Waterbury, Connecticut

"Waterbury" and "Brass City" redirect here. For other uses, see Waterbury (disambiguation) and Brass City (disambiguation).
Waterbury, Connecticut
City

Waterbury skyline from west, with Union Station clock tower at left

Seal
Nickname(s): The Brass City,
Motto: Quid Aere Perennius ("What Is More Lasting Than Brass?")

Location in New Haven County, Connecticut
Waterbury, Connecticut

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 41°33′22″N 73°2′29″W / 41.55611°N 73.04139°W / 41.55611; -73.04139Coordinates: 41°33′22″N 73°2′29″W / 41.55611°N 73.04139°W / 41.55611; -73.04139
Country United States
State Connecticut
County New Haven
Region New York Metro Area[1]
Incorporated (town) 1686
Incorporated (city) 1853
Consolidated 1902
Government
 • Type Mayor-council
 • Mayor Neil O'Leary (D)
Area
 • Total 29.0 sq mi (75.0 km2)
 • Land 28.5 sq mi (73.9 km2)
 • Water 0.4 sq mi (1.1 km2)
Elevation 270 ft (80 m)
Highest elevation 820 ft (250 m)
Lowest elevation 220 ft (70 m)
Population (2011)[2]
 • Total 110,366 (US: 240th)
Time zone Eastern (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 06701–06719
Area code(s) 203
FIPS code 09-80000
GNIS feature ID 0211851
Website www.waterburyct.org

Waterbury (nicknamed "The Brass City") is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut on the Naugatuck River, 33 miles (45 minutes) southwest of Hartford and 77 miles (90 minutes) northeast of New York City. Waterbury is located in New Haven County, Connecticut. As of the 2010 census, Waterbury had a total population of 110,366,[2] making it the 10th largest city in the New York Metropolitan Area, 9th largest city in New England and the 5th largest city in Connecticut.[3]

Throughout the first half of the 20th century Waterbury had large industrial interests and was the leading center in the United States for the manufacture of brassware (including castings and finishings), as reflected in the nickname the "Brass City" and the city's motto Quid Aere Perennius? ("What Is More Lasting Than Brass?"), which echoes the Latin of Horace's Ode 3.30. It was noted for the manufacture of watches and clocks.

The city is located along Interstate 84 (Yankee Expressway) and Route 8 and has a Metro-North railroad station with connections to Grand Central Terminal. Waterbury is also home to Post University and the regional campuses of the University of Connecticut, University of Bridgeport, Western Connecticut State University as well as Naugatuck Valley Community College.

History

Cows grazing on the Town Plot,1900

The land was originally inhabited by Native Americans and according to Samuel Orcutt's history, the colonial settlers of Waterbury "found it expedient to purchase the same lands from different tribes, without attempting to decide between their rival claims."[4] The original settlement of Waterbury in 1674 is now known as the Town Plot section. In 1675, the turbulence of King Philip's War caused it to be vacated until resumption of tranquility in 1677, settlement occurred west of the first settlement. Both sites are now marked. The Algonquin name for the area was "Matetacoke", meaning "the interval lands."[5] Thus, the settlement was named "Mattatuck" in 1673. When the settlement was admitted as the 28th town in the Connecticut Colony on May 15, 1686, the name was changed to Waterbury in reference to the numerous streams that emptied into the Naugatuck River from the hills on either side of the valley. At that time, it included all or parts of what later became the towns of Watertown, Plymouth, Wolcott, Prospect, Naugatuck, Thomaston, and Middlebury.

Growth was slow during Waterbury's first hundred years, the lack of arable land discouraging new settlers. Furthermore, the residents suffered through a great flood in 1691 and an outbreak of disease in 1712. After a century, Waterbury's population numbered just 5,000.[6]

Waterbury emerged as an industrial power in the early 19th century when it began to manufacture brass, harnessing the waters of the Mad River and the Naugatuck River to power the early factories.[7][8] The new brass industry attracted many workers from all over the world, leading to an influx of immigrants of diverse nationalities.[9] Waterbury was incorporated as a city in 1853 and, as the "Brass Capital of the World", it gained a reputation for the quality and durability of its goods. Brass and copper supplied by Waterbury was notably used in Nevada's Boulder Dam and found myriad applications across the United States, as well.

