List of tallest buildings in Hong Kong

Victoria Harbour and the Hong Kong skyline at night

Tallest buildings in Hong Kong.

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) has at least 7,827 high-rise buildings, with no fewer than 1,294 skyscrapers standing taller than 100 m (328 ft) and at least 312 buildings over 150 m (492 ft) in height.^[1][2][3][A] The tallest of these skyscrapers is the 118-storey International Commerce Centre, completed in 2010, which stands 484 m (1,588 ft) and is the ninth tallest building in the world.^[4][5][6] The total built-up height (combined heights) of these skyscrapers is approximately 333.8 km (207 mi),^[7][8] making Hong Kong the world's tallest urban agglomeration. Furthermore, reflective of the SAR's high population densities, Hong Kong has more people living at the 15th floor or higher, more number of buildings of at least 100 m (328 ft) and 150 m (492 ft) height than any other place in the world.^[1][2][8][9]

Most of Hong Kong's high-rise buildings are concentrated on the Kowloon Peninsula, along Hong Kong Island's north shore and in the New Towns (satellite towns) of the New Territories, like Tuen Mun and Sha Tin. Additional high-rise buildings are found on Ap Lei Chau, along Hong Kong Island's southern shoreline and in proximity to rapid transit stations of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR).^[10][11][12]

The skyline of Hong Kong is considered one of the best in the world,^[13] with the surrounding mountains and Victoria Harbour complementing the skyscrapers.^[2][14][15] Each evening, at least 44 skyscrapers and buildings on both sides of Victoria Harbour light up in a synchronised show called A Symphony of Lights, named by the Guinness Book of World Records as the largest permanent light and sound festival in the world.^[7][16]

History

The history of skyscrapers in Hong Kong began in 1935 with the completion of the Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank building, which is regarded as the first high-rise in the city. The building stood 70 m (230 ft) tall with 13 floors and existed for five decades before being demolished for the construction of the HSBC Main Building.^[17] High-rise construction was limited in the early part of the 20th century, but beginning in the 1970s, Hong Kong experienced a general trend of high-rise building construction that has continued to the present. This trend is in large part a result of the city's rugged, mountainous terrain and lack of flat land.^[18][19] The city entered into a building boom from 1980 to 1993, which included the construction and opening of Hopewell Centre (1980), Bank of China Tower (1990), and Central Plaza (1992), three of the territory's tallest buildings.^{[20][21][22][23]}

Beginning in 1998, Hong Kong entered into a second, much larger building boom that lasted until the early 2010s.^[23] The second boom saw the inauguration of the International Commerce Centre, the SAR's first building with more than 100 floors, Two International Finance Centre, Nina Tower I, and One Island East.^{[14][24][25][26]} At the height of the construction boom, in the years 2003 and 2005 alone, the SAR witnessed the completion of 56 and 28 skyscrapers over 150 m (490 ft) in height, respectively. The proliferation of multi-tower, high-rise building complexes, such as public housing estates and transit-oriented developments at or near MTR stations (known as rail + property development), greatly increased the number of skyscrapers in the SAR.^[11][12][23]

Unlike the previous building trend of the 1980s and early 1990s, many high-rise buildings of the second boom contained residential uses due to a surge in demand for luxury housing properties in Hong Kong. In addition, the closure of the Kai Tak Airport and relaxation of height restrictions on the Kowloon Peninsula, allowed many tall skyscrapers to rise in Kowloon, like Sorrento, Langham Place Office Tower, and Cullinan Towers, all of which exceed 200 m (656 ft) in height.^{[27][28][29][30]} Tall skyscrapers also rose out of the New Territories, such as the large developments of Metro Town and LOHAS Park in Tseung Kwan O.^[31][32] However, as a result of heightened community awareness of skyscrapers' effects on air circulation (wall effect), air pollution and urban heat island, opposition to tall and broad buildings (skyscraper walls) arose in the latter part of this building boom.^{[33][34][35][36]}

As of October 2015, there are a total of 146 high-rise buildings under construction or planned in Hong Kong.^[37]

