Olympus Corporation

Olympus Corporation
オリンパス株式会社
Public
Traded as TYO: 7733, OTC Pink: OCPNY/quote OCPNY
Industry Electronics
Founded October 12, 1919 (1919-10-12) (as Takachiho Seisakusho)
Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan 23 August 2009
Founder Takeshi Yamashita[1]
Headquarters Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
Key people
 Hiroyuki Sasa President/CEO
Products Precision machineries and instruments, Cameras, Voice recorders, Medical endoscopes and other medical devices, face cream and tupperware-like plastic table ware
Revenue Increase ¥847,105 million (y/e March 2011)[2]
Number of employees
 39,727 (@31 Mar. 2011)[2]
Parent Nippon Life Insurance 9%
Sony 5%[3]
Mitsubishi 5%
JPMorgan 5%[3]
Website Olympus Global

Olympus Corporation (オリンパス株式会社 Orinpasu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japan-based manufacturer of optics and reprography products. Olympus was established on 12 October 1919, initially specializing in microscope and thermometer businesses.[4] Olympus enjoys a majority share of the world market in gastro-intestinal endoscopes. It has a roughly 70% share of the global market whose estimated value is US$2.5 billion. Its global headquarters are in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.

In 2011, the company gained coverage in global media when it fired its newly appointed British chief executive (CEO) Michael Woodford. Woodford, a 30-year Olympus veteran and Olympus' president and chief operating officer (COO) since April that year, had sought to probe financial irregularities and unexplained payments of hundreds of millions of dollars following his appointment as CEO. Although the board initially dismissed Woodford's concerns via mass media as being "disruptive" actions and Woodford as failing to grasp local culture, the matter quickly snowballed into a corporate corruption[5] scandal over concealment (called Tobashi) of more than 117.7 billion Yen ($1.5 billion) of investment losses and other dubious fees and other payments dating back to the late 1980s and suspicion of covert payments to criminal organizations.[6][7][8][9] By 2012, the scandal had developed into one of the biggest and longest-lived loss-concealing financial scandals in the history of corporate Japan;[10] it had wiped 75–80% off the company's stock market valuation,[11] led to the resignation of much of the board, investigations across Japan, the UK, and US, the arrest of 11 past or present Japanese directors, senior managers, auditors and bankers of Olympus for alleged criminal activities or cover-up,[12] and raised considerable turmoil and concern over Japan's prevailing corporate governance and transparency[13] and the Japanese financial markets. Woodford himself, who stated he had received death threats over his exposing of the cover-up,[9] received a reported £10 million ($16 m) in damages from Olympus for defamation and wrongful dismissal in 2012;[11][14] around the same time, Olympus also announced it would shed 2,700 jobs (7% of its workforce)[15] and around 40 percent of its 30 manufacturing plants by 2015 to reduce its cost base.[16] The company is owned 17% by two large camera makers, Sony and Mitsubishi (makers of Nikon).

Products

Cameras and audio

In 1936, Olympus introduced its first camera, the Semi-Olympus I. The first innovative camera series from Olympus was the Pen, launched in 1959. The half-frame format, allowing 72 pictures of 18 × 24mm format on a standard 36 exposure roll of film, made Pen cameras compact and portable for their time.

Olympus OM Lenses

The Pen system design team, led by Yoshihisa Maitani, later created the OM system, a full-frame professional 35mm SLR system designed to compete with Nikon and Canon's bestsellers. The OM system introduced a new trend towards more compact cameras and lenses, being much smaller than its competitors and presenting innovative design features such as off-the-film (OTF) metering and OTF flash automation. Eventually the system included 14 different bodies, approximately 60 Zuiko-branded lenses, and numerous camera accessories.

Olympus Quick Flash camera

In 1983, Olympus, along with Canon, branded a range of video recording equipment manufactured by JVC, and called it "Olympus Video Photography", even employing renowned photographer Terance Donovan to promote the range. A second version of the system was available the year after, but this was Olympus' last foray into the world of consumer video equipment until digital cameras became popular.

Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, who was later to become President of Olympus, foresaw the demand for the digital SLR, and is credited with the company's strategy in digital photography. He fought for commitment by Olympus to enter the market in high-resolution photographic products. As a result of his efforts, Olympus released an 810,000-pixel digital camera for the mass market in 1996, when the resolution of rivals' offerings were less than half.[17] The very next year, Olympus hit the market with a 1.41 million pixel camera. By 2001, the company's annual turnover from digital photography was in excess of ¥100 billion.[17] Olympus manufactures compact digital cameras and is the designer of the Four-Thirds System standard for digital single-lens reflex cameras. Olympus' Four Thirds system flagship DSLR camera is the E-5 released in 2010. Olympus is also the largest manufacturer of Four-Thirds lenses, under the Zuiko brand.

At one time, Olympus cameras used only the proprietary xD-Picture Card for storage media. This storage solution is less popular than more common formats, and recent cameras can use SD and CompactFlash cards. The most recent development is Olympus' focus on the Micro Four Thirds system.

Olympus first introduced the Microcassette. The Olympus Pearlcorder L400, released in the 1980s, was the smallest and lightest Microcassette Voice recorder ever offered for sale, 2.9 (L) × 0.8 (H) × 2.0 in. (W) / 73 (L) × 20 (H) × 52 (W) 3.2 oz (91 g).[18]

In 2012, the company announced that Sony and Fujifilm had offered forming a capital alliance and the company would focus on Mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras (MILC).[19]

Medical and surgical

Olympus manufactures endoscopic, ultrasound, electrocautery, endotherapy, and cleaning and disinfection equipment. The first flexible Endoscope in the world was co-developed and manufactured by Olympus in Tokyo.[20] Through its comprehensive product range and its reactivity to market innovations, Olympus enjoys a virtual stranglehold of the world market in gastro-intestinal endoscopes. It has roughly 70% share of the global market whose estimated valued at US$2.5 billion.[21] On 28 September 2012, Olympus and Sony announced that the two companies will establish a joint venture to develop new surgical endoscopes with 4K resolution (or higher) and 3D capability.[22]

Scientific

Since the beginning, the company has also been a manufacturer of microscopes and optics for specialised needs, such as medical use. The first microscope manufactured at Olympus was called the Asahi.[23] Currently, Olympus is a worldwide renowned manufacturer of microscopes. Olympus offers a complete range of microscopes, which covers applications from education and routine studies up to state of the art research imaging systems both in life science and materials science.

Olympus Scientific Solutions Americas Corporation is a Waltham, Massachusetts-based manufacturer, and is a subsidiary of Olympus Corporation. One of its companies, for example, is Olympus Imaging and Measuring Systems, specializing in imaging instruments for testing and measurement during industrial inspections.

Industrial

Olympus manufactures and sells industrial scanners, flaw detectors, probes and transducers, thickness gages, digital cameras, image analysis software, industrial videoscopes, fiberscopes, light sources, XRF and XRD analyzers, and high-speed video cameras.

Name and logo

Corporate affairs

Ownership

Shareholding in Olympus is dispersed, and the company's key institutional investors are largely passive.[24] As of 31 March 2011, investors include Nippon Life Insurance (8.4%), Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi (4.98%), and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking (3.13%), and the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (2.55%). Foreign institutions and individuals speak for 27.71% of Olympus shares.[24][25] On 28 September 2012, Olympus and Sony announced that Olympus will receive a 50 billion yen capital injection from Sony. On 22 February 2013, Sony became the largest shareholder (11.46%) of Olympus.

