Shanghai Metro

Shanghai Metro
Overview
Owner Shanghai Municipal Government
Locale Shanghai and Kunshan, Jiangsu
Transit type Rapid transit
Number of lines 14[note 1]
Number of stations 364[note 2]
Daily ridership 8.41 million (2015 avg.)[1]
11.299 million (record)[2]
Annual ridership 3.068 billion (2015)[1]
Website www.shmetro.com
Operation
Began operation May 28, 1993 (1993-05-28)
Operator(s) Shanghai Shentong Metro Group
Technical
System length 588 km (365.4 mi)[3][note 1]
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification DC 1500 V overhead line; (Line 16) DC 1500 V third-rail
Shanghai Metro
Simplified Chinese 上海轨道交通
Traditional Chinese 上海軌道交通
Literal meaning Shanghai Rail Transit
Commonly abbreviated as
Simplified Chinese 上海地铁
Traditional Chinese 上海地鐵
Literal meaning Shanghai Subway

The Shanghai Metro is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, China, operating urban and suburban rail transit services to 13 of its 16 municipal districts (except Fengxian, Jinshan and Chongming) and to Huaqiao Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. Opening in 1993 with full-scale construction extending back to 1986, Shanghai Metro is the third oldest rapid transit system in China, after the Beijing Subway and the Tianjin Metro. It has seen substantial growth over the decades, especially during the years leading up to the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, and is still expanding, with its most recent expansions having opened in December 2015. It is the largest component of the Shanghai metropolitan rail transit network, together with the Shanghai Maglev Train, the Zhangjiang Tram and the China Railway-operated commuter rail services to Jinshan and to Lingang New City in Pudong.

Currently, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's largest rapid transit system by route length[4][5][6][7][8] and second largest by number of stations[note 2], with 14 lines[note 1] and 364 stations totaling 588 kilometres (365 mi).[9][note 1] It also ranks second in the world by annual ridership after Beijing, with 3.068 billion rides delivered in 2015.[1] The daily ridership record was set at 11.299 million on April 1, 2016,[2] while over 10 million people use the system on an average workday.[10]

On 16 October 2013, with the extension of Line 11 into Kunshan, Jiangsu province, Shanghai Metro became the first rapid transit system in China to provide cross-provincial service. Further plans to connect the Shanghai Metro with the metro systems of Suzhou and Wuxi are under active review.[11] Ambitious expansion plans call for 25 Lines with over 1,000 km of length by 2025.[12]

Lines and services

Line 1
Line 2
Line 11
Line 9
For the Maglev Train and the China Railway-operated service formerly denoted Line 22, see Shanghai Maglev Train and Jinshan Railway.

Lines and services are denoted numerically as well as by characteristic colors, which are used as a visual aid for better distinction on station signage and on the exterior of trains, in the form of a colored block or belt.

Unlike in other systems such as the New York City Subway, most tracks in the Shanghai Metro system are served by a single service; thus "Line X" usually refers both to the physical line and its service. The only exception is the segment shared by Lines 3 and 4, between Hongqiao Road Station and Baoshan Road Station, where both services use the same tracks and platforms. Otherwise, transfers between intersecting lines are possible through in-station connecting passageways.

Partial service patterns

Partial service patterns exist on Lines 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11, whereby some trains serve only a (usually busier) sub-segment of the entire physical line. In addition, Line 2 has a piecewise service pattern whereby the suburban segment between Guanglan Road Station and Pudong International Airport Station is served by a 4-car fleet separately. Passengers traveling across Guanglan Road on Line 2 must change trains across the platform at Guanglan Road.