Significant buildings

• International Commerce Centre (abbreviated ICC), located at 1 Austin Road, West Kowloon. It is owned and jointly developed by MTR Corporation Limited and Sun Hung Kai Properties as Phase 7 of the Union Square Development. Rising 484 m (1,588 ft), the ICC is the tallest building in Hong Kong as well as the 9th tallest building in the world. Notable tenants include Deutsche Bank, Credit Suisse, Morgan Stanley, ABN-AMRO and Accenture.^[4][5][6]
• Two International Finance Centre (abbreviated 2IFC), located above the MTR Hong Kong Station at 8 Finance Street, Central. The 2IFC is currently the second tallest building in Hong Kong at 415.8 m (1,364 ft) tall. It became the tallest building in Hong Kong upon its completion in 2003 until it was surpassed by the ICC in 2009. It was built as the second phase of the International Finance Centre commercial development. Notable tenants include UBS, Samsung Electronics, Hong Kong Monetary Authority and BNP Paribas.^[24][38][39]
• Central Plaza, located at 18 Harbour Road, Wan Chai. The Central Plaza is currently the third tallest building in Hong Kong at a pinnacle height of 373.9 m (1,227 ft). It was the tallest building in Hong Kong when it was built in 1992 until it was surpassed by 2IFC in 2003. The Central Plaza was also the tallest building in Asia from 1992 until 1996, surpassed by Shun Hing Square in Shenzhen. The building is notable for its unique exterior shape as well as its LIGHTIME lighting system. It also houses the world's highest church inside a skyscraper, Sky City Church.^[20][40][41]
• Bank of China Tower (abbreviated BOC Tower), located at 1 Garden Road, in Central. Designed by the Pritzker Prize-winning Chinese American architect I.M. Pei, the tower is 315 m (1,033 ft) high with two masts reaching 367.4 m (1,205 ft) high. It is currently the fourth tallest building in Hong Kong. It was the tallest building outside of the United States from 1990 to 1992, and was the first building outside of the United States to pass the 305 m (1,001 ft) mark. The exterior design of the building resembles bamboo shoots, symbolizing livelihood and prosperity in Feng Shui.^[21][42][43]
• Cheung Kong Centre at 2 Queen's Road Central, Central. Standing 282.8 m (928 ft) tall and completed in 1999, this skyscraper is the headquarters of Cheung Kong Holdings. The building's top floor contains a private residence for Cheung Kong Holding's billionaire Chairman Li Ka-Shing.^[44][45][46]
• The Centre, located at 99 Queen's Road Central, Central. Completed in 1998 and standing 346 m (1,135 ft) tall, this building was one of the first large urban renewal projects undertaken by the Land Development Corporation (now Urban Renewal Authority). The skyscraper's unique structure is entirely composed of steel and lacks a reinforced concrete core.^[47][48][49]
• Hopewell Centre, located at 183 Queen's Road East, Wanchai. At 222 m (728 ft) tall, the Hopewell Centre was the tallest building in both Hong Kong and Asia when it was completed in 1980. The building signifies the eastern expansion of Hong Kong's central business district. The Hopewell Centre has a unique cylindrical shaped design with a revolving restaurant on the 62nd level of the building. Designed by Sir Gordon Wu, chairman of Hopewell Holdings, the building serves as the headquarters of his company.^[22][50][51]
• HSBC Main Building (also known as HSBC Tower), located at 1 Queen's Road Central, Central. The building, standing 178.8 m (587 ft) tall, is the headquarters of HSBC, and is the fourth generation of their headquarters. Designed by the famed British architect Norman Foster, the building took seven years to complete, and is noted as being the most expensive building in the world at completion at HK$5.2 billion (US$668 million) in 1985. Together with Statue Square, the building also serves as a gathering place for thousands of Filipino domestic workers during weekends and holidays.^[52][53][54]
• Jardine House, (originally called Connaught Centre^[B]) located at 1 Connaught Place, Central. Upon completion in 1973, the 178.5 m (586 ft)-tall skyscraper was the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia. The building features round windows, as opposed to traditional rectangular windows, for a stronger curtain wall and thinner structural frame. These round windows also earned the building a nickname of "The House of a Thousand Arseholes."^{[55][56][57][58][59]}

Cityscape

A panoramic view of the Kowloon Peninsula skyline with Hong Kong Island skyline in the background.

Tallest buildings

This lists ranks Hong Kong skyscrapers that stand at least 180 m (591 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

