Timeline of Polish history
This is a timeline of Polish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Poland and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Poland. See also the list of Polish monarchs and list of Prime Ministers of Poland.
Centuries: 5th · 6th · 7th · 8th · 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th · 18th · 19th · 20th · 21st · See also · Further reading
5th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
450 | First Slavic settlements (to 500) |
10th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
910 | Early stage of the Piast (Giecz-Gniezno area tribe) expansion (to 930) | |
966 | April 14 | Baptism of Poland |
992 | 25 May | Death of Mieszko I |
1000 | March | Congress of Gniezno |
11th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1018 | Expedition to Kiev | |
January 30 | Signing of the Peace of Bautzen | |
1025 | April 18 | Coronation of Bolesław I Chrobry |
June 17 | Death of Bolesław I the Brave | |
December 25 | Coronation of Mieszko II Lambert | |
1032 | Death of Bezprym | |
1034 | 10 May | Death of Mieszko II Lambert |
1038 | People's uprising | |
1058 | November 28 | Death of Casimir I the Restorer |
1076 | December 25 | Coronation of Bolesław II the Bold |
12th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1102 | June 4 | Death of Władysław I Herman |
1138 | October 28 | Death of Bolesław III Wrymouth; birth of Casimir II the Just |
1173 | January 5 | Death of Bolesław IV the Curly |
1182 | The first Sejm | |
1194 | 5 May | Death of Casimir II |
13th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1202 | March 13 | Death of Mieszko III the Old, High Duke of Poland |
1211 | 16 May | Death of Mieszko IV Tanglefoot |
1226 | March 26 | Issuance of Golden Bull of Rimini |
1227 | November 23 | Assassination of Leszek I the White |
1231 | November 3 | Death of Władysław III Spindleshanks |
1238 | March 19 | Death of Henry I the Bearded |
1241 | First Mongol invasion of Poland | |
April 9 | Death of Henry II the Pious | |
1247 | August 31 | Death of Konrad I of Masovia |
1264 | September 8 | Issuance of Statute of Kalisz |
1279 | December 7 | Death of Bolesław V the Chaste |
1288 | September 30 | Death of Leszek II the Black |
1290 | June 23 | Death of Henryk IV Probus |
1295 | June 26 | Coronation of Przemysł II |
1296 | February 8 | Assassination of Przemysł II |
1300 | August | Coronation of Wenceslaus II |
14th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1305 | June 21 | Death of Wenceslaus II |
1306 | August 4 | Assassination of Wenceslaus III |
1308 | Teutonic takeover of Danzig | |
1311 | Rebellion of wójt Albert begins | |
1312 | Rebellion of wójt Albert ends | |
1320 | January 20 | Coronation of Władysław I the Elbow-high |
1326 | Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332) begins | |
1332 | Polish–Teutonic War concludes | |
1333 | March 2 | Death of Władysław I the Elbow-high |
April 25 | Coronation of Casimir III | |
1335 | Congress of Visegrád | |
1339 | Congress of Visegrád | |
1343 | July 8 | Signing of the Treaty of Kalisz |
1347 | Wiślica Statutes | |
1364 | Founding of Jagiellonian University | |
1370 | November 5 | Death of Kazimierz III the Great |
November 17 | Coronation of Louis of Hungary | |
1374 | September 17 | Privilege of Koszyce |
1382 | September 10 | Death of Louis of Hungary |
1384 | October 16 | Coronation of Jadwiga |
1385 | August 14 | Signing of the Union of Krewo |
1386 | March 4 | Coronation of Władysław II Jagiełło |
1399 | July 17 | Death of queen Jadwiga |
15th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1401 | Union of Vilnius and Radom | |
1409 | Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War begins | |
1410 | July 15 | Battle of Grunwald won by Władysław II Jagiełło |
1411 | February 1 | Signing of the First Peace of Thorn (Toruń) concludes the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War |