With the exception of Line 16, all trains make all stops along its service route. Line 16 is built with an express track, and operates a rush-hour, peak-direction express service. The plan was canceled in January 30, 2014. But it was reopened on March 21,2016. [13] [14]

All trains in the Shanghai Metro display destinations in Simplified Chinese and English, and make announcements in Standard Mandarin, English, and (on line 16 only) Shanghainese of stops, and to indicate direction as well as partial/full-length service patterns.[15]

Line Terminals
(District)		 Service patterns Opened Newest
extension		 Length
km		 Stations
     Line 1 Fujin Road
(Baoshan)		 Xinzhuang
(Minhang)		 Fujin Road <> Xinzhuang
Partial: Shanghai Railway Station <> Xinzhuang		 1993 2007 36.4 28
     Line 2
East Xujing
(Qingpu)		 Pudong International Airport
(Pudong)		 East Xujing <> Guanglan Road
Partial: Songhong Road <> Guanglan Road
Suburban segment: Guanglan Road <> Pudong International Airport		 1999 2010 63.8 30
     Line 3 North Jiangyang Road
(Baoshan)		 Shanghai South Railway Station
(Xuhui)		 North Jiangyang Road <> Shanghai South Railway Station
Partial: South Changjiang Road <> Shanghai South Railway Station		 2000 2006 40.3 29
     Line 4
loop		 Yishan Road
(Xuhui)		 Yishan Road
(Xuhui)		 Loop line; certain trains terminate at Yishan Road 2005 2007 33.7 26
     Line 5 Xinzhuang
(Minhang)		 Minhang Development Zone
(Minhang)		 Xinzhuang <> Minhang Development Zone 2003 — 17.2 11
     Line 6 Gangcheng Road
(Pudong)		 Oriental Sports Center
(Pudong)		 Gangcheng Road <> Oriental Sports Center
Partial: Jufeng Road <> Gaoqing Road		 2007 2011 32.3 28
     Line 7 Meilan Lake
(Baoshan)		 Huamu Road
(Pudong)		 Meilan Lake <> Huamu Road
Partial: Shanghai University <> Huamu Road		 2009 2014 44.2 33
     Line 8 Shiguang Road
(Yangpu)		 Shendu Highway
(Minhang)		 Shiguang Road <> Shendu Highway
Partial: Middle Yanji Road <> Oriental Sports Center		 2007 2011 37.4 30
     Line 9 Songjiang South Railway Station
(Songjiang)		 Middle Yanggao Road
(Pudong)		 Songjiang South Railway Station <> Middle Yanggao Road
Partial: Sheshan <> Middle Yanggao Road		 2007 2012 52.1 26
     Line 10 Xinjiangwancheng
(Yangpu)		 Hongqiao Railway Station (Minhang)
Hangzhong Road (Minhang)		 Xinjiangwancheng <> Hongqiao Railway Station
Xinjiangwancheng <> Hangzhong Road		 2010 2010 35.4 31
     Line 11 North Jiading (Jiading)
Huaqiao (Kunshan, Jiangsu)		 Disney Resort
(Pudong)		 Huaqiao <> Sanlin
North Jiading <> Disney Resort		 2009 2016 82.4[note 3] 38
     Line 12 Qixin Road
(Minhang)		 Jinhai Road
(Pudong)		 Qixin Road <> Jinhai Road
Hongmei Road <> Jufeng Road		 2013 2015 40.4 32
     Line 13 Shibo Avenue
(Pudong)		 Jinyun Road
(Jiading)		 Shibo Avenue <> Jinyun Road 2012 2015 22.0 19
     Line 16 Longyang Road
(Pudong)		 Dishui Lake
(Pudong)		 Longyang Road <> Dishui Lake 2013 2014 59 13
Total 588
[3][note 1]		 364
[note 2]

Stations

Line 4
Line 7
Line 10

Transfer stations

There are two types of transfer stations: physical transfer stations and transit-card only ones. In a physical transfer station, passengers can transfer between subway lines without exiting a fare zone. In a transit-card only transfer station, however, passengers have to exit and re-enter fare zones as they transfer from one subway line to another. In order to receive a discounted fare, passengers must use a Shanghai public transport card (SPTC) instead of Single-Ride tickets.