Rank	Name^[C]	Image	Height^[D] m (ft)	Floors^[D]^[E]	Use	Year	Coordinates	Notes
1	International Commerce Centre		484 (1,588)	118	Hotel, Office	2010	22°18′12.21″N 114°09′36.61″E / 22.3033917°N 114.1601694°E	9th-tallest building in the world. Tallest building in Hong Kong since 2010; tallest building completed in the 2010s.[4][5][6] World's-highest Hotel: The Ritz-Carlton, Hong Kong
2	Two International Finance Centre		416 (1,364)	88	Office	2003	22°17′07.09″N 114°09′33.37″E / 22.2853028°N 114.1592694°E	24th-tallest building in the world. Tallest building in Hong Kong from 2003 to 2010. Remains tallest building on Hong Kong Island. Tallest building completed in the 2000s.[24][38][39]
3	Central Plaza		374 (1,227)	78	Office	1992	22°16′48.00″N 114°10′25.00″E / 22.2800000°N 114.1736111°E	Tallest building in the world outside of the United States from 1992 to 1996. World's tallest reinforced concrete building until the completion of CITIC Plaza in 1997. Second building outside the U.S. to rise taller than 305 m (1,001 ft), after the Bank of China Tower. Tallest building completed in the 1990s. Houses the highest church in the world.[20][40][41][60]
4	Bank of China Tower		367 (1,205)	70	Office	1990	22°16′45.00″N 114°09′41.00″E / 22.2791667°N 114.1613889°E	First building outside of the United States to rise taller than 305 m (1,001 ft) in height. Stood as the tallest building in the world outside of Chicago and New York City upon completion.[21][42][43][61]
5	The Centre		346 (1,135)	73	Office	1998	22°17′05.00″N 114°09′16.00″E / 22.2847222°N 114.1544444°E	[47][48][49]
6	Nina Tower		319 (1,048)	80	Hotel, Office	2007	22°22′07.00″N 114°06′47.00″E / 22.3686111°N 114.1130556°E	Tallest building in Tsuen Wan.[25][62]
7	One Island East		298 (979)	68	Office	2008	22°17′09.80″N 114°12′48.10″E / 22.2860556°N 114.2133611°E	[26][63]
8	Cheung Kong Centre		283 (928)	63	Office	1999	22°16′46.00″N 114°09′37.00″E / 22.2794444°N 114.1602778°E	[44][45][46]
9	The Cullinan North Tower		270 (886)	68	Residential	2008	22°18′20.84″N 114°09′39.28″E / 22.3057889°N 114.1609111°E	Tallest completed all-residential building in the city.[64][65]
	The Cullinan South Tower		270 (886)	68	Hotel, Residential	2008	22°18′17.40″N 114°09′38.26″E / 22.3048333°N 114.1606278°E	[65][66]
11	The Masterpiece		261 (856)	64	Hotel, Residential	2008	22°17′51.00″N 114°10′26.00″E / 22.2975000°N 114.1738889°E	This building is also known as the Hanoi Road Redevelopment.[67][68]
12	Sorrento 1		256 (841)	75	Residential	2003	22°18′24.24″N 114°09′40.92″E / 22.3067333°N 114.1613667°E	[27][69]
13	Langham Place Office Tower		255 (837)	59	Office	2004	22°19′07.81″N 114°10′06.49″E / 22.3188361°N 114.1684694°E	[28][70]
14	Highcliff		252 (828)	72	Residential	2003	22°15′54.00″N 114°11′03.00″E / 22.2650000°N 114.1841667°E	Locally referred to as "The Chopsticks" due to an extremely slender profile.[71][72]
15	The Harbourside		251 (824)	73	Residential	2004	22°18′11.05″N 114°09′41.40″E / 22.3030694°N 114.1615000°E	[29][73]
16	Manulife Plaza		240 (789)	52	Office	1998	22°16′42.00″N 114°11′04.60″E / 22.2783333°N 114.1846111°E	[74][75]
17	Sorrento 2		236 (773)	66	Residential	2003	22°18′23.97″N 114°09′42.55″E / 22.3066583°N 114.1618194°E	[69][76]
18	The Harbourfront Landmark		233 (763)	70	Residential	2001	22°18′12.00″N 114°11′35.00″E / 22.3033333°N 114.1930556°E	[77][78]
19	The Arch		231 (758)	65	Residential	2005	22°18′12.24″N 114°09′46.73″E / 22.3034000°N 114.1629806°E	[79][80]
20	Cosco Tower		228 (748)	53	Office	1998	22°17′07.55″N 114°09′11.12″E / 22.2854306°N 114.1530889°E	[81][82]
21	The Belcher's Tower 5		227 (744)	61	Residential	2001	22°17′06.28″N 114°08′01.35″E / 22.2850778°N 114.1337083°E	[83][84]
	The Belcher's Tower 6		227 (744)	61	Residential	2001	22°17′07.77″N 114°08′00.34″E / 22.2854917°N 114.1334278°E	[84][85]
23	Hopewell Centre		222 (728)	64	Office	1980	22°16′28.25″N 114°10′17.76″E / 22.2745139°N 114.1716000°E	Tallest building completed in the 1980s.[22][50][51]
24	The Belcher's Tower 1		221 (724)	63	Residential	2000	22°17′04.89″N 114°07′57.41″E / 22.2846917°N 114.1326139°E	[84][86]
