Periodic table (large cells)

This page shows large-cell versions of the periodic table. For each element name, symbol, atomic number, and mean atomic mass value for the natural isotopic composition of each element are shown. The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the chemical elements.

The two layout forms originate from two graphic forms of presentation of the same periodic table. Historically, when the f-block was identified it was drawn below the existing table, with markings for its in-table location (this page uses dots or asterisks). Also, a common presentation is to put all 15 lanthanide and actinide columns below, while the f-block only has 14 columns. The fifteenth (rightmost) lanthanide and actinide are d-block elements, belonging to group 3, with scandium and yttrium.

Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev intended the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior.^[1]

Content
18-column layout	32-column layout

18-column layout

Periodic table (18-column layout)
Group →	1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
	Alkali metal	Alkaline earth metal												Boron group	Carbon group	Pnictogen	Chalcogen	Halogen	Noble gas
CAS:	IA	IIA		IIIB	IVB	VB	VIB	VIIB	VIIIB			IB	IIB	IIIA	IVA	VA	VIA	VIIA	VIIIA
old IUPAC:	IA	IIA		IIIA	IVA	VA	VIA	VIIA	VIII			IB	IIB	IIIB	IVB	VB	VIB	VIIB	0
↓ Period 1	Hydrogen 1 H 1.00794(7)	→ name of element atomic number chemical symbol relative atomic mass(±)																	Helium 2 He 4.002602(2)
2	Lithium 3 Li 6.941(2)	Beryllium 4 Be 9.012182(3)												Boron 5 B 10.811(7)	Carbon 6 C 12.0107(8)	Nitrogen 7 N 14.0067(2)	Oxygen 8 O 15.9994(3)	Fluorine 9 F 18.9984032(5)	Neon 10 Ne 20.1797(6)
3	Sodium 11 Na 22.98976928(2)	Magnesium 12 Mg 24.3050(6)												Aluminium 13 Al 26.9815386(8)	Silicon 14 Si 28.0855(3)	Phosphorus 15 P 30.973762(2)	Sulphur 16 S 32.065(5)	Chlorine 17 Cl 35.453(2)	Argon 18 Ar 39.948(1)
4	Potassium 19 K 39.0983(1)	Calcium 20 Ca 40.078(4)		Scandium 21 Sc 44.955912(6)	Titanium 22 Ti 47.867(1)	Vanadium 23 V 50.9415(1)	Chromium 24 Cr 51.9961(6)	Manganese 25 Mn 54.938045(5)	Iron 26 Fe 55.845(2)	Cobalt 27 Co 58.933195(5)	Nickel 28 Ni 58.6934(2)	Copper 29 Cu 63.546(3)	Zinc 30 Zn 65.409(4)	Gallium 31 Ga 69.723(1)	Germanium 32 Ge 72.64(1)	Arsenic 33 As 74.92160(2)	Selenium 34 Se 78.96(3)	Bromine 35 Br 79.904(1)	Krypton 36 Kr 83.798(2)