Governance

According to its 2011 Annual Report, Olympus was governed by a 15-person board of directors, with Tsuyoshi Kikukawa its President and CEO, and Michael C. Woodford as President and chief operating officer. Mr Kikukawa resigned in the following year and was arrested by Tokyo police for alleged criminal offenses during and before his term as president and CEO. The corporation in 2011 had three "outside directors".[26] It has a four-member 'Board of Auditors' which supervises and audits directors' performance. The company's executive committee consists of 28 members, responsible for the day-to-day operations.[27]

2011 accounting scandal

Main article: Olympus scandal

On 1 April 2011, Michael Woodford, 51, was named president and chief operating officer – the first ever foreigner to hold the position – replacing Kikukawa, who became chairman. Woodford, an Olympus veteran of 30-years, was previously executive managing director of Olympus Medical Systems Europa. Olympus appointed Woodford its CEO six months later, but the board suddenly removed him as chief executive two weeks into the job, while allowing him to retain his board seat.[28]

Woodford alleged that his removal was linked to several prior acquisitions he questioned, particularly the US$2.2 billion deal in 2008 to acquire British medical equipment maker Gyrus Group. Thomson Reuters reported that US$687 million was paid to a middle-man as a success fee – a sum equal to 31% of the purchase price, and which ranks as the highest ever M&A fee.[28] According to the Daily Telegraph, some of the sums paid out relating to the acquisition of a technology company ITX were also under examination.[8] Woodford noted that an article in Japanese financial magazine Facta in July prompted his suspicion of the transactions.[24] Reports also said the company acquired three other Japanese companies outside its core business, and recognised that the assets were worth US$721 million less than their acquisition value 12 months previously.[29]

Shareholders expressed concern after Olympus' share price nearly halved in value following the Woodford revelations, and asked for "prompt action".[6][28] Following his dismissal, Woodford passed on information to the British Serious Fraud Office, and requested police protection. He said the payments may have been linked to "forces behind" the Olympus board.[6] Japanese newspaper Sankei suggest that a total of $1.5bn in acquisition-related advisory payments could be linked to the Yakuza.[8]

The company responded on 19 October that "major differences had arisen between Mr. Woodford and other management regarding the direction and conduct of the company’s business". On the Gyrus acquisition, it also declared the Audit Board's view that "no dishonesty or illegality is found in the transaction itself, nor any breach of obligation to good management or any systematic errors by the directors recognised."[28] On 26 October, the company announced that in order to assuage shareholders' concerns, Kikukawa resigned as chairman; he was replaced by Shuichi Takayama. Olympus shares rebounded 23 percent.[29][30]

On 8 November 2011, the company admitted that the money had been used to cover losses on investments dating to the 1990s[7] and that company's accounting practice was "not appropriate", thus coming clean on "one of the biggest and longest-running loss-hiding arrangements in Japanese corporate history", according to the Wall Street Journal. The company laid the blame for the inappropriate accounting on ex-president Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, auditor Hideo Yamada, and executive VP Hisashi Mori.[10]

On 21 December 2011, Japanese authorities, including the Tokyo prosecutor's office, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police and the Japanese Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission, raided the company's offices in Tokyo.[31]

In February 2012, seven Olympus executives were arrested by Japanese police and prosecutors. Ex-president Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, former executive vice president Hisashi Mori, and former auditor Hideo Yamada were taken into custody on suspicion of violating the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law, along with former bankers Akio Nakagawa and Nobumasa Yokoo and two others, suspected of having helped the board hide significant losses.[12] On 25 September 2012, the company and Kikukawa, Yamada, and Mori pleaded guilty to collusion to submit false financial reports.[32]

