Limited service on particular segments is provided after midnight and before 5 am There is no rail service between 2 and 3:30 am Exact times vary from route to route; see individual route articles for more information.

Regional and Commuter Rail

There are two providers of heavy rail transportation in the region, Amtrak and Metrolink. Amtrak provides service to San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and points in between on the Pacific Surfliner. It also provides long-distance routes, including the Coast Starlight which goes to the San Francisco Bay Area, Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington; the Southwest Chief which goes to Flagstaff, Arizona, Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Chicago; and the Sunset Limited which provides limited service (three days a week) to Tucson, El Paso, Houston, and New Orleans.

Metrolink provides service to numerous places within Southern California, including all counties in the region. Metrolink operates to 55 stations on seven lines within Southern California which mostly (except for the Inland Empire-Orange County Line) radiate from Los Angeles Union Station.

Codes of metropolitan Los Angeles

Area codes

ZIP codes

The following is the list of ZIP codes for select areas within the metropolitan area.

Orange County

Los Angeles County

Culture

Sports teams

As a whole, the Los Angeles area has more national championships, all sports combined (college and professional), than any other city in the United States, with over four times as many championships as the entire state of Texas, and just over twice that of New York City.[22]

Staples Center in Downtown Los Angeles

Listing of the professional sports teams in the Los Angeles metropolitan area

Professional Venues

        Note # symbol means venue has held an Olympic event.

Media

Main article: Media in Los Angeles

The Los Angeles metropolitan area is home to the headquarters of several well-known media companies including: the Los Angeles Times, Fox Broadcasting Company, Universal Studios, and The Walt Disney Company. Local television channels include KCBS-TV 2 (CBS), KNBC 4 (NBC), KTLA 5 (CW), KABC 7 (ABC), KCAL-TV 9 (Independent/CBS), KTTV 11 (FOX), KCOP 13 (myNetworkTV), KPXN-TV 38/30 (Ion), and KLCS 41/58 (PBS). Radio stations serving the area include: KKJZ, KIIS, KNX (AM), and KMZT.

Geology

The west coast of North America used to be part of a large convergent plate boundary between the Farallon Plate and North American Plate about 165 to 55 million years ago. Here, the Farallon Plate subducted under the North American Plate creating volcanoes about 100 miles east of this boundary which can still be seen today as Amboy Crater along Route 66 in Amboy, California and Ubehebe Crater in Death Valley National Park. About 55 million years ago, the Farallon Plate broke off into two smaller plates which still exist today. Those plates are called the Juan de Fuca Plate, which is responsible for the Cascade Volcanoes in Northern California and up through Oregon and Washington, and the Cocos Plate off the west coast of Latin America. When the Farallon Plate was completely subducted under the North American Plate, the end result was a new type of plate boundary called a Transform fault. The reason this formed was due to the Pacific Plate, located to the west of the Farallon Plate, was moving north west with respect to the North American Plate. With no more subduction taking place, new geologic movement created a new type of fault. This is the beginning of the infamous San Andreas Fault.

The land which the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area is among the newest rocks in the continental United States. It is estimated to be about 20 million years old. Most of the rocks in this area are part of the larger Monterey Formation which covers most of the California costal ranges. The Monterey Formation consists of shale rocks, which were created from the accumulation calcium rich shells of dead marine life of millions of years. Before then, it was submerged and was part a shallow ocean floor. It has since been uplifted due to pressures between the many different fault zones at an average rate of 2 millimeters per year.

The Los Angeles Metropolitan is known to be geologically active. The San Andreas Fault is located about 40 miles north of Downtown Los Angeles and major earthquakes have occurred along the fault, large enough to cause fatalities and damages. A major earthquake hasn't happened in the southern section of the San Andreas Fault in over 100 years and geologist have determined a 50% probability of a 7.0 earthquake, registered on the moment magnitude scale within the years 2010 to 2040. Some geologist say that this probably is over speculated. There is currently no way to acutely predict an earthquake. On the contrary, major efforts have been made to fund a practical earthquake warning system, similar to what Japan used in Tokyo during the 2011 Japan Earthquake, in Southern California. Today, the area gets hits with many earthquakes per day, most reregistering below a 3.0 on the moment magnitude scale, too insignificant to feel any shaking on the surface.

List of Major Fault Zones

Note: Plate boundary faults are indicated with a (#) symbol.

Significant Earthquakes

Note: Earthquakes with epicenters in the Los Angeles Metro Area are marked with the (#) symbol. Other earthquakes mentioned means shaking was felt.

See also

References

  1. ↑ List of Southland's worst schools released | abc7.com. Abclocal.go.com (2010-03-08). Retrieved on 2013-07-29.
  2. ↑ Largest Metropolitan Areas in the U.S. – Most Populous Metros. Geography.about.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-29.
  3. ↑ "Current Lists of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Definitions". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
  4. ↑ "Combined Statistical Area Population Estimates File for Internet Display". US Census Bureau. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
  5. 1 2 Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Totals: Vintage 2012 - U.S Census Bureau. Census.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-29.
  6. ↑ "City and Town Totals: Vintage 2011". United States Census Bureau. July 1, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  7. ↑ "About Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas". United States Census Bureau. February 28, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  8. ↑ "DeviantArt, Inc." Businessweek Investing. Accessed November 9, 2008.
  9. ↑ "Contact Info". Korean Air. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
  10. ↑ http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm
  11. ↑ The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005, dated March 11, 2007. The list fails to include Taipei. Accessed July 3, 2007.
  12. ↑ "World Port Rankings – 2005" – Port Industry Statistics – American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) – Updated May 1, 2007 – (Microsoft Excel *.XLS document)
  13. ↑ "North American Port Container Traffic – 2006" – Port Industry Statistics – American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) – Updated May 14, 2007 – (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document)
  14. ↑ FAQ # 22 at the Port of Los Angeles.org
  15. ↑ http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/state_census_data_center/historical_census_1850-2010/view.php
  16. ↑ American FactFinder. Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-29.
  17. ↑ American FactFinder. Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-29.
  18. ↑ http://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/media/cy13-commercial-service-enplanements.pdf
  19. ↑ Los Angeles County Road Atlas (Map). Thomas Brothers. 2008.
  20. ↑ "Facts at a Glance". LACMTA. January 15, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  21. ↑ Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transit Authority, Facts at a Glance, January 15, 2013.
  22. ↑ "Los Angeles Sports Travel". Los Angeles Sports Travel.

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