1412 | November 8 | Signing of the Treaty of Lubowla |
1413 | October 2 | Signing of the Union of Horodło |
1414 | Hunger War | |
1422 | Gollub War begins | |
September 27 | Signing of the Treaty of Melno concludes the Gollub War | |
1424 | Issuance of Edict of Wieluń | |
1431 | Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435) begins | |
1432 | Signing of the Union of Grodno | |
1434 | June 1 | Death of Władysław II Jagiełło |
July 25 | Coronation of Władysław III of Varna | |
1435 | Polish–Teutonic War War concludes | |
1444 | November 10 | Death of Władysław III of Varna |
1447 | June 25 | Coronation of Kazimierz IV Jagiellon |
1454 | Thirteen Years' War begins | |
Statutes of Nieszawa | ||
1466 | October 19 | Signing of the Second Peace of Thorn (Toruń) concludes the Thirteen Years' War |
1473 | Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474 published | |
1478 | War of the Priests begins | |
1479 | War of the Priests ends | |
1492 | June 7 | Death of Kazimierz IV Jagiellon |
September 23 | Coronation of Jan I Olbracht | |
1496 | Statutes of Piotrków | |
1499 | Union of Kraków and Vilnius |
16th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1501 | June 17 | Death of Jan I Olbracht |
October 3 | Union of Mielnik | |
December 12 | Coronation of Alexander Jagiellon | |
1505 | 3 May | Signing of act of Nihil novi |
1506 | August 19 | Death of Alexander Jagiellon |
1507 | January 24 | Coronation of Sigismund I the Old |
1513 | Hortulus Animae, polonice published | |
1515 | July | First Congress of Vienna |
1519 | Polish–Teutonic War begins | |
1521 | Polish–Teutonic War concludes | |
1525 | April 8 | Signing of the Treaty of Kraków |
April 10 | Prussian Homage | |
1526 | Annexation of Duchy of Masovia | |
1530 | February 20 | Coronation of Sigismund II Augustus |
1537 | Chicken War | |
1543 | De revolutionibus orbium coelestium published | |
1548 | April 1 | Death of Zygmunt I the Old |
1558 | Livonian War begins | |
1561 | November 28 | Signing of Wilno Pact |
1563 | Northern Seven Years' War begins | |
1569 | July 1 | Signing of the Union of Lublin |
1570 | Signing of Sandomierz Agreement | |
December 13 | Signing of the Treaty of Stettin concludes the Northern Seven Years' War | |
1572 | July 7 | Death of Zygmunt II August |
1573 | January 28 | Signing of the Warsaw Confederation |
11 May | Election of Henry of Valois | |
1574 | February 21 | Coronation of Henry Valois |
June 18 | Flight of Henry Valois | |
1575 | December 9 | Election of Stephen Báthory |
1576 | 1 May | Coronation of Stephen Batory and Anna Jagiellon |
1579 | Founding of Vilnius University | |
1582 | January 15 | Signing of the Truce of Jam Zapolski concludes Commonwealth participation in the Livonian War |
October 15 | Adoption of Gregorian calendar | |
1586 | December 12 | Death of Stefan Batory |
1587 | August 19 | Election of Sigismund III Vasa |
December 27 | Coronation of Sigismund III Waza | |
1591 | Kosiński Uprising begins | |
1593 | Kosiński Uprising ends | |
1594 | Nalyvaiko Uprising begins | |
1596 | Nalyvaiko Uprising ends | |
Transfer of capital from Kraków to Warsaw | ||
Union of Brest concludes |
17th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1605 | Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18) begins | |
1606 | Zebrzydowski Rebellion begins | |
1618 | Signing of the Truce of Deulino concludes the Polish–Muscovite War | |
1620 | Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21) begins | |
1621 | Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21) ends | |
1625 | Signing of the Treaty of Kurukove | |
1629 | Signing of the Truce of Altmark | |
1632 | Election Sejm | |
Smolensk War begins | ||
April 30 | Death of Sigismund III Waza | |
November 8 | Election of Władysław IV Vasa | |
1633 | Polish–Ottoman War (1633–34) begins | |
