List of fish of Hawaii
The fish species of Hawaii inhabit the Hawaiian archipelago in the central North Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia. The islands are part of the State of Hawaii, United States. The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands include many atolls, and reefs. Due to Hawaii's isolation 30% of the fish are endemic (unique to the island chain).[1]
In total the Hawaiian Islands comprise a total of 137 islands and atolls, with a total land area of 6,423.4 square miles (16,636.5 km2).[2] This archipelago and its oceans are physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. The climate of Hawaii is typical for a tropical area, although temperatures and humidity tend to be a bit less extreme than other tropical locales due to the constant trade winds blowing from the east.
The surrounding waters are affected by effluents generated and released from the islands themselves. Floating plastic garbage is a problem, and refuse from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch affects its beaches. Other pressures on Hawaii's fish population are its fishing industries and whaling [3] until IWC's moratorium in 1986.[4] In the last century, some commercially fished stocks have decreased by 80-85%.[5]
Due to its isolation, very few native freshwater fish species are found in Hawaii, and none are entirely restricted to freshwater (all are either anadromous, or also found in brackish and marine water in their adult stage). The seven native fish species regularly seen in fresh water are the flagtail Kuhlia xenura, the mullet Mugil cephalus, the gobies Awaous guamensis, Lentipes concolor, Sicyopterus stimpsoni and Stenogobius hawaiiensis, and the sleeper goby Eleotris sandwicensis.[6][7] Three of the gobies, A. guamensis, L. concolor and S. stimpsoni, are famous for their ability to climb waterfalls to reach higher sections of freshwater streams.[7] Several other species have been introduced to the freshwater habitats of Hawaii and some of these are invasive.[8]
Species
- This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Images
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Egg of Lamprey
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A Sailfin tang, a brown fish with five vertical white stripes, a blue spot on the caudal fin, and yellow fins
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A green Moana kali fish on a light blue background
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A Yellow-eyed surgeon, a brown and white fish with a bright yellow eye
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An Orangeband surgeonfish, a light grey fish with a dark grey back half, an orange stripe running from just below the eye past the ventral fins, and stopping just before the fish's dorsal fin. This fish has a very heavily lyre-shaped tail
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An Achilles tang, a black, lyre-tailed fish with an orange spot just before the caudal peduncle, black dorsal and anal fins with an orange stripe marking the boundary between fin and body. The tail is orange and white
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Dussumier's surgeon, a grey fish with a blue lyre-tail and a white spot on the caudal peduncle.
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A Blue striped snapper, a neon green fish with four horizontal neon blue stripes running the length of its body
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A Parrotfish is a large, dark blue fish with a light blue underbelly and a protruding forehead
References
- ↑ "Hawaiian Fish". hawaii scuba diving. 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-06-15. Retrieved 2013-03-02.
- ↑ "Hawaii Public Forecast Products". National Weather Service. 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
- ↑ Whaling in Hawaii.
- ↑ Stuart Biggs (30 May 2007). "Kyokuyo Joins Maruha to End Whale Meat Sales in Japan". Bloomberg. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
- ↑ Jason Philibotte (2009). "Fisheries Local Action Strategy (LAS)". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Marine Fisheries Service. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
- ↑ McRae, McRae, and Fitzsimons (2011). Habitats used by Juvenile Flagtails (Kuhlia spp.; Perciformes: Kuhliidae) on the Island of Hawai'i. Pacific Science 65(4): 441-450
- 1 2 Fitzsimons; and McRae (2007) Behavioral Ecology of Indigenous Stream Fishes in Hawai‘i. Environmental Studies 3: 11–21.