	The Belcher's Tower 2		221 (724)	63	Residential	2000	22°17′04.54″N 114°07′58.85″E / 22.2845944°N 114.1330139°E	[84][87]
26	Tregunter 3		220 (721)	66	Residential	1993	22°16′27.67″N 114°09′09.86″E / 22.2743528°N 114.1527389°E	World's tallest residential building from 1993 to 2001.[88][89]
27	The Summit	—	220 (721)	65	Residential	2001	22°15′55.90″N 114°11′01.00″E / 22.2655278°N 114.1836111°E	Locally referred to as "The Chopsticks" due to an extremely slender profile.[90][91]
28	Grand Promenade 2–5		219 (718)	66	Residential	2005	22°17′06.85″N 114°13′28.42″E / 22.2852361°N 114.2245611°E	[92][93]
29	Sorrento 3		218 (715)	64	Residential	2003	22°18′23.06″N 114°09′44.93″E / 22.3064056°N 114.1624806°E	[69][94]
30	LOHAS Park Phase 2B Le Prime Towers 6−8		215 (705)	66	Residential	2011	22°17′39.31″N 114°16′19.82″E / 22.2942528°N 114.2721722°E	Each of the three interconnected buildings have different names for the left and right sides:[32][95] Tower 6, (L): Oxford, (R): Primroses[96][97] Tower 7, (L): Vision, (R): Pink Orchard[98][99] Tower 8, (L): Sunshine, (R): Flora[100][101]
31	Sun Hung Kai Centre		215 (704)	56	Office	1981	22°16′48.80″N 114°10′37.01″E / 22.2802222°N 114.1769472°E	[102][103]
32	The Belcher's Tower 3		214 (704)	61	Residential	2001	22°17′04.91″N 114°08′01.98″E / 22.2846972°N 114.1338833°E	[84][104]
	The Belcher's Tower 8		214 (704)	61	Residential	2001	22°17′08.98″N 114°07′59.75″E / 22.2858278°N 114.1332639°E	[84][105]
34	Island Shangri-La		213 (700)	57	Hotel	1991	22°16′38.00″N 114°09′51.00″E / 22.2772222°N 114.1641667°E	This building is the tallest completed all-hotel building in the city.[106][107]
35	Victoria Towers 1		213 (699)	62	Residential	2003	22°18′07.67″N 114°10′05.46″E / 22.3021306°N 114.1681833°E	[108][109]
	Victoria Towers 2		213 (699)	62	Residential	2003	22°18′08.89″N 114°10′06.34″E / 22.3024694°N 114.1684278°E	[109][110]
	Victoria Towers 3		213 (699)	62	Residential	2003	22°18′09.70″N 114°10′07.62″E / 22.3026944°N 114.1687833°E	[109][111]
	Shining Heights		213 (699)	55	Residential	2009	22°19′31.19″N 114°09′44.52″E / 22.3253306°N 114.1623667°E	[112]
39	Sorrento 5		212 (696)	62	Residential	2003	22°18′22.57″N 114°09′46.18″E / 22.3062694°N 114.1628278°E	[69][113]
	Indi Home		212 (696)	56	Residential	2005	22°21′58.25″N 114°07′05.70″E / 22.3661806°N 114.1182500°E	[114][115][116]
42	LOHAS Park Phase 1 The Capitol Tower 1		210 (689)	61	Residential	2009	22°17′42.86″N 114°16′17.25″E / 22.2952389°N 114.2714583°E	The left side of this building is known as Banff Tower, while the right side is known as Florence Tower.[32][117][118]
	LOHAS Park Phase 1 The Capitol Tower 2		210 (689)	61	Residential	2009	22°17′44.41″N 114°16′17.78″E / 22.2956694°N 114.2716056°E	The left side of this building is known as Lucerne Tower, while the right side is known as Madrid Tower.[32][119][120]
	LOHAS Park Phase 3A Hemera Tower 1		210 (689)	60	Residential	2014	22°17′47.72″N 114°16′09.82″E / 22.2965889°N 114.2693944°E	This building is also known as Diamond Tower.[121]
	LOHAS Park Phase 3A Hemera Tower 2		210 (689)	60	Residential	2014	22°17′48.62″N 114°16′11.20″E / 22.2968389°N 114.2697778°E	This building is also known as Emerald Tower.[122]
	One International Finance Centre		210 (689)	38	Office	1998	22°17′06.52″N 114°09′24.68″E / 22.2851444°N 114.1568556°E	[123][124]
47	Grand Promenade 1		209 (686)	63	Residential	2005	22°17′06.08″N 114°13′26.75″E / 22.2850222°N 114.2240972°E	[93][125][126]
	Grand Promenade 6		209 (686)	63	Residential	2005	22°17′05.93″N 114°13′30.34″E / 22.2849806°N 114.2250944°E	[93][127][128]
49	MetroPlaza Tower 2		209 (685)	47	Office	1992	22°21′26.95″N 114°07′34.83″E / 22.3574861°N 114.1263417°E	[129][130]
50	The Hermitage 1–3		207 (680)	55	Residential	2011	22°19′03.66″N 114°09′54.22″E / 22.3176833°N 114.1650611°E	[131][132]
50	One Silversea 1-8		207 (680)	46	Residential	2006	22°19′31.76″N 114°09′15.65″E / 22.3254889°N 114.1543472°E
51	Sorrento 6		206 (676)	60	Residential	2003	22°18′22.08″N 114°09′47.69″E / 22.3061333°N 114.1632472°E	[69][133]