Transit-card only transfer stations

A transit-card only transfer station is a station where two lines meet, but unlike a physical interchange, there is no direct pathway between them within the paid fare area. Passengers wishing to interchange must exit the paid fare area for the first line, walk a short distance on the street, and re-enter the paid fare area for the second line. Since June 1, 2008, passengers interchanging using a Shanghai public transport card have their trip regarded as one journey and the distance will be accumulated for fare calculation. Passengers must exit a station and re-enter another within 30 minutes using the same Shanghai public transport card. Those using single-ride tickets cannot use virtual transfers and must purchase a new ticket.

In some cases virtual interchanges in place during a period of construction were superseded by physical interchanges at the completion of the construction. For example, Hongkou Football Stadium Station was previously a virtual interchange between Line 3 and Line 8. Another previously virtual interchange was South Shaanxi Road Station between Line 1 and Line 10; after the opening of an extension of line 12 to the station in December 2015 transfers among all three lines became a physical interchange.

The current virtual interchanges are:

Transport hubs

The busiest station in Shanghai Metro system is People's Square station (Lines 1, 2 and 8). As the interchange station for three lines, it is extremely crowded during peak hours. It remains busy during the rest of the day as it is located near major shopping and tourist destinations such as Nanjing Road (E.) Pedestrian Street as well as the Shanghai Museum, People's Park, the Shanghai Grand Theatre and Yan'an Park on People's Square. It has the second largest number of exits (totalling 17) in the stations of the metro system.

Xujiahui (Lines 1, 9 and 11) is located in the major Xujiahui commercial center of Shanghai. Six large shopping malls and eight large office towers are each within a three-minute walk of one of the station's exits, numbering a total of 18 since the addition of the four in the Line 9 part of the station that opened in December 2009. This is the largest number of exits of all the stations on the system. This station is also widely used as a pedestrian tunnel across the wide roads.

Lujiazui (Line 2) is the major station in Pudong area. It is situated in the heart of Lujiazui financial district, the financial center of Shanghai. The city's iconic landmarks, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Jin Mao Tower and Shanghai World Financial Centre are all within walking distance of the station. In contrast to Xujiahui and People's Square, Lujiazui is not particularly busy during off-peak hours or at weekends as it is located in financial district of Shanghai.

Shanghai Railway Station (Lines 1, 3 and 4) is a major transportation hub in Shanghai, containing the railway station, two subway lines and the stop for many city bus lines as well as interprovincial buses. These bus lines will soon be housed in a brand-new bus station. The line 1 platform is in the South square while platforms for line 3/4 are in the North square. These two platforms are technically separate stations, so interchange is only possible between lines 3/4. A transfer to the line 1 platform requires a SPTC or a new ticket.

Zhongshan Park Station (Lines 2, 3 and 4) is a heavily trafficked station due to the large shopping malls and hotel immediately above it.

Century Avenue Station (Lines 2, 4, 6 and 9) is the largest interchange station in the Shanghai Metro system.

Pudong International Airport (Line 2) is the eastern terminus of Line 2. It serves the airport of the same name in Shanghai. The station also provides a transfer with the Shanghai Maglev Train to Longyang Road.

Shibo Avenue (Line 13) served the main entrance of the Shanghai Expo. It was closed at the end of the expo and reopened on 19 December 2015.


Timeline

Evolution of the Shanghai Metro

Ticket system

Jiaotong University Station
Dabaishu Station

Like many other metro systems in the world, Shanghai Metro uses a distance-based fare system. As of September 15, 2005, after Shanghai Municipal Government raised the price, fares range from 3 yuan for journeys under 6 km, to 10 yuan for journeys over 6 km.

As of December 25, 2005, Shanghai uses a "one-ticket network", which means that interchanging is possible between all interchange stations without the purchase of another ticket where available. In the event of riding beyond the value of one's ticket, the user may pay the difference at a Service Center near the main turnstiles.

Since June 1, 2008, users of the Shanghai public transport card can interchange at Shanghai Railway Station, and Hongkou Stadium without paying another base fare. (see section on virtual interchange stations above).