February 6 | Coronation of Władysław IV Vasa | |
1634 | Signing of the Treaty of Polanów concludes the Smolensk War | |
Polish–Ottoman War ends | ||
1635 | September 12 | Signing of the Treaty of Sztumska Wieś |
1648 | Khmelnytsky Uprising begins | |
20 May | Death of Władysław IV Waza | |
November 20 | Election of John II Casimir Vasa | |
1649 | January 17 | Coronation of John II Casimir Vasa |
August 17 | Signing of the Treaty of Zboriv | |
1651 | June 14 | Kostka-Napierski Uprising begins |
June 24 | Kostka-Napierski Uprising ends | |
September 28 | Signing of the Treaty of Bila Tserkva | |
1654 | Khmelnytskyi Uprising ends | |
Russo-Polish War begins | ||
1655 | Deluge begins | |
August 18 | Signing of the Union of Kėdainiai | |
December 29 | Tyszowce Confederation formed | |
1657 | September 9 | Signing of the Treaty of Welawa |
November 6 | Signing of the Treaty of Bydgoszcz | |
1658 | September 16 | Signing of the Treaty of Hadiach |
1660 | 3 May | Signing of the Treaty of Oliva concludes the Deluge |
1665 | Lubomirski's Rokosz begins | |
1666 | Lubomirski's Rokosz ends | |
1667 | January 30 | Signing of the Treaty of Andrusovo concludes the Russo-Polish War |
1668 | September 16 | Abdication of John II Casimir Vasa |
1669 | June 16 | Election of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki |
September 29 | Coronation of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki | |
1672 | Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76) begins | |
October 12 | Signing of the Peace of Buczacz | |
1673 | November 10 | Death of Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki |
1674 | 19 May | Election of John III Sobieski |
1676 | February 2 | Coronation of John III Sobieski |
October 17 | Signing of the Treaty of Żurawno concludes the Polish–Ottoman War | |
1683 | September 12 | Battle of Vienna won under command of John III Sobieski |
1686 | Signing of the Eternal Peace Treaty | |
1696 | June 17 | Death of John III Sobieski |
1697 | June 27 | Election of Augustus II the Strong |
September 15 | Coronation of Augustus II the Strong | |
1699 | Signing of the Treaty of Preobrazhenskoye | |
January 26 | Signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz concludes the Great Turkish War |
18th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1704 | February 16 | Warsaw Confederation formed |
20 May | Sandomierz Confederation formed | |
July 12 | Election of Stanisław Leszczyński | |
1705 | October 4 | Coronation of Stanisław Leszczyński |
1706 | September 24 | Signing of the Treaty of Altranstädt |
1709 | July 8 | Restoration of August II the Strong |
1715 | Tarnogród Confederation begins | |
1716 | Tarnogród Confederation ends | |
1717 | February 1 | Silent Sejm |
1724 | December 7 | Tumult of Thorn |
1733 | War of the Polish Succession begins | |
February 1 | Death of August II the Strong | |
October 5 | Election of August III the Saxon | |
1734 | January 17 | Coronation of August III the Saxon |
November 5 | Dzików Confederation formed | |
1736 | Pacification Sejm | |
1738 | November 18 | Treaty of Vienna concludes the War of the Polish Succession |
1763 | October 5 | Death of August III |
1764 | Convocation Sejm | |
September 7 | Election of Stanisław August Poniatowski | |
November 25 | Coronation of Stanisław August Poniatowski | |
1767 | Repnin Sejm begins | |
March 20 | Słuck Confederation formed | |
June 23 | Radom Confederation formed | |
1768 | Koliyivschyna | |
Massacre of Uman | ||
February 29 | Signing of the Bar Confederation | |
1772 | First Partition of Poland | |
1773 | October 14 | Creation of Commission of National Education |
1788 | Great Sejm begins | |
1789 | December 2 | Black Procession |
1790 | March 29 | Signing of Polish–Prussian alliance |
1791 | April 18 | Free Royal Cities Act |
3 May | Adoption of Constitution of 3 May | |
1792 | Polish–Russian War | |