	LOHAS Park Phase 1 The Capitol Tower 3		206 (676)	59	Residential	2009	22°17′46.03″N 114°16′18.23″E / 22.2961194°N 114.2717306°E	The left side of this building is known as Milan Tower, while the right side is known as Montreal Tower.[32][134][135]
	LOHAS Park Phase 1 The Capitol Tower 5		206 (676)	59	Residential	2009	22°17′47.35″N 114°16′18.77″E / 22.2964861°N 114.2718806°E	The left side of this building is known as Oslo Tower, while the right side is known as Venice Tower.[32][136][137]
	LOHAS Park Phase 2C Le Splendeur Towers 9–11		206 (676)	63	Residential	2012	22°17′41.05″N 114°16′23.08″E / 22.2947361°N 114.2730778°E	Each of the three interconnected buildings have different names for the left and right sides:[32] Tower 9, (L): Almond Blossom, (R): Bouquet[138][139] Tower 10, (L): Flamingos, (R): Irises[140][141] Tower 11, (L): Meadowland, (R): Morning Haze[142][143]
	Bellagio Tower 1–5		206 (676)	64	Residential	2005	22°21′57.31″N 114°03′43.04″E / 22.3659194°N 114.0619556°E	[144]
56	Citibank Plaza		206 (674)	51	Office	1992	22°16′43.32″N 114°09′38.52″E / 22.2787000°N 114.1607000°E	[145][146]
	May House		206 (674)	47	Government	2004	22°16′43.59″N 114°10′04.66″E / 22.2787750°N 114.1679611°E	This building is also known as Arsenal House.[147][148]
58	Metro Town Tower 1		205 (673)	62	Residential	2006	22°18′17.58″N 114°15′09.78″E / 22.3048833°N 114.2527167°E	[149][150]
	Metro Town Tower 2		205 (673)	62	Residential	2006	22°18′16.63″N 114°15′08.74″E / 22.3046194°N 114.2524278°E	[150][151][152]
	Four Seasons Place		205 (673)	55	Hotel, Residential	2005	22°17′11.57″N 114°09′24.60″E / 22.2865472°N 114.1568333°E	[153][154]
61	Hysan Place		204 (670)	36	Office, Retail	2012	22°16′47.28″N 114°11′00.96″E / 22.2798000°N 114.1836000°E	This building is the first pre-certified LEED platinum building in Hong Kong.[155][156]
62	Island Resort Tower 1–2		202 (663)	60	Residential	2001	22°15′59.25″N 114°15′00.52″E / 22.2664583°N 114.2501444°E	[157][158]
	Island Resort Tower 3–5		202 (663)	60	Residential	2001	22°15′56.13″N 114°15′05.14″E / 22.2655917°N 114.2514278°E	[157][159]
	Island Resort Tower 6–7		202 (663)	60	Residential	2001	22°15′58.36″N 114°15′05.20″E / 22.2662111°N 114.2514444°E	[157][160]
	Island Resort Tower 8–9		202 (663)	60	Residential	2001	22°16′00.15″N 114°15′02.77″E / 22.2667083°N 114.2507694°E	[157][161]
66	China Online Centre		201 (660)	52	Office	2000	22°16′45.16″N 114°10′42.10″E / 22.2792111°N 114.1783611°E	[162][163]
67	LOHAS Park Phase 2A Le Prestige Towers 1–3, 5		200 (656)	61	Residential	2010	22°17′35.19″N 114°16′21.45″E / 22.2931083°N 114.2726250°E	Each of the four interconnected buildings have different names for the left and right sides:[32] Tower 1, (L): Moon Light, (R): Mona Lisa[164][165] Tower 2, (L): Swan Lake, (R): Sunflower[166][167] Tower 3, (L): Four Seasons, (R): Starry Night[168][169] Tower 5, (L): Blue Danube, (R): Water Lilies[170][171]
	LOHAS Park Phase 1 The Capitol Tower 6		200 (656)	57	Residential	2009	22°17′49.00″N 114°16′19.61″E / 22.2969444°N 114.2721139°E	The left side of this building is known as Vienna Tower, while the right side is known as Whistler Tower.[32][172][173]
69	Conrad Hong Kong Hotel		199 (653)	61	Hotel, Residential	1991	22°16′36.28″N 114°09′54.48″E / 22.2767444°N 114.1651333°E	[174][175]
70	Queensway Government Offices		199 (652)	56	Office	1985	22°16′40.00″N 114°09′50.00″E / 22.2777778°N 114.1638889°E	[176][177]
71	Le Point Tower 06		198 (651)	60	Residential	2008	22°18′15.67″N 114°15′04.62″E / 22.3043528°N 114.2512833°E	[178]
	Le Point Tower 07		198 (651)	60	Residential	2008	22°18′16.37″N 114°15′04.15″E / 22.3045472°N 114.2511528°E	[178]
73	Bellagio Tower 6–9		198 (650)	60	Residential	2002	22°22′00.54″N 114°03′39.50″E / 22.3668167°N 114.0609722°E	[179]
	The Hermitage 6–8		198 (650)	49	Residential	2011	22°19′03.57″N 114°09′50.30″E / 22.3176583°N 114.1639722°E	[132][180]
75	Manhattan Hill 1–2		198 (649)	51	Residential	2006	22°20′02.78″N 114°08′32.05″E / 22.3341056°N 114.1422361°E	[181][182]
76	The Merton 1		197 (646)	59	Residential	2005	22°17′00.30″N 114°07′34.22″E / 22.2834167°N 114.1261722°E	[183][184]