Another famous Waterbury product of the mid-19th century was Robert H. Ingersoll's one-dollar pocket watch, five million of which were sold. After this, the clock industry became as important as Waterbury's famed brass industry. Evidence of these two important industries can still be seen in Waterbury, as numerous clocktowers and old brass factories have become landmarks of the city.

In June 1920, labor unrest occurred in the town, with striking workers fighting with police on the street. Police ended up placing machine guns in the districts where the unrest occurred. Over 30 were arrested, mostly Lithuanians, Russians, Poles, and Italians. The strikers numbered some 15,000,[10] with most being employed at Scovill, Chase Rolling Mill, and Chase Metal Works.[11]

South Main Street, about 1910
Downtown on East Main Street in 1954

At its peak during World War II, 10,000 people worked at the Scovill Manufacturing Co, later sold to Century Brass. The city's metal manufacturing mills (Scovill Manufacturing, Anaconda American Brass, and Chase Brass & Copper were the largest) occupied more than 2 million square feet (180,000 m²) and more than 90 buildings.

Notable historic events

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 29.0 square miles (75.0 km2), of which 28.5 square miles (73.9 km2) is land and 0.42 square miles (1.1 km2), or 1.46%, is water.[15]

Waterbury lies in the humid continental climate zone, and normally sees cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers.

Climate data for Waterbury, Connecticut
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 35
(2)		 39
(4)		 47
(8)		 59
(15)		 70
(21)		 78
(26)		 83
(28)		 81
(27)		 74
(23)		 63
(17)		 52
(11)		 41
(5)		 60.2
(15.6)
Average low °F (°C) 15
(−9)		 18
(−8)		 26
(−3)		 36
(2)		 46
(8)		 58
(14)		 62
(17)		 60
(16)		 51
(11)		 39
(4)		 31
(−1)		 22
(−6)		 38.7
(3.8)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.64
(92.5)		 3.61
(91.7)		 4.38
(111.3)		 4.52
(114.8)		 4.64
(117.9)		 4.74
(120.4)		 4.59
(116.6)		 4.78
(121.4)		 4.84
(122.9)		 5.18
(131.6)		 4.41
(112)		 4.24
(107.7)		 53.57
(1,360.8)
Source: [16]

Neighborhoods

Waterbury's neighborhoods are shaped by the history and geography of the city.

Ethnic communities distinguish the city's 25 neighborhoods. Clusters of shops at the street corners created villages within the city. For many people, home, work and community life was contained within their neighborhood. Downtown, a short walk away, was "the city", offering live theater, fancy stores, parades and spectacles.[17]

Transportation

Commuting in the Greater Waterbury area consists of multiple public transportation options. CT Transit operates a significant amount of city buses running from the city center at Exchange Place to various neighborhoods in the city.[18] Metro-North Railroad runs commuter trains multiple times a day between the Waterbury station and Bridgeport, with connections to Grand Central Terminal in New York City. The two main highways that run through the heart of the city are I-84 (Yankee Expressway) and Route 8. In the downtown area, I-84 and Route 8 are located on the elevated William W. Deady Bridge,[19] known locally as the "MixMaster" with eastbound traffic on the upper deck and westbound traffic on the lower deck. The interchange is ranked as one of the most heavily congested traffic areas in the New York/Connecticut region.

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
186010,004—
187010,8268.2%
188017,80664.5%
189028,64660.9%
190045,85960.1%
191073,14159.5%
192091,71525.4%
193099,9028.9%
194099,314−0.6%
1950104,4775.2%
1960107,1302.5%
1970108,0330.8%
1980103,266−4.4%
1990108,9615.5%
2000107,271−1.6%
2010110,3662.9%
Est. 2014109,307[20]−1.0%
U.S. Decennial Census
2011 estimate

As of the census of 2010, there were 110,366 people, 42,761 households, and 26,996 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,866 people per square mile (1,449.7/km²). There were 42,761 housing units at an average density of 1,492.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 58.8% White, 20.1% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 14.2% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.2% of the population.

Waterbury has a heavy Italian-American population with 21.46% of its residents claiming Italian heritage.[21] The Italian influence is especially strong in the Town Plot, Brooklyn, and North End neighborhoods.[22] Additionally, the city is home to thriving Albanian, Cape Verdean, Dominican, Brazilian, Jamaican, Portuguese, and Puerto Rican communities. Waterbury has strong Irish roots as well, especially in the Washington Hill section which is home to the city's annual St. Patrick Day's Parade, which, oddly enough, is rarely held on St. Patrick's Day itself. At the beginning of the 21st century, Waterbury had a growing Orthodox Jewish population.[23]

There were 42,622 households out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.7% were married couples living together, 28.4% had a single householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city the population was spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.2 years. For every 100 females there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.