- ↑ Yamamoto, Mike N.; Tagawa, Annette W. (1 January 2000). Hawaii's Native and Exotic Freshwater Animals. Mutual Pub. ISBN 978-1-56647-342-2.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 Hoover, John P. (2008). The Ultimate Guide to Hawaiian Reef Fishes, Sea Turtles, Dolphins, Whales, and Seals. Mutual Publishing. ISBN 978-1-56647-887-8.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fishbase Pomacanthidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 "Guide to Hawaiian Fish Species". State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources. hawaiiforvisitors.com. 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
- 1 2 3 Fishbase Sphyraenidae
- ↑ Fishbase Polymixiidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Current Line Fish Facts for Bottom Fishes of Hawaii" (PDF). DLNR—Division of Aquatic Resources. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
- 1 2 3 Fishbase Priacanthidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fishbase Blenniidae
- ↑ Fishbase Pentacerotidae
- 1 2 3 Fishbase Albulidae
- 1 2 3 4 Fishbase Ostraciidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Fishbase Chaetodontidae
- ↑ Fishbase Bythitidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fishbase Apogonidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Fishbase Pomacentridae
- 1 2 3 4 5 Fishbase Congridae
- ↑ Fishbase Fistulariidae
- ↑ Fishbase Caracanthidae
- 1 2 3 4
- ↑ Fishbase Ophidiidae
- ↑ Fishbase Microdesmidae
- 1 2 Fishbase Ptereleotridae
- ↑ Fishbase Coryphaenidae
- 1 2 3 4 Fishbase Callionymidae
- ↑ Fishbase Tripterygiidae
- ↑ Fishbase Myliobatidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fishbase Monacanthidae
- 1 2 Fishbase Kuhliidae
- ↑ Fishbase Exocoetidae
- ↑ Fishbase Dactylopteridae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fishbase Antennariidae
- ↑ Fishbase Gempylidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Fishbase Mullidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Fishbase Gobiidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fishbase Serranidae
- 1 2 3 Fishbase Hemiramphidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fishbase Cirrhitidae
- 1 2 3 Fishbase Clupeidae
- 1 2 Fishbase Schindleriidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Fishbase Carangidae
- 1 2 Fishbase Oplegnathidae
- ↑ Fishbase Elopidae
- 1 2 3 Fishbase Bothidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fishbase Synodontidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 Fishbase Istiophoridae
- ↑ Fishbase Chanidae
- ↑ Fishbase Lampridae
- ↑ Fishbase Zanclidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Fishbase Muraenidae
- 1 2 Fishbase Mugilidae
- 1 2 3 4 Fishbase Belonidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fishbase Scaridae
- 1 2 hi Fishbase Carapidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fishbase Syngnathidae
- ↑ Fishbase Bramidae
- 1 2 3 Fishbase Diodontidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fishbase Tetraodontidae
- ↑ Fishbase Mobulidae
- 1 2 Fishbase Echeneidae
- ↑ Fishbase Samaridae
- ↑ Fishbase Creedidae
- ↑ Fishbase Ammodytidae
- ↑ Fishbase Pinguipedidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Fishbase Scorpaenidae
- 1 2 3 4 Fishbase Kyphosidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 Fishbase Carcharinidae
- ↑ Fishbase Dalatiidae
- ↑ Fishbase Sphyrnidae
- ↑ Fishbase Lamnidae
- ↑ Fishbase Atherinidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fishbase Ophichthidae
- ↑ Fishbase Lethrinidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fishbase Lutjanidae
- 1 2 3 Fishbase Soleidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Fishbase Holocentridae
- ↑ Fishbase Microcanthidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Fishbase Acanthuridae
- ↑ Fishbase Xiphiidae
- ↑ Fishbase Polynemidae
- ↑ Fishbase Malacanthidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fishbase Balistidae
- ↑ Fishbase Aulostomidae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fishbase Scombridae
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Fishbase Labridae
Further reading
- Dick Mills. Aquarium Fish Handbook: The Complete Reference from Anemonefish to Zamora Woodcats (3 December 2003 ed.). Barron's Educational Series. ISBN 0-7641-5713-2. - Total pages: 256
External links
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