United States Senate elections, 1822 and 1823

Dates vary by state

16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	39 seats (90.1%)	4 seats (9.9%)
Seats before	44 (91.7%)	4 (8.3%)
Seats won	44 (93.6%)	3 (6.4%)
Seat change		1
Seats up	14	2

Majority party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority party

Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate election of 1822 and 1823 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party continue almost complete control of the Senate.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results

18th Congress (1823–1825)

Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (31)
Minority Parties: National Republican & Federalist (17)
Total seats: 48

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Composition after the January 24, 1822 election in Delaware.

DR₃₅	DR₃₆	DR₃₇	DR₃₈	DR₃₉	DR₄₀	DR₄₁	DR₄₂	DR₄₃	DR₄₄
						DR₁	DR₂	DR₃	DR₄
DR₁₄	DR₁₃	DR₁₂	DR₁₁	DR₁₀	DR₉	DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅
DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈	DR₁₉	DR₂₀	DR₂₁	DR₂₂	DR₂₃	DR₂₄
Majority →									DR₂₅
DR₃₄	DR₃₃	DR₃₂	DR₃₁	DR₃₀	DR₂₉	DR₂₈	DR₂₇	DR₂₆
						F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄

Result of the elections

DR₃₅ Re-elected	DR₃₆ Re-elected	DR₃₇ Re-elected	DR₃₈ Re-elected	DR₃₉ Re-elected	DR₄₀ Re-elected	DR₄₁ Re-elected	DR₄₂ Re-elected	DR₄₃ Re-elected	DR₄₄ Re-elected
						DR₁	DR₂	DR₃	DR₄
DR₁₄	DR₁₃	DR₁₂	DR₁₁	DR₁₀	DR₉	DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅
DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈	DR1₁₉	DR₂₀	DR₂₁	DR₂₂	DR₂₃	DR₂₄
Majority →									DR₂₅
DR₃₄ Hold	DR₃₃ Hold	DR₃₂ Hold	DR₃₁ Hold	DR₃₀	DR₂₉	DR₂₈	DR₂₇	DR₂₆
						F₁	F₂	F₃ Re-elected	V₁*

Notes:

V₁ (Delaware class 2 seat): Legislature failed to elect.

Beginning of the next Congress, divided by factions

						DRa₁	DRa₂	DRa₃	DRa₄
DRc₁₄	DRc₁₃	DRc₁₂	DRa₁₁	DRa₁₀	DRa₉	DRa₈	DRa₇	DRa₆	DRa₅
DRc₁₅	DRc₁₆	DRc₁₇	DRc₁₈	DRc₁₉	DRc₂₀	DRc₂₁	DRc₂₂	DRc₂₃	DRc₂₄
Plurality→									DRc₂₅
DRj₃₄	DRj₃₃	DRj₃₂	DRc₃₁	DRc₃₀	DRc₂₉	DRc₂₈	DRc₂₇	DRc₂₆	DRc₂₅
DRj₃₅	DRj₃₆	DRj₃₇	DRj₃₈	DRj₃₉	DRj₄₀	DRj₄₁	DRj₄₂	V₃*	V₂*
						Fa₁	Fa₂	Fa₃	V₁

Notes:

V₂ (Delaware class 1 seat): Incumbent Democratic-Republican, who was not up for election, resigned January 29, 1823 and the seat wasn't filled until 1824.
V₃ (New Jersey class 1 seat): Incumbent Democratic-Republican, who was not up for election, resigned March 3, 1823 and the seat wasn't filled until November 1823.

Key:

DR_#	= Democratic-Republican
DRa_#	= Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay)
DRc_#	= Democratic-Republican (Crawford)
DRj_#	= Democratic-Republican (Jackson)
F_#	= Federalist
Fa_#	= Federalist (Adams-Clay)
V_#	= Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1822 or before March 4, 1823; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Delaware (Class 1)	Vacant			Outerbridge Horsey (F) had resigned March 3, 1821. Winner elected January 24, 1822. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Caesar A. Rodney (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio (Class 3)	William A. Trimble	Democratic-Republican	1819 (Elected)	Incumbent died December 13, 1821. Winner elected January 29, 1822. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Ethan Allen Brown (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts (Class 2)	Harrison Gray Otis	Federalist	1817 (Elected)	Incumbent resigned May 30, 1822 to run for Mayor of Boston. Winner elected June 5, 1822. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Federalist hold.	√ James Lloyd (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Alabama (Class 3)	John W. Walker	Democratic-Republican	1819 (Elected)	Incumbent resigned December 12, 1822 due to failing health. Winner elected December 12, 1822. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William Kelly (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland (Class 1)	William Pinkney	Democratic-Republican	1819 (Special) 1821 (Re-elected)	Incumbent died February 25, 1822. Winner elected December 17, 1822. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia (Class 2)	James Pleasants	Democratic-Republican	1819 (Special)	Incumbent resigned December 15, 1822. Winner elected December 18, 1822. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Taylor of Caroline (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1823; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	William R. King	Democratic-Republican	1819 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected as a Jackson Democratic-Republican in 1822.	√ William R. King (Jackson Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware	Nicholas Van Dyke	Federalist	1817 (Elected)	Legislature failed to elect. Incumbent would later be re-elected late in 1824.	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	Nicholas Ware	Democratic-Republican	1821 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected as a Crawford Democratic-Republican in 1822 or 1823.	√ Nicholas Ware (Crawford Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois	Jesse B. Thomas	Democratic-Republican	1818 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected as a Crawford Democratic-Republican in 1823.	√ Jesse B. Thomas (Crawford Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	Richard M. Johnson	Democratic-Republican	1819 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected as a Jackson Democratic-Republican in 1823.	√ Richard M. Johnson (Jackson Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana	Henry Johnson	Democratic-Republican	1818 (Appointed)	Incumbent appointee elected as an Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican to a full term in 1823.	√ Henry Johnson (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine	John Chandler	Democratic-Republican	1820 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected as a Crawford Democratic-Republican in 1823.	√ John Chandler (Crawford Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	James Lloyd	Federalist	1808 (Special) 1808 (Re-elected) Resigned 1813. 1822 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected as an Adams-Clay Federalist in 1822. Winner was also elected to finish the previous term, see above.	√ James Lloyd (Adams-Clay Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi	Thomas Hill Williams	Democratic-Republican	1817 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected as a Jackson Democratic-Republican in 1823.	√ Thomas Hill Williams (Jackson Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	David L. Morril	Democratic-Republican	1817 (Elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1823. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Samuel Bell (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	Mahlon Dickerson	Democratic-Republican	1817 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected as a Crawford Democratic-Republican in 1823.	√ Mahlon Dickerson (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina	Montfort Stokes	Democratic-Republican	1816 (Special) 1816 (Re-elected)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1822. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Branch (Crawford Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	Nehemiah R. Knight	Democratic-Republican	1821 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected as a Crawford Democratic-Republican in 1823.	√ Nehemiah R. Knight (Crawford Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina	William Smith	Democratic-Republican	1810 (Special) 1816 (Re-elected)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1822. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Robert Y. Hayne (Jackson Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	John Williams	Democratic-Republican	1815 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1822 or 1823. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Andrew Jackson (Jackson Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	Armistead T. Mason	Democratic-Republican	1822 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected as a Crawford Democratic-Republican in 1823. Winner was also elected to finish the previous term, see above.	√ John Taylor of Caroline (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the next Congress

In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1823 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
New Jersey (Class 1)	Samuel L. Southard	Democratic-Republican	1821 (Appointed) 1821 (Elected)	Incumbent resigned March 4, 1823 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Winner elected November 12, 1823.	Joseph McIlvaine (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

United States Senate elections

1788/89 1790/91 1792/93 1794/95 1796/97 1798/99 1800/01 1802/03 1804/05 1806/07 1808/09 1810/11 1812/13 1814/15 1816/17 1818/19 1820/21 1822/23 1824/25 1826/27 1828/29 1830/31 1832/33 1834/35 1836/37 1838/39 1840/41 1842/43 1844/45 1846/47 1848/49 1850/51 1852/53 1854/55 1856/57 1858/59 1860/61 1862/63 1864/65 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878/79 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888/89 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912/13 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

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