77	The Pacifica 1		197 (645)	50	Residential	2005	22°20′07.63″N 114°08′58.07″E / 22.3354528°N 114.1494639°E	[185][186]
	The Pacifica 2–5		197 (645)	50	Residential	2005	22°20′05.13″N 114°08′59.22″E / 22.3347583°N 114.1497833°E	[186][187]
	The Pacifica 6		197 (645)	50	Residential	2005	22°20′02.76″N 114°09′00.54″E / 22.3341000°N 114.1501500°E	[186][188]
	The Pacifica 7		197 (645)	50	Residential	2005	22°20′02.62″N 114°08′58.53″E / 22.3340611°N 114.1495917°E	[186][189]
	Wharf Cable Tower		197 (645)	41	Office, Industrial	1993	22°22′22.70″N 114°06′25.70″E / 22.3729722°N 114.1071389°E	Tallest mixed office and industrial building in the city.[190][191]
	Chelsea Court Tower North		197 (645)	59	Residential	2005	22°21′59.87″N 114°07′02.15″E / 22.3666306°N 114.1172639°E	[192]
	Chelsea Court Tower West		197 (645)	59	Residential	2005	22°22′00.49″N 114°07′01.26″E / 22.3668028°N 114.1170167°E	[193]
84	Aigburth		196 (643)	48	Residential	1999	22°16′24.71″N 114°09′10.98″E / 22.2735306°N 114.1530500°E	[194][195]
85	Vision City 2		195 (640)	54	Residential	2007	22°22′12.50″N 114°06′48.81″E / 22.3701389°N 114.1135583°E	[196][197]
	Vision City 3		195 (640)	54	Residential	2007	22°22′13.44″N 114°06′49.59″E / 22.3704000°N 114.1137750°E	[197][198]
	Vision City 5		195 (640)	54	Residential	2007	22°22′14.32″N 114°06′50.88″E / 22.3706444°N 114.1141333°E	This building is also known as Vision City Tower 4.[197][199]
	Le Point Tower 08		195 (640)	59	Residential	2008	22°18′17.74″N 114°15′05.49″E / 22.3049278°N 114.2515250°E	[200]
	Le Point Tower 09		195 (640)	59	Residential	2008	22°18′18.81″N 114°15′06.59″E / 22.3052250°N 114.2518306°E	[200]
	Le Point Tower 10		195 (640)	59	Residential	2008	22°18′19.88″N 114°15′07.69″E / 22.3055222°N 114.2521361°E	[200]
91	Times Square Natwest Tower		194 (636)	40	Office	1993	22°16′41.74″N 114°10′57.67″E / 22.2782611°N 114.1826861°E	[201][202]
92	Primrose Hill Tower 3		193 (634)	58	Residential	2010	22°22′20.35″N 114°07′48.58″E / 22.3723194°N 114.1301611°E	[203]
93	Vision City 1		192 (630)	53	Residential	2007	22°22′10.90″N 114°06′48.16″E / 22.3696944°N 114.1133778°E	[197][204]
94	39 Conduit Road		192 (629)	42	Residential	2009	22°16′54.95″N 114°08′47.84″E / 22.2819306°N 114.1466222°E	[205]
95	Banyan Garden 2		191 (628)	57	Residential	2003	22°20′03.88″N 114°08′49.51″E / 22.3344111°N 114.1470861°E	[206][207]
	Banyan Garden 6		191 (628)	57	Residential	2003	22°20′04.15″N 114°08′52.89″E / 22.3344861°N 114.1480250°E	[207][208]
	Banyan Garden 7		191 (628)	57	Residential	2003	22°20′05.28″N 114°08′52.80″E / 22.3348000°N 114.1480000°E	[207][209]
98	LOHAS Park Phase 3A Hemera Tower 3		190 (624)	54	Residential	2014	22°17′49.31″N 114°16′12.82″E / 22.2970306°N 114.2702278°E	This building is also known as Amber Tower.[210]
	LOHAS Park Phase 3A Hemera Tower 5		190 (624)	54	Residential	2014	22°17′49.90″N 114°16′14.04″E / 22.2971944°N 114.2705667°E	This building is also known as Topaz Tower.[211]
100	The Centrium		189 (620)	41	Office	2001	22°16′50.56″N 114°09′16.88″E / 22.2807111°N 114.1546889°E	[212][213]
	The Merton 2		189 (620)	55	Residential	2005	22°16′59.31″N 114°07′34.43″E / 22.2831417°N 114.1262306°E	[214]
102	Metro Town Tower 3		188 (617)	57	Residential	2006	22°18′15.76″N 114°15′07.75″E / 22.3043778°N 114.2521528°E	[150][215][216]
	Metro Town Tower 5		188 (617)	57	Residential	2006	22°18′14.34″N 114°15′05.95″E / 22.3039833°N 114.2516528°E	This building is known as Metro Town - Tower 4.[150][217][218]
	One Exchange Square		188 (617)	52	Office	1985	22°17′00.00″N 114°09′30.51″E / 22.2833333°N 114.1584750°E	[219]
	Two Exchange Square		188 (617)	52	Office	1985	22°17′01.86″N 114°09′30.18″E / 22.2838500°N 114.1583833°E	[220]
	Oxford House Time Warner	—	188 (617)	41	Office	1999	22°17′12.58″N 114°12′49.64″E / 22.2868278°N 114.2137889°E	[221]
107	Millennium City 5		187 (614)	45	Office	2004	22°18′44.44″N 114°13′30.53″E / 22.3123444°N 114.2251472°E	[222][223]
	Landmark East Tower 1		187 (614)	43	Office	2008	22°18′43.30″N 114°13′23.50″E / 22.3120278°N 114.2231944°E	[224]
	Landmark East Tower 2		187 (614)	43	Hotel, Office	2008	22°18′44.52″N 114°13′20.43″E / 22.3123667°N 114.2223417°E	[225]