Fares

Single Journey ticket

Single-ride tickets can be purchased from ticket vending machines, and at some stations, at a ticket window. Single-ride tickets are embedded with RFID contactless chips. When entering the system riders tap the ticket against a scanner above the turnstile, and on exit they insert the ticket into a slot where it is stored and recycled.

Transit card

In addition to a Single-Ride ticket, fare can be paid using a Shanghai public transport card. This RFID-embedded card can be purchased at selected banks, convenience stores and metro stations with a 20-yuan deposit. This card can be loaded at ticket booths, Service Centers at the metro stations as well as many small convenience stores and banks throughout the city. The Shanghai Public Transportation Card can also be used to pay for other forms of transportation, such as taxi or bus.

This transit card is similar to the Oyster card of the London Underground (and other London transport systems), Chicago card of the CTA and the Octopus card of Hong Kong's MTR.

One-day pass

A one-day pass was introduced for the Expo 2010 held in Shanghai. The fare for the calendar day was set at 18 yuan, for unlimited travel within the metro system. This is not available through vending machines, but has to be purchased at Service Centers at metro stations.[44]

Three-day pass

A three-day pass is available for Shanghai Metro. The fare for three days was set at 45 yuan, for unlimited travel within the metro system. This is not available through vending machines, but has to be purchased at Service Centers at metro stations.

Infrastructure

Platform screen doors installed at Xujiahui Station
Inside a Line 2 train.

Gauge

Standard gauge is used throughout the network, allowing new train equipment to be transported over the Chinese rail network which uses the same gauge.

Stations

Almost all stations, except elevated sections and Line 2, have platform screen doors with sliding acrylic glass at the platform edge. The train stops with its doors lined-up with the sliding doors on the platform edge and open when the train doors open, and are closed at other times. These screens are also being retrofitted on existing lines, starting with Line 1 whose core stations had doors by the end of 2006. On Line 2 and elevated sections(Line 3 and partly 4), the platform has sliding safety doors that reach only halfway up from the ground called Automatic platform gates.

Rolling stock

Train sets used by the Metro system:

Most lines currently use 6 car sets, exceptions include:

Signalling

Shanghai Metro lines 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are equipped with CBTC systems capable of headways as low as 90 seconds.[45]

Power supply

In contrast to many other metro systems in the world, the Shanghai Metro uses overhead wires for the power supply, except for Line 16 which uses third rail.

On Line 2, Siemens Transportation Systems equipped the line with an overhead contact line (cantilever material: galvanized steel) and 7 DC traction power supply substations.[46]

Passenger information systems

Plasma screens on the platforms show passengers when the next two trains are coming, along with advertisements and public service announcements. The subway cars contain LCD screens showing advertisements and on some lines, the next stop, while above-ground trains have LED screens showing the next stop. The LED screens are being phased in on Line 1 and are also included in lines 7 and 9, two underground lines. There are recorded messages stating the next stop in Mandarin, English and (on line 16 only) Shanghainese,[15][47] but the messages stating nearby attractions or shops for a given station (a form of paid advertising) are in Mandarin only. The metro operating company is resistant to expanding use of Shanghainese for announcing stops, on the basis that, on most lines, the majority of passengers can understand either Mandarin or English.[48]

Station signs are in Chinese and English. The Metro authority is testing a new systematic numbering system for stations on Line 10.[49]

Future expansion

The Shanghai Metro system is one of the fastest growing metro systems in the world. Four lines were under construction at the end of 2014, and nine other lines or sections began construction in 2015. By the end of 2020, the network will comprise 18 lines spanning 800 kilometres (497 mi).[50] In addition, there are long-term plans to connect the Shanghai Metro with the Suzhou Rail Transit and Wuxi Metro in neighbouring Jiangsu province.[11]