According to the 2014 5-year American Community Survey (conducted 2010-2014, data released December 3, 2015), the median income for a household in the city was $41,136, compared to $69,899 statewide. In Waterbury, 24.2% of the population, or 26,122 residents of the city, lived below the poverty line, compared to 10.5% statewide. In Waterbury, 36.8% of the child population age 0-17, or 9,984 children in the city, lived below the poverty line, compared to 14% statewide.[24]

Jewish community

Waterbury had a significant Jewish population beginning in the late 1800s, initially as a result of German immigration.The first synagogue in Waterbury opened in 1872[25] In the early 20th century, almost 9,000 Jews immigrated from Eastern Europe, with many fleeing persecution. The Orthodox Jewish community has experienced a renaissance since 2000 due to efforts by educators and developers to create an affordable alternative to the high cost of living in established Orthodox communities in New York and New Jersey. This renaissance began with the founding of the Yeshiva K'tana of Waterbury in 2000; as of 2014, this full-service elementary and middle school has nearly 400 students. Other educational institutions are the Yeshiva Gedolah of Waterbury, which includes a mesivta high school and beit medrash (undergraduate) program for approximately 230 students, a Bais Yaakov school for girls, and a kolel. As of the end of 2014, the Waterbury Orthodox community numbers 180 families and includes a mikveh, eruv, and community services such as Hatzalah and Chaverim.[26]

Economy

Waterbury's economic decline in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in it being ranked as having the worst quality of life of 300 U.S. metropolitan areas by Money Magazine in 1992. Waterbury was also rated as one of the "Worst Places for Businesses and Careers in America" by Forbes Magazine in April 2008.[27] Regardless, the city was named on the 100 Best Places to Raise a Family list in the same year.[28]

According to the city's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[29] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of employees
1 City of Waterbury 3,811
2 Waterbury Hospital 1,541
3 St. Mary's Hospital 1,279
4 State of Connecticut 1,225
5 AT&T Inc. 400
6 Naugatuck Valley Community College 384
7 United States Postal Service 270
8 Webster Bank (HQ) 256
9 Republican-American 252
10 MacDermid (HQ) 217

Government

Mayor Neil O' Leary (D)
Town Clerk Antoinette C. Spinelli (D)
City Sheriff Stephen M. Conway (D)
City Clerk Michael J. Dalton (D)
Aldermen (15)[30]
Paul K. Pernerewski, Jr. (D — President) 3rd District
Paul V. Ciochetti (D — Majority Leader) 1st District
Ronald Napoli, Jr. (D — President Pro Tempore) 3rd District
Ernest Brunelli (D) 1st District
Greg Hadley (D) 2nd District
Victor Lopez, Jr.(D) 2nd District
Michael DiGiovancarlo (D) 4th District
Frank Burgio(D) 4th District
Sandra Martinez-McCarthy(D) 5th District
Abdalla Johnson(D) 5th District
Steven Giacomi (R - Minority Leader) 3rd District
Jerry Padula (R) 1st District
Francis Guerrera (R) 2nd District
Stephanie Cummings(R) 4th District
Roger Sherman Jr.(R) 5th District

Waterbury has about 52,000 registered voters, of whom about 24,000 are Democrats. There are about 7,800 registered Republicans and the balance are largely unaffiliated, with a smattering belonging to minor parties.

John S. Monagan, who was a prolific author in addition to his political responsibilities, served as Waterbury's mayor from 1943 to 1948. He also served as its district's congressional representative from 1959 to 1973. George Harlamon, a member of the Waterbury Hall of Fame, was the city's 40th mayor. He served from 1969 to 1970 during a period of racial tension. The city is known for its hard-nosed political culture compared locally to Cook County, Illinois, close elections, and a number of scandals. This reputation is so solidified that U.S. Senator Joseph I. Lieberman once joked that upon his death, he hoped to be buried in Waterbury so he could remain politically active.