	9 Queen's Road Central		187 (614)	39	Office	1991	22°16′49.09″N 114°09′30.56″E / 22.2803028°N 114.1584889°E	[226][227]
111	Entertainment Building		187 (612)	33	Office	1993	22°16′53.40″N 114°09′23.50″E / 22.2815000°N 114.1565278°E	[228][229]
	Manhattan Hill 3		187 (612)	48	Residential	2006	22°20′04.72″N 114°08′32.49″E / 22.3346444°N 114.1423583°E	[182][230]
	Manhattan Hill 5		187 (612)	48	Residential	2006	22°20′06.32″N 114°08′32.77″E / 22.3350889°N 114.1424361°E	[182][231]
	Manhattan Hill 6		187 (612)	48	Residential	2006	22°20′08.01″N 114°08′33.26″E / 22.3355583°N 114.1425722°E	[182][232]
115	Lippo Centre II		186 (610)	48	Office	1988	22°16′45.27″N 114°09′48.25″E / 22.2792417°N 114.1634028°E	[233][234]
116	The Westpoint		186 (609)	41	Office	1999	22°17′16.44″N 114°08′23.28″E / 22.2879000°N 114.1398000°E	[235][236]
117	Standard Chartered Bank Building		185 (607)	42	Office	1990	22°16′48.26″N 114°09′32.55″E / 22.2800722°N 114.1590417°E	[237]
	Sino Plaza		185 (607)	38	Office	1992	22°16′52.93″N 114°10′56.03″E / 22.2813694°N 114.1822306°E	[238][239]
	Manhattan Heights		185 (607)	55	Residential	2000	22°17′01.00″N 114°07′38.30″E / 22.2836111°N 114.1273056°E	[240][241]
	AIA Central		185 (607)	40	Office	2005	22°16′52.50″N 114°09′42.50″E / 22.2812500°N 114.1618056°E	This building was formerly known as AIG Tower.[242][243]
121	Festival City III Tower 1		185 (606)	58	Residential	2011	22°22′16.13″N 114°10′35.56″E / 22.3711472°N 114.1765444°E	[244]
	Festival City III Tower 2		185 (606)	58	Residential	2011	22°22′17.18″N 114°10′36.97″E / 22.3714389°N 114.1769361°E	[245]
	Festival City III Tower 3		185 (606)	58	Residential	2011	22°22′18.12″N 114°10′38.33″E / 22.3717000°N 114.1773139°E	[246]
	Festival City III Tower 5		185 (606)	58	Residential	2011	22°22′18.93″N 114°10′39.77″E / 22.3719250°N 114.1777139°E	[247]
125	Ocean Pointe	—	184 (603)	54	Residential	2001	22°21′56.52″N 114°03′44.64″E / 22.3657000°N 114.0624000°E	[248][249]
126	Vision City 6		183 (600)	50	Residential	2007	22°22′14.42″N 114°06′52.19″E / 22.3706722°N 114.1144972°E	This building is also known as Vision City Tower 5.[197][250]
127	Banyan Garden 5		183 (599)	54	Residential	2003	22°20′02.62″N 114°08′52.73″E / 22.3340611°N 114.1479806°E	[207][251]
128	Three Pacific Place	—	182 (597)	40	Office	2004	22°16′36.40″N 114°10′05.37″E / 22.2767778°N 114.1681583°E	[252][253]
	Branksome Crest	—	182 (597)	47	Residential	2003	22°16′22.35″N 114°09′18.59″E / 22.2728750°N 114.1551639°E	[254]
130	Convention Plaza Office Tower		181 (595)	50	Office	1990	22°16′50.41″N 114°10′26.34″E / 22.2806694°N 114.1739833°E	[255][256]
131	Liberté 1		181 (593)	51	Residential	2003	22°20′02.54″N 114°08′54.81″E / 22.3340389°N 114.1485583°E	[257][258]
	Liberté 2		181 (593)	51	Residential	2003	22°20′02.64″N 114°08′55.93″E / 22.3340667°N 114.1488694°E	[257][259]
	Liberté 3		181 (593)	51	Residential	2003	22°20′02.69″N 114°08′57.05″E / 22.3340806°N 114.1491806°E	[257][260]
	Immigration Tower		181 (593)	49	Office	1990	22°16′47.00″N 114°10′23.00″E / 22.2797222°N 114.1730556°E	[261][262]
	Revenue Tower		181 (593)	49	Office	1990	22°16′47.00″N 114°10′19.00″E / 22.2797222°N 114.1719444°E	[263][264]
136	AIA Tower		180 (592)	44	Office	1999	22°17′19.59″N 114°11′32.06″E / 22.2887750°N 114.1922389°E	[265][266]
137	The Merton 3		180 (591)	51	Residential	2005	22°16′58.21″N 114°07′35.77″E / 22.2828361°N 114.1266028°E	[184]
	Sham Wan Towers 1		180 (591)	51	Residential	2003	22°14′37.35″N 114°09′30.55″E / 22.2437083°N 114.1584861°E	[267][268]
	Sham Wan Towers 2		180 (591)	51	Residential	2003	22°14′37.87″N 114°09′31.56″E / 22.2438528°N 114.1587667°E	[268][269]
	Sham Wan Towers 3		180 (591)	45	Residential	2003	22°14′38.43″N 114°09′32.68″E / 22.2440083°N 114.1590778°E	[268][270]
	Liberté 5		180 (591)	52	Residential	2003	22°20′04.98″N 114°08′56.80″E / 22.3347167°N 114.1491111°E	[257][271]
	Liberté 6		180 (591)	52	Residential	2003	22°20′06.95″N 114°08′56.80″E / 22.3352639°N 114.1491111°E	[257][272]
143	Banyan Garden 3		180 (590)	53	Residential	2003	22°20′02.43″N 114°08′49.89″E / 22.3340083°N 114.1471917°E	[207][273][274]