Planned opening date Route Name Terminals Length (km) Stations Status Notes
2017     Line 5South ExtensionDongchuan Road South Nanqiao Xincheng 17 8 Under construction [50]
     Line 83rd PhaseShendu Highway South Pujin Road 6.644 6 Under construction [50]
     Line 93rd Phase Eastern Section Middle Yanggao Road Caolu Railway Station 13.8 9 Under construction [50]
     Line 17 Hongqiao Railway StationShanghai Oriental Land 35.3 13 Under construction [50]
2018     Line 102nd Phase Xinjiangwancheng Huandong No.1 Avenue 10 6 Under construction [50]
     Line 133rd PhaseShibo Avenue Zhangjiang Road 25.5 12 Under construction [50]
2020      Line 14 Fengbang Jinhui Road 38.5 31 Under construction [50]
     Line 15 Jinqiu Road Zizhu Science-Based Industry Park 42.3 30 Under construction [50]
     Line 18 Changbei Road Hangtou Station 36.8 26 Under construction [50]
2025 and beyond      Line 1 West extension Xinzhuang Humin Rd 1 1 Planned [51]

[52]

     Line 13 West extension Jinyun Rd East Xujing 10 5 Planned
     Line 19 Meilong Yanghang 40 30+ Planned
     Line 20 Shanghai West Railway Station Gongqing Forest Park 20 10+ Planned
     Line 21 Shanghai Int'l Tourism and Resorts Zone Gaohang 28 10+ Planned
     Line 23 Xujiahui Minhang Development Zone 29 20+ Planned
Jiamin Express Line Xinzhuang Jiading Xincheng 42 10+ Planned
Chongming Express Line Rongqiao Road Chongming Island 47 8 Planned
Airport Express Line Pudong Airport Hongqiao Railway Station 68 8 Planned

Incidents

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 This figure excludes Maglev line and Line 22, both often included in Shanghai Metro maps but not considered part of the system.
  2. 1 2 3 337 is the number of stations if interchanges on different lines are counted separately, with the exception of the 9 stations shared by Lines 3 and 4 on the same track. The stations on the Maglev line and Line 22 are not included.
  3. ↑ Kangxin Highway to Disney Station included