Waterbury's scandalous past dates back to 1940 when Mayor T. Frank Hayes and 22 others were convicted of conspiracy to defraud the City of Waterbury. Hayes received a 10–15 year sentence and served six years. Ironically, the massive corruption scheme was exposed with the help of then comptroller Sherwood Rowland, grandfather of Gov. John G. Rowland, who was convicted on corruption charges in 2004. The 2007 lulu.com book, Publisher vs. Politician: A Clash of Local Titans,[31] by author William A. Monti, is an account of the rise and fall of T. Frank Hayes and focuses on his election campaigns, his bitter fights with William J. Pape, publisher of two local newspapers, and his ultimate trial, conviction, and sentencing for corruption. Ironically, what appeared to have been a defeat for Hayes was not really a victory for Pape, and the stage was set for further corruption in Waterbury in the second half of the 20th century. Waterbury was in serious financial straits due to years of mismanagement, resulting in the city's finances being taken over by the State of Connecticut. The State Oversight Board oversaw city business for several years and have since left following consecutive years of balanced budgets. The successors to Philip Giordano, former Acting Mayor Sam Caligiuri (2001) and former mayor Michael Jarjura (2001–2011) managed the city without major controversy since 2001. Democrat Neil O'Leary was elected the 46th Mayor of Waterbury on November 9, 2011. As of July 2012, the Mayor of Waterbury earns an annual salary of $119,306.[32]

A number of presidential candidates have campaigned in Waterbury due to its pivotal role in statewide elections. The most famous was the election eve visit on the Green by John F. Kennedy in 1960. Forty thousand people waited until 3 am on the Green to greet Kennedy on Sunday, November 6, 1960. Sen. Kennedy spoke to them from the balcony of the Roger Smith Hotel (now called the Elton). Pierre Salinger later said it was the greatest night of the campaign. In September 1984 Ronald Reagan held a huge noontime election rally at the same location. In July 2006 former President Bill Clinton made a campaign appearance at the Palace Theatre for Senator Joe Lieberman during his campaign for re-election to the U.S. Senate. Shortly after the Democratic primary, Tom Swan, campaign manager for Lieberman's opponent Ned Lamont, described Waterbury as a place where "the forces of slime meet the forces of evil," after a large majority of the town's voters backed Lieberman. Swan claimed he was referring to former Mayor Philip A. Giordano and former Governor John G. Rowland.[33]

Governor John G. Rowland served ten months in a federal prison until February 10, 2006. He was released from federal prison with the stipulation that he serve four months house arrest with an electronic ankle bracelet monitor until June 2006.

In January 2008 Waterbury Mayor Michael Jarjura announced that he would hire Rowland as an economic development advisor for the city. Rowland began work in February that year receiving an annual salary of $95,000 as the city's economic development coordinator funded in conjunction with the Greater Waterbury Chamber of Commerce.[34][35]

In 2011, the Board of Aldermen voted to eliminate funding the city's portion of his salary and in November 2011 Rowland stated he would give up his position when his contract expired thus ending his quasi-city employment.[36]

Later that year, following his victory over then Mayor Jarjura, new Mayor Neil O'Leary created the position of Economic Development Director as part of his new administration, removing the duties from the Chamber of Commerce and bringing them directly into City Hall, making Economic Development a cornerstone of his administration. Ron Pugliese was hired as the first Director to hold the position.[37]

Foreign relations

Consulate office

Waterbury is home to Connecticut's Consulate General of Portugal, which has its office downtown on East Main Street.[38]

Sister cities

Education

Board of Education (10)[40]
Elizabeth Brown (D – President)
Felix Rodriquez (D - Vice President)
Charles Pagano(D)
Juanita Hernandez (D)
Ann Sweeney (D)
Karen Harvey (D)
Jason Van Stone (R)
Thomas Van Stone, Sr. (R)
Charles Stango (R)
John E. Theriault (I)

Waterbury is home to a total of 42 schools. That number breaks down to 9 high schools, 3 middle schools, 26 elementary schools (private & public), 2 Jewish schools and 5 colleges/universities. The city's public schools are operated by Waterbury Public Schools under the leadership of superintendent Dr. Kathleen Ouellette and a board of education that consists of ten elected members and the city mayor, who acts as the chairman ex-officio. Waterbury at one time had the designation of the most catholic schools in the state. However, St. Thomas, St. Lucy, St. Margaret, St. Joseph, and St. Francis Elementary Schools have all closed over the years due to budget constraints.