14 May | Signing of Targowica Confederation | |
29 May | Great Sejm ends | |
1793 | Second Partition of Poland | |
Grodno Sejm | ||
1794 | March 12 | Kościuszko Uprising begins |
March 24 | Kościuszko's proclamation | |
7 May | Issuance of Proclamation of Połaniec | |
August 20 | Greater Poland Uprising begins | |
1795 | Third Partition of Poland | |
November 25 | Abdication of Stanisław August Poniatowski |
19th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1806 | November 3 | Greater Poland Uprising begins |
1807 | July 9 | Signing of the second Treaty of Tilsit |
1809 | October 14 | Signing of the Treaty of Schönbrunn |
1815 | June 9 | Congress of Vienna concludes |
October 18 | Free City of Kraków proclaimed | |
November 27 | Adoption of Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland | |
1825 | December 1 | Death of Alexander I of Russia |
1829 | 24 May | Coronation of Nicholas I of Russia |
1830 | November 29 | November Uprising begins |
1846 | February 19 | Kraków Uprising begins |
March 4 | Kraków Uprising ends | |
November 16 | Free City of Kraków incorporated into the Austrian Empire | |
1848 | Greater Poland Uprising | |
1863 | January 22 | January Uprising begins |
1864 | March 2 | Abolition of serfdom in Congress Poland |
20th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1908 | September | Bezdany raid |
1916 | November 5 | Signing of the Act of 5 November |
1917 | July 9 | Oath crisis |
1918 | March 3 | Signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
November 11 | Poland regains independence |
The Second Polish Republic (1918–39)
- 31 October 1918 – 1919: Polish–Ukrainian War.
- 11 November 1918: Polish Independence Day, Warsaw is free from German troops of the Ober Ost.
- 27 December 1918 – 1919 Greater Poland Uprising.
- 1918–39: Border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia.
- 23–30 January 1919: Polish–Czechoslovak War.
- 26 January 1919: Elections to the Sejm.
- 28 June 1919: Treaty of Versailles (Articles 87–93) and Little Treaty of Versailles, establish Poland as a sovereign and independent state on the international arena.
- 1919–21: Polish–Soviet War, Miracle of the Vistula, Treaty of Riga.
- 1919–21: Silesian Uprisings.
- 1920: Polish–Lithuanian War.
- 15 July 1920: Land Reform.
- 1921: alliances with France and Romania.
- 17 March 1921: March Constitution.
- 18 March 1921: Peace of Riga (about eastern Galicia)
- 24 March 1922: annexation of Vilnius Region from Lithuania
- 2–12 November 1922: Elections to the Sejm and to the Senat.
- 16 December 1922: assassination of President Gabriel Narutowicz.
- 1924: Władysław Grabski's monetary reform in Poland, Bank of Poland.
- 20 December 1922 to May 1926: President Stanisław Wojciechowski.
- 12–14 May 1926: Coup of May, beginning of Sanacja government.
- 4 December 1926: Roman Dmowski, Obóz Wielkiej Polski, Endecja.
- 1928: Piłsudski's nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government.
- 16 November 1930: Polish legislative election.
- 26 October 1931 to 13 January 1932: Brest trials of opposition leaders
- 25 July 1932: non-aggression pact with Soviet Union.
- 26 January 1934: non-aggression pact with Germany.
- 23 April 1935: April Constitution.
- 12 May 1935: death of Józef Piłsudski.
- 2 February 1937: creation of the Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego political party.
- October 1938: annexation of Zaolzie, Górna Orawa, Jaworzyna from Czechoslovakia.
- 2 January 1939: death of Roman Dmowski.
- 31 March 1939: military guarantees from United Kingdom and France.
- 23 August 1939: non-aggression pact between Soviet Union and Germany: Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with a secret protocol targeting Poland (among several other Eastern European countries).
- 25 August 1939: Anglo-Polish military alliance.
- 1 September 1939: German Invasion of Poland.