2016 bribery scandal

During 2006-2011, the Olympus corporation has sold over 7 billion dollars of medical devices in the US market and almost 600 million dollars of that amount was used for various kickbacks including grants, bribes, gifts, and other forms of bribes according to US attorney Paul Fishman. On March 1, 2016, the Olympus has agreed to pay 646 million dollars of fines to US authority. [33]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Olympus History: Origin of Our Name". Retrieved 16 January 2007.
  2. 1 2 Outline, Olympus, archived from the original on 16 Nov 2011, retrieved 16 Nov 2011.
  3. 1 2 "Sony Corp halves stake in Olympus to raise funds for growth". Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  4. ↑ "Founding". History of Olympus. Olympus. Retrieved 16 January 2007.
  5. ↑ "Former Olympus boss Michael Woodford gets settlement". BBC News.
  6. 1 2 3 Russell, Jonathan (21 Oct 2011). "Olympus launches investigation into M&A fees". Daily Telegraph. retrieved 24 October 2011.
  7. 1 2 Soble, Jonathan (29 September 2011). "Olympus used takeover fees to hide losses". Financial Times. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 Russell, Jonathan (23 Oct 2011). "Huge Olympus fees have 'underworld links'". Daily Telegraph. retrieved 24 October 2011.
  9. 1 2 "Michael Woodford: Unbowed despite the death threats". The Independent.
  10. 1 2 "Olympus President: Will Do Utmost To Avoid Delisting". The Wall Street Journal. 7 November 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  11. 1 2 "Former Olympus chief gets £10m payoff". Guardian. 8 June 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  12. 1 2 Reuters (15 February 2012). "Former executives, bankers arrested over Olympus fraud". Reuters.
  13. ↑ Banyan (16 February 2012). "Arrested development". The Economist. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012.
  14. ↑ "Out-of-court settlement for Ex-Olympus CEO Michael Woodford?". The Japan Daily Press.
  15. ↑ "Olympus to Cut 2,700 Jobs, Consider Alliances to Boost Capital". 8 June 2012.
  16. ↑ "Olympus whistleblower wins millions in settlement". 8 June 2012.
  17. 1 2 "Dismissed CEO Turns Focus on Troubles at Olympus", Nikkei Business. 31 Oct. 2011. Archived from the original on 25 Nov. 2011. Retrieved 25 Nov. 2011
  18. ↑ Thomas, Ralph D. (2006). "Ultra Compact Pearlcorder L400 Micro, 1980s". Thomas Investigative Publications, Inc. Retrieved 3 March 2007.
  19. ↑ "Olympus plans to cut its camera line-up". Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  20. ↑ "OLYMPUS | Olympus History: VOL. 2 Birth of Gastrocameras". Olympus-global.com. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  21. ↑ "Japanese Doctors Flustered and Angry Following Olympus Scandal". 16 November 2011. Medtech Insider. Archived from the original on 28 Nov. 2011. Retrieved 28 Nov. 2011
  22. ↑ "OLYMPUS – Investor Relations: Corporate Disclosure: 2014" (PDF).
  23. ↑ "Olympus History: The Asahi Microscope". Olympus Corporation. Archived from the original on 27 December 2006. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
  24. 1 2 3 Bacani, Cesar (24 October 2011) "The Olympus Scandal: When a Foreign CEO Rebels" (pg 3). CFO Innovation Asia. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  25. ↑ "Investor information (as of 31 March 2011". Olympus Corp. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  26. ↑ "Board of Directors, Corporate Auditors and Executive Officers (as of 29 June 2011)". Olympus Corp. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  27. ↑ "Corporate Governance". Olympus Corp. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  28. 1 2 3 4 Bacani, Cesar (24 October 2011) "The Olympus Scandal: When a Foreign CEO Rebels" (pg 1). CFO Innovation Asia. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  29. 1 2 Yasu, Mariko (27 October 2011). "Olympus's Kikukawa Quits as Axed Woodford Takes Case to FBI", BusinessWeek. Retrieved 27 October 2011
  30. ↑ Cheesman, Chris (26 October 2011). "Olympus chairman quit over 'widespread concerns'" Amateur Photographer. Retrieved 27 October 2011
  31. ↑ "Japanese authorities raid Olympus offices". CNN. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
  32. ↑ Kyodo News, "Ex-Olympus execs plead guilty to hiding losses", Japan Times, 26 September 2012, p. 1
  33. ↑ CNN (2 March 2016). "Whistleblower wins $51 million in kickback and bribery case". CNNMoney.

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