List of schools

Public High Schools

Public Elementary Schools

  • Bucks Hill Elementary
  • Bunker Hill Elementary
  • BW Tinker
  • Carrington
  • Driggs
  • Duggan
  • East End Elementary (under construction)
  • FJ Kingsbury
  • Generali
  • Gilmartin
  • Homebound
  • Hopeville
  • HS Chase
  • Maloney Inter-District
  • Rotella Inter-District
  • Regan
  • Sprague
  • State Street
  • Walsh
  • Washington
  • Wendell Cross
  • Wilson

Public (Charter) Schools

Public Middle Schools

Secular college preparatory school

Religious schools

Colleges & Universities

Emergency services

Fire Department

The city of Waterbury is protected by the paid, full-time firefighters of the Waterbury Fire Department (WFD). The department currently operates out of nine fire stations located throughout the city.[42]

Police department

The Waterbury Police Department (WPD) was founded in 1853. Headquarters is at 255 East Main Street, while the Waterbury police academy is located at the Waterbury Police Department Annex at 240 Bank Street. Chief of Police is Vernon Riddick, who holds the distinction of being the first African-American to hold the position in the departments history.[43]

Local media

Print:

Radio:

Landmarks

The Union Station Clocktower is Waterbury's most prominent landmark

On the National Register of Historic Places

In popular culture

Notable people

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Smith, William (1994). A biography of Waterbury. Westinghouse. p. 24.
  2. 1 2 "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Waterbury city, Connecticut". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
  3. ↑ "Census 2010 News | U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Connecticut's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting". 2010.census.gov. March 9, 2011. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  4. ↑ Orcutt, Samuel (1882). The Indians of the Housatonic and Naugatuck Valleys. Hartford: Case, Lockwood & Brainard. p. 16. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  5. ↑ Orcutt, Samuel (1882-01-01). The Indians of the Housatonic and Naugatuck Valleys. Hartford, Conn.: Press of the Case, Lockwood & Brainard Co. p. 4.
  6. ↑ Anderson, Joseph (1896-01-01). The town and city of Waterbury, Connecticut,. New Haven,.
  7. ↑ "Copper in the USA: US History". www.copper.org. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  8. ↑ Guest, Raechel. "Brass Beginnings". The Waterbury Observer. The Waterbury Observer. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  9. ↑ "Early 19th-Century Immigration in Connecticut | ConnecticutHistory.org". connecticuthistory.org. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  10. ↑ "Our History > Waterbury Connecticut Police Department". wtbypd.org. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  11. ↑ "Machine Guns out in Waterbury Riot". New York Times. 20 June 1919.
  12. ↑ History, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, url accessed November 9, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Mickey Mouse Clock — Free Flash Clock by Adam Dorman — Digital Artist". Adamdorman.com. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  14. ↑ Garrow, David J. (2015-07-07). Liberty and Sexuality: The Right to Privacy and the Making of Roe v. Wade. Open Road Media. ISBN 9781504015554.
  15. ↑ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Waterbury city, Connecticut". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
  16. ↑ "Monthly Averages for Waterbury, CT (06702)". The Weather Channel. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  17. ↑ "brasscitylife.org". brasscitylife.org. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  18. ↑ "Connecting the Community". CTTransit. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  19. ↑ "Substitute House Bill No. 5527". CTGeneralAssembly. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  20. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  21. ↑ "Cities with the Highest Percentage of Italians in Connecticut". zipatlas.com.
  22. ↑ "Percentage of Italians in Waterbury, CT by Zip Code". zipatlas.com.
  23. ↑ Waterbury Republican-American Article Archived July 15, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
  24. ↑ DataHaven http://ctdatahaven.org/profiles/waterbury. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ↑ "The First Settlement". www.mattatuckmuseum.org. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  26. ↑ Merlis, Mark A. "Waterbury, Connecticut". Ami, December 10, 2014, pp. 43–46.
  27. ↑ Randall, David K. (April 7, 2008). "Oh, the Brass!". Forbes. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  28. ↑ "The 100 best places to raise a family". TODAY.com.
  29. ↑ "City of Waterbury CAFR" (PDF). waterburyct.org. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  30. ↑ http://www.waterburyct.org/filestorage/9569/10451/BOARD_OF_ALDERMEN_2015-2017.pdf
  31. ↑ "Publisher vs. politician : a clash of local titans". worldcat.org.
  32. ↑ "Finch, mayor of biggest city, doesn’t earn biggest salary". ctnews.com. August 30, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