- 17 September 1939: Soviet invasion of Poland
- 28 September 1939: Fall of Warsaw
- 6 October 1939: Poland completely occupied
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1918 | December 27 | Greater Poland Uprising begins |
1919 | Proclamation to the inhabitants of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania | |
Sejny Uprising | ||
January 26 | Legislative election | |
February 14 | Polish–Soviet War begins | |
February 16 | Greater Poland Uprising ends | |
February 20 | Adoption of Small Constitution | |
August 16 | First Silesian Uprising begins | |
1920 | Signing of Treaty of Warsaw | |
Żeligowski's Mutiny | ||
February 10 | Poland's Wedding to the Sea in Puck | |
July | Spa Conference | |
August 19 | Second Silesian Uprising begins | |
1921 | February 19 | Signing of the Franco-Polish alliance |
March 17 | Adoption of Mar Constitution | |
March 18 | Signing of the Peace of Riga concludes the Polish-Soviet War | |
March 20 | Upper Silesia plebiscite | |
2 May | Third Silesian Uprising begins | |
1922 | November | Legislative election |
December 9 | Gabriel Narutowicz becomes President | |
December 16 | Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz | |
December 22 | Stanisław Wojciechowski becomes President | |
1925 | December 1 | Signing of the Locarno Treaties |
1926 | May | May Coup |
June 4 | Ignacy Mościcki becomes President | |
1928 | Legislative election | |
1930 | November 16 | Legislative election |
1932 | July 25 | Signing of the Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact |
1934 | January 26 | Signing of the German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact |
1935 | Legislative election | |
April 23 | Adoption of Apr Constitution | |
12 May | Death of Józef Piłsudski | |
1938 | Legislative election | |
April 1 | Territorial changes of Polish Voivodeships | |
October | Annexation of Zaolzie | |
1939 | April 2 | Suicide former Primer Minister of Walery Sławek |
August 23 | Signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact | |
August 25 | Signing of the Polish–British Common Defence Pact | |
August 29 | Peking Plan begins | |
August 31 | Gleiwitz incident begins | |
September 1 | Invasion of Poland begins; Bombing of Wieluń | |
September 2 | massacre on Torzeniec village | |
September 3 | Bloody Sunday | |
September 9 | German Massacre in Ciepielów on polish POW | |
September 13 | Bombing of Frampol | |
September 17 | Soviet invasion of Poland | |
September 18 | Orzeł incident | |
November 6 | Sonderaktion Krakau | |
1940 | March 5 | Authorization of Katyń massacre |
16 May | Authorization of AB Action | |
1941 | July | Massacre of Lwów professors |
July 10 | Jedwabne pogrom | |
August 17 | Signing of the Sikorski–Mayski agreement | |
1943 | March 26 | Operation Arsenal |
April 19 | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins | |
16 May | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ends | |
July 4 | Death of Władysław Sikorski | |
July 11 | Beginning of Massacres of Poles in Volhynia | |
December 1 | Tehran Conference concludes | |
1944 | Glinciszki massacre | |
January 29 | Koniuchy massacre | |
February 28 | Huta Pieniacka massacre | |
July 22 | Proclamation of the PKWN Manifesto | |
July 25 | Operation Most III begins | |
August | Wola massacre | |
August 1 | Warsaw Uprising begins | |
October 2 | Warsaw Uprising ends | |
1945 | January 27 | Przyszowice massacre |
February 11 | Yalta Conference concludes | |
March | Pawłokoma massacre | |
March 17 | Poland's Wedding to the Sea in Mrzeżyno | |
March 18 | Poland's Wedding to the Sea in Kołobrzeg | |
June | Augustów chase 1945; Trial of the Sixteen | |
August 2 | Potsdam Conference concludes | |
August 11 | Kraków pogrom | |
1946 | June 30 | People's referendum |
July 4 | Kielce pogrom | |
1947 | January 19 | Legislative election |
February 19 | Adoption of Small Constitution of 1947 | |
April 28 | Operation Vistula begins | |
1950 | July 6 | Signing of the Treaty of Zgorzelec |
1951 | Trial of the Generals | |
1952 | Legislative election | |
July 22 | Adoption of Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland | |
1955 | 14 May | Signing of the Warsaw Pact |
1956 | Polish October | |