5	Rubidium 37 Rb 85.4678(3)	Strontium 38 Sr 87.62(1)		Yttrium 39 Y 88.90585(2)	Zirconium 40 Zr 91.224(2)	Niobium 41 Nb 92.90638(2)	Molybdenum 42 Mo 95.94(2)	Technetium 43 Tc [98]	Ruthenium 44 Ru 101.07(2)	Rhodium 45 Rh 102.90550(2)	Palladium 46 Pd 106.42(1)	Silver 47 Ag 107.8682(2)	Cadmium 48 Cd 112.411(8)	Indium 49 In 114.818(3)	Tin 50 Sn 118.710(7)	Antimony 51 Sb 121.760(1)	Tellurium 52 Te 127.60(3)	Iodine 53 I 126.90447(3)	Xenon 54 Xe 131.293(6)
6	Caesium 55 Cs 132.9054519(2)	Barium 56 Ba 137.327(7)	57–70	Lutetium 71 Lu 174.967(1)	Hafnium 72 Hf 178.49(2)	Tantalum 73 Ta 180.94788(2)	Tungsten 74 W 183.84(1)	Rhenium 75 Re 186.207(1)	Osmium 76 Os 190.23(3)	Iridium 77 Ir 192.217(3)	Platinum 78 Pt 195.084(9)	Gold 79 Au 196.966569(4)	Mercury 80 Hg 200.59(2)	Thallium 81 Tl 204.3833	Lead 82 Pb 207.2(1)	Bismuth 83 Bi 208.98040(1)	Polonium 84 Po [209]	Astatine 85 At [210]	Radon 86 Rn [222]
7	Francium 87 Fr [223]	Radium 88 Ra [226]	89–102	Lawrencium 103 Lr [262]	Rutherfordium 104 Rf [261]	Dubnium 105 Db [262]	Seaborgium 106 Sg [266]	Bohrium 107 Bh [264]	Hassium 108 Hs [277]	Meitnerium 109 Mt [268]	Darmstadtium 110 Ds [271]	Roentgenium 111 Rg [272]	Copernicium 112 Cn [285]	Ununtrium 113 Uut [286]	Flerovium 114 Fl [289]	Ununpentium 115 Uup [289]	Livermorium 116 Lv [293]	Ununseptium 117 Uus [294]	Ununoctium 118 Uuo [294]
				Lanthanum 57 La 138.90547(7)	Cerium 58 Ce 140.116(1)	Praseodymium 59 Pr 140.90765(2)	Neodymium 60 Nd 144.242(3)	Promethium 61 Pm [145]	Samarium 62 Sm 150.36(2)	Europium 63 Eu 151.964(1)	Gadolinium 64 Gd 157.25(3)	Terbium 65 Tb 158.92535(2)	Dysprosium 66 Dy 162.500(1)	Holmium 67 Ho 164.93032(2)	Erbium 68 Er 167.259(3)	Thulium 69 Tm 168.93421(2)	Ytterbium 70 Yb 173.04(3)
				Actinium 89 Ac [227]	Thorium 90 Th 232.03806(2)	Protactinium 91 Pa 231.03588(2)	Uranium 92 U 238.02891(3)	Neptunium 93 Np [237]	Plutonium 94 Pu [244]	Americium 95 Am [243]	Curium 96 Cm [247]	Berkelium 97 Bk [247]	Californium 98 Cf [251]	Einsteinium 99 Es [252]	Fermium 100 Fm [257]	Mendelevium 101 Md [258]	Nobelium 102 No [259]