References

  1. 1 2 3 2015年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 (in Chinese). shanghai.gov.cn. 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
  2. 1 2 "新年前日上海地铁运送1083万人次创纪录 加班车功劳大" (in Chinese). Eastday. 2016-01-02. Retrieved 2016-01-09.
  3. 1 2 12月19日起 11、12、13号线新延伸段建成试运营. 上海地铁 (in Chinese). 2015-12-17. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
  4. ↑ http://www.citymetric.com/transport/which-city-has-longest-metro-system-1359
  5. ↑ "Statistics Brief World Metro Figures" (pdf). Union Internationale des Transports Publics (UITP) (International Association of Public Transport). October 2014. Retrieved 2014-12-13.
  6. ↑ "Shanghai now the world's longest metro". Railway Gazette. 4 May 2010. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  7. ↑ "Chinese metro boom shows no sign of abating". International Rail Journal. November 19, 2014. Retrieved 23 Nov 2014.
  8. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNCaK4d0GA0
  9. 1 2 13、16号线12月28日新增5站试运营. 上海地铁 (in Chinese). 2014-12-25. Retrieved 2014-12-26.
  10. ↑ "上海地铁工作日客流超千万成为新常态". 凤凰. 2016-03-09. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
  11. 1 2 无锡苏州也将轨交通沪? 目前有规划但尚无时间表. Eastday (in Chinese). 18 October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  12. ↑ http://sh.house.ifeng.com/detail/2016_02_22/50699861_0.shtml
  13. ↑ 12号线、16号线12月29日起载客试运营
  14. ↑ 16号线预计2016年3月21日重新试运行
  15. 1 2 http://sh.sina.com.cn/news/b/2013-12-30/090576042.html
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 20年迈向世界：珍贵老照片展示上海地铁发展. Eastday (in Chinese). 27 May 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  17. 1 2 《上海年鉴1996》>>十四、城市建设·重大工程>>（二）市政基础设施建设
  18. ↑ 《上海年鉴1997》>>十四、城市建设、重大工程>>（二）市政基础设施建设
  19. ↑ 《上海年鉴1997》>>四十四、区>>（十四）闵行区
  20. ↑ 《上海年鉴2000》>>十四、城市建设·重大工程 >>（二）市政基础设施建设
  21. ↑ 《上海年鉴2000》>>二十六、城市管理>>（九）市政设施管理
  22. 1 2 《上海年鉴2001》>>二十六、城市管理>>(五)市内交通管理
  23. ↑ 《上海年鉴2004》>>二十八、城市管理>>(五)市内交通管理
  24. ↑ 《上海年鉴2005》>>>>十五、城市建设与管理>>（三）市政基础设施
  25. ↑ 《上海年鉴2006》>>十五、城市建设与管理 >>(三)市政基础设施
  26. 1 2 《上海年鉴2007》>>十五、城市建设与管理>>（三）市政基础设施
  27. ↑ "上海5条地铁线初定12月28日通车". Sh.eastday.com. 2007-11-28. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 《上海年鉴2008》>>十五、城市建设与管理>>(六)市内交通
  29. ↑ 《上海年鉴2009》>>二十五、城市建设与管理>>（六）市内交通
  30. 1 2 3 4 《上海年鉴2010》>>二十三、城乡建设与管理>>（三）市政基础设施
  31. ↑ 上海轨道交通南北向骨干线路通车 Xinhua Dec. 5, 2009
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 《上海年鉴2011》>>二十一、城乡建设与管理>>（三）市政基础设施
  33. ↑ 2号线明起通至浦东国际机场. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  34. ↑ "上海地铁总长 全球第一". Zaobao.com. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  35. ↑ 轨道交通世博会试运营首日经受考验 Official site of Shanghai Metro. Retrieved on April 21, 2010.
  36. ↑ 直击上海世博会试运行首日：水陆路冷热不均
  37. 1 2 3 《上海年鉴2012》>>十九、城乡建设与管理>>(四)城市交通
  38. ↑ 济阳路地铁站改东方体育中心站
  39. 1 2 Shanghai Metro. Retrieved on December 30, 2012.
  40. ↑ 11号线二期8月31日起通车试运营 (in Chinese). Shanghai Metro. 2013-08-29. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
  41. ↑ 11号线"北上"江苏花桥段明试运营 沪苏交通卡均可使用. Eastday (in Chinese). 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  42. ↑ 上海地铁·新闻中心·12号线、16号线12月29日起载客试运营
  43. ↑ "12号线曲阜路站5月10日起开站迎客". 上海地铁运管中心. 2014-05-05. Retrieved 2014-05-10.
  44. ↑ Signs at the Service points seen on 4–5 July 2010 at the Xujiahui (near Exit 8) and Shanghai West Railway Station.
  45. ↑ "沪部分轨交线明年采用信号系统升级版". Retrieved 2012-11-22.
  46. ↑ "Metro-System Line 2, Shanghai, China". Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  47. ↑ http://shanghaiist.com/2014/01/04/shanghai-metro-announcements-shanghainese.php. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  48. ↑ "上海地铁副总裁指若地铁增加沪语报站是听觉污染". 羊城网. 2014-09-06.
  49. ↑ "Shanghai Daily". Shanghai Daily. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "上海新一轮轨道交通建设全面展开". Shanghai Metro. 2014-12-29.
  51. ↑ Shanghai Municipal Government: City mulls plan for nine more Metro projects. publicnow.com. 20 April 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  52. ↑ 上海市轨道交通近期建设规划（2017-2025）出炉 规划有9条线路 (in Chinese). Shanghai Municipal Government website. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  53. ↑ "Subway snag hits thousands". Chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  54. ↑ "上海地铁发生列车侧面碰撞事故 目前无乘客受伤". Chinanews.com.cn. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  55. ↑ "Woman killed in subway accident in Shanghai". China Daily. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
  56. ↑ "10号线一列车信号升级调试中发生故障". Shmetro.com. 2011-07-29. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  57. ↑ "Signal maker: Not to blame for Shanghai rail crash". AP.

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