12 March | Death of Bolesław Bierut | |
June 28 | Poznań 1956 protests begin | |
1957 | Legislative election | |
1961 | Legislative election | |
1965 | Legislative election | |
Letter of Reconciliation of the Polish Bishops to the German Bishops | ||
1968 | March | Political crisis |
August 20 | End of Prague Spring with the invasion of Czechoslovakia | |
1970 | December 7 | Signing of Treaty of Warsaw; Warschauer Kniefall |
December 14 | 1970 protests begin | |
1978 | October 16 | Election of Pope John Paul II |
1980 | Gdańsk Agreement | |
March 14 | LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007 | |
August 17 | 21 demands of MKS | |
1981 | May 28 | Death of Primate Poland Stefan Wyszyński |
1981 | December 13 | Martial law begins |
1983 | Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa receives the Nobel Peace Prize. | |
July 22 | Martial law ends | |
1984 | Father Jerzy Popiełuszko murdered by Polish secret police. | |
1989 | April 4 | Signing of the Round Table Agreement |
April 7 | April Novelization | |
June 4 | Parliamentary election | |
July 19 | Wojciech Jaruzelski becomes President | |
September 12 | Tadeusz Mazowiecki becomes first non-communist prime minister of government in Central or Eastern Europe since 1940s | |
December 31 | The People's Republic of Poland becomes the Republic of Poland | |
1990 | Presidential election | |
27 May | Local elections | |
November 14 | Signing of German–Polish Border Treaty | |
December 22 | Lech Wałęsa becomes President | |
1991 | June 27 | Mława pogrom |
July 1 | Dissolution of Warsaw Pact | |
October 27 | Parliamentary election | |
1992 | October 17 | Adoption of Small Constitution |
December 21 | Signing of Central European Free Trade Agreement | |
1993 | September 14 | Lufthansa Flight 2904 |
September 19 | Parliamentary election | |
1994 | 2 May | Poland bus disaster of 1994 |
June 19 | Local elections | |
1995 | November | Presidential election |
December 23 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski becomes President | |
1997 | April 2 | Adoption of Constitution |
September 21 | Parliamentary election | |
1998 | October 11 | Local elections |
1999 | January 1 | 16 new voivodeships created in Polish local government reforms |
1999 | March 12 | Accession of Poland to NATO |
2000 | October 8 | Presidential election |
21st century
See also
- Cities in Poland
- Timeline of Białystok
- Timeline of Gdańsk
- Timeline of Kraków
- Timeline of Łódź
- Timeline of Lwów (formerly in Poland; now in Ukraine)
- Timeline of Poznań
- Timeline of Szczecin
- Timeline of Warsaw
- Timeline of Wrocław
- Category:Timelines of cities in Poland (in Polish)
References
- Library of Congress, A Country Study: Poland, Chronology of Important Events: online
Further reading
- Thomas Bartlett (1841). "Poland". New Tablet of Memory; or, Chronicle of Remarkable Events. London: Thomas Kelly.
- J. Willoughby Rosse (1859). "Poland". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Poland". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
- George Henry Townsend (1877), "Poland", Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co. – via Hathi Trust
- Louis Heilprin (1885). "Poland". Historical Reference Book...Chronological Dictionary of Universal History. New York: D. Appleton and Company – via Hathi Trust.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Poland", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. – via Hathi Trust
- Piotr Wróbel (1998). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Poland 1945-1996. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-135-92694-6.
- "Poland". Political Chronology of Europe. Europa Publications. 2003. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-1-135-35687-3.
- Harold B. Segel (2003). "Chronology of Major Political Events, 1944-2002: Poland". Columbia Guide to the Literatures of Eastern Europe Since 1945. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11404-2.
- David Turnock (2006). "Chronology: Poland". The Economy of East Central Europe, 1815-1989: Stages of Transformation in a Peripheral Region. Routledge. p. 437+. ISBN 978-1-134-67876-1.
External links
- Poland Profile: Timeline, BBC News
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