Legend

black=solid green=liquid red=gas gray=unknown Color of the atomic number shows state of matter (at 0 °C and 1 atm)

Primordial From decay Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element

Background color shows subcategory in the metal–metalloid–nonmetal trend: Metal Metalloid Nonmetal Unknown chemical properties Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Lan­thanide Actinide Transition metal Post-​transition metal Polyatomic nonmetal Diatomic nonmetal Noble gas

32-column layout

Periodic table (32-column layout)
Group →	1	2															3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
	Alkali metal	Alkaline earth metal																									Boron group	Carbon group	Pnictogen	Chalcogen	Halogen	Noble gas
CAS:	IA	IIA															IIIB	IVB	VB	VIB	VIIB	VIIIB			IB	IIB	IIIA	IVA	VA	VIA	VIIA	VIIIA
old IUPAC:	IA	IIA															IIIA	IVA	VA	VIA	VIIA	VIII			IB	IIB	IIIB	IVB	VB	VIB	VIIB	0
↓ Period
1	Hydrogen 1 H 1.00794	→ name of element atomic number chemical symbol relative atomic mass(±)																														Helium 2 He 4.002602
2	Lithium 3 Li 6.941	Beryllium 4 Be 9.012182																									Boron 5 B 10.811	Carbon 6 C 12.0107	Nitrogen 7 N 14.0067	Oxygen 8 O 15.9994	Fluorine 9 F 18.9984032	Neon 10 Ne 20.1797
3	Sodium 11 Na 22.98976928	Magnesium 12 Mg 24.3050																									Aluminium 13 Al 26.9815386	Silicon 14 Si 28.0855	Phosphorus 15 P 30.973762	Sulfur 16 S 32.065	Chlorine 17 Cl 35.453	Argon 18 Ar 39.948
4	Potassium 19 K 39.0983	Calcium 20 Ca 40.078															Scandium 21 Sc 44.955912	Titanium 22 Ti 47.867	Vanadium 23 V 50.9415	Chromium 24 Cr 51.9961	Manganese 25 Mn 54.938045	Iron 26 Fe 55.845	Cobalt 27 Co 58.933195	Nickel 28 Ni 58.6934	Copper 29 Cu 63.546	Zinc 30 Zn 65.38	Gallium 31 Ga 69.723	Germanium 32 Ge 72.63	Arsenic 33 As 74.92160	Selenium 34 Se 78.96	Bromine 35 Br 79.904	Krypton 36 Kr 83.798
5	Rubidium 37 Rb 85.4678	Strontium 38 Sr 87.62															Yttrium 39 Y 88.90585	Zirconium 40 Zr 91.224	Niobium 41 Nb 92.90638	Molybdenum 42 Mo 95.96	Technetium 43 Tc [98]	Ruthenium 44 Ru 101.07	Rhodium 45 Rh 102.90550	Palladium 46 Pd 106.42	Silver 47 Ag 107.8682	Cadmium 48 Cd 112.411	Indium 49 In 114.818	Tin 50 Sn 118.710	Antimony 51 Sb 121.760	Tellurium 52 Te 127.60	Iodine 53  I  126.90447	Xenon 54 Xe 131.293
6	Caesium 55 Cs 132.9054519	Barium 56 Ba 137.327	Lanthanum 57 La 138.90547	Cerium 58 Ce 140.116	Praseodymium 59 Pr 140.90765	Neodymium 60 Nd 144.241	Promethium 61 Pm [145]	Samarium 62 Sm 150.36	Europium 63 Eu 151.964	Gadolinium 64 Gd 157.25	Terbium 65 Tb 158.92535	Dysprosium 66 Dy 162.500	Holmium 67 Ho 164.93032	Erbium 68 Er 167.259	Thulium 69 Tm 168.93421	Ytterbium 70 Yb 173.054	Lutetium 71 Lu 174.9668	Hafnium 72 Hf 178.49	Tantalum 73 Ta 180.94788	Tungsten 74 W 183.84	Rhenium 75 Re 186.207	Osmium 76 Os 190.23	Iridium 77 Ir 192.217	Platinum 78 Pt 195.084	Gold 79 Au 196.966569	Mercury 80 Hg 200.59	Thallium 81 Tl 204.3833	Lead 82 Pb 207.2	Bismuth 83 Bi 208.98040	Polonium 84 Po [210]	Astatine 85 At [210]	Radon 86 Rn [222]
7	Francium 87 Fr [223]	Radium 88 Ra [226]	Actinium 89 Ac [227]	Thorium 90 Th 232.03806	Protactinium 91 Pa 231.03588	Uranium 92 U 238.02891	Neptunium 93 Np [237]	Plutonium 94 Pu [244]	Americium 95 Am [243]	Curium 96 Cm [247]	Berkelium 97 Bk [247]	Californium 98 Cf [251]	Einsteinium 99 Es [252]	Fermium 100 Fm [257]	Mendelevium 101 Md [258]	Nobelium 102 No [259]	Lawrencium 103 Lr [266]	Rutherfordium 104 Rf [267]	Dubnium 105 Db [268]	Seaborgium 106 Sg [269]	Bohrium 107 Bh [270]	Hassium 108 Hs [269]	Meitnerium 109 Mt [278]	Darmstadtium 110 Ds [281]	Roentgenium 111 Rg [282]	Copernicium 112 Cn [285]	Ununtrium 113 Uut [286]	Flerovium 114 Fl [289]	Ununpentium 115 Uup [289]	Livermorium 116 Lv [293]	Ununseptium 117 Uus [294]	Ununoctium 118 Uuo [294]

Legend

black=solid green=liquid red=gas gray=unknown Color of the atomic number shows state of matter (at 0 °C and 1 atm)

Primordial From decay Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element

Background color shows subcategory in the metal–metalloid–nonmetal trend: Metal Metalloid Nonmetal Unknown chemical properties Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Lan­thanide Actinide Transition metal Post-​transition metal Polyatomic nonmetal Diatomic nonmetal Noble gas

References

• IUPAC periodic table (Retrieved 20 June 2005)
• WebElements Periodic table (professional edition) (Retrieved 20 June 2005)
• Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107–1122, 2003
• IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
• IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry Third Edition

Notes

1. "The periodic table of the elements". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2007-07-22. Retrieved 2008-02-08.