  33. ↑ Waterbury Republican-American article Archived March 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  34. ↑ Hochswender, Woody (February 24, 2008). "For Rowland, Second Chance of a Lifetime". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
  35. ↑ "Disgraced ex-governor plans to take job in city with corrupt past". The Hour. January 24, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  36. ↑ "Rowland to give up czar post Republican American". rep-am.com.
  37. ↑ "O'Leary Tabs Ronald Pugliese To Replace John Rowland As Director Of Economic Development In Waterbury". waterburyobserver.org.
  38. ↑ "Portuguese Embassies in USA". Portugal.com. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  39. ↑ "Waterbury — Pontelandolfo" (in Italian). Waterbury, MA, USA: Pontelandolfo Community Club. Retrieved March 12, 2015 – via pontelandolfonews.com.
  40. ↑ http://waterburyct.org/filestorage/9569/10451/BOARD_OF_EDUCATION.rev20151201.pdf
  41. ↑ "404 Error - City of Waterbury, CT". waterburyct.org. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  42. ↑ "Waterburyfiredepartment.Com". Waterburyfiredepartment. Com. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
  43. ↑ "wtbypd". wtbypd. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  44. ↑ Issues. People. Events. "Issues. People. Events. | Waterbury Connecticut's Independent Newspaper". Waterburyobserver.org. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  45. ↑ Murray, John. "Transformation Of Apothecary Hall Into Luxury Apartments In Downtown Almost Completed". Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  46. ↑ "Image: WeltonFountain.jpg, (456 × 384 px)". freewebs.com. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  47. ↑ "Image: GreenEast1943Panorama.jpg, (919 × 315 px)". i152.photobucket.com. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  48. ↑ chs.org Archived December 1, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
  49. ↑ "Waterbury — Christopher Columbus". Vanderkrogt.net. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  50. ↑
  51. ↑ "Image: Waterbury1.jpg, (563 × 334 px)". jud.state.ct.us. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  52. ↑ Glasmeier, Amy (2000). "Chapter 9 Only the Young Survive: The U.S. Watch Industry between the World Wars and after World War II". Manufacturing time: global competition in the watch industry, 1795–2000. Guilford Press. pp. 189–192. ISBN 1-57230-589-4. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  53. ↑ McDermott, Kathleen (1998). Timex: A Company and Its Community. ISBN 0-9675087-0-3.
  54. ↑ "Image: town_plot.jpg, (200 × 280 px)". greaterwaterbury.com. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  55. ↑ Archived December 2, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
  56. ↑ "Holy Land USA. Roadside America". Roadsideamerica.com. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  57. ↑ Ned Lamont | News. Web.archive.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  58. ↑ "Timexpo® The Timex Museum". timexpo.com.
  59. ↑ Thurber, James (1939-03-18). "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  60. ↑ "THE WAR . The Witnesses . Four Towns . Waterbury, Connecticut PBS". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  61. ↑ Miller, Arthur Miller (1949). Death of a Salesman (PDF). Penguin. p. 9.
  62. ↑ Reichler, Joseph L., ed. (1979) [1969]. The Baseball Encyclopedia (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishing. ISBN 0-02-578970-8.
  63. ↑ "Top Sen. Inouye Aide Elected to Prestigious Honor". US Fed News Service, Including US State News  – via HighBeam (subscription required) . October 14, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
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  65. ↑ "Damane Duckett". Pro-Football-Reference. Com. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  66. ↑ "Waterbury CT Mayors". Dan.greaterwaterbury.com. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
  67. ↑ "HOTCHKISS, Julius, (1810–1878)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  68. ↑ "Fred Klobedanz Statistics and History". baseball-reference.com. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
  69. ↑ "Dylan McDermott". IMDb. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  70. ↑ "MONAGAN, John Stephen, (1911–2005)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  71. ↑ "Jimmy Piersall Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  72. ↑ iPad iPhone Android TIME TV Populist The Page (December 8, 1958). "Rambler in High Gear". Time.com. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  73. ↑ Kingsbury, Kathleen (May 2008). "The 2008 TIME 100". TIME Magazine (Time Warner). Retrieved May 14, 2008.
  74. ↑ "Sheryl Lee Ralph". IMDb. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  75. ↑ "RICHARDS, Mark, (1760–1844)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  76. ↑ "Connecticut Governor John G. Rowland". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  77. ↑ Stowe, Stacey (April 2, 2005). "Rowland Begins Serving a Yearlong Prison Sentence". New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
  78. ↑ "Rosalind Russell". IMDb. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  79. ↑ "Dave Wallace". NBaseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 27, 2012.

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