* Indicates still under construction, but has been topped out.

Tallest buildings under construction or planned

This list ranks under construction, topped out and planned buildings that are expected to stand at least 180 metres (591 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building is expected to be complete. A floor count of 50 stories is used as the cutoff in place of a height of 180 m (591 ft) for buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers.

Name	Height^[D] m (ft)	Floors^[D]^[E]	Use	Year*	Status	Coordinates	Notes
New World Centre Redevelopment	265 (869)	63	Hotel, Office	2016	Under construction	22°17′41.72″N 114°10′32.84″E / 22.2949222°N 114.1757889°E	[275][276]
Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Landmark Tower	260 (853)	63	Multiple	2017	Site preparation	22°18′47.25″N 114°13′33.92″E / 22.3131250°N 114.2260889°E	Project height and floor count were scaled down from 280 m and 68 floors.[277][278]
Somerset House Redevelopment	225 (738)	51	Office	2018	Under construction	22°17′14.78″N 114°12′46.06″E / 22.2874389°N 114.2127944°E	This project is also known as Taikoo Place Redevelopment Phase 2A Building. Project height reduced from original 295 m to 225 m.[279][280][281]
Hopewell Centre II	210 (689)	55	Hotel	2018	Under construction	22°16′29.65″N 114°10′15.66″E / 22.2749028°N 114.1710167°E	[282][283][284]
Taikoo Place Redevelopment Phase 2B Building	195 (640)	46	Office	—	Approved	22°17′11.87″N 114°12′46.06″E / 22.2866306°N 114.2127944°E	This project is also known as Warwick House Redevelopment. Project height increased from 160 m to 195 m. Project will begin no earlier than 2016, after Somerset House redevelopment.[279][280]

*Table entry without text indicate that one or more of the following information regarding building heights, floor counts and/or year of completion has not yet been released.

Timeline of tallest buildings

This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Hong Kong.

Name	Image	Years as tallest	Height m (ft)	Floors^[E]	Location	Reference
Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank Building (3rd Generation)		1935–1950 (15 years)	70 (230)	13	1 Queen's Road Central 22°16′48.00″N 114°09′34.00″E / 22.2800000°N 114.1594444°E	[17]
Bank of China Building		1950–1966 (16 years)	76 (250)	17	2A Des Voeux Road Central 22°16′48.93″N 114°09′36.20″E / 22.2802583°N 114.1600556°E	[285][286]
Kiu Kwan Mansion		1966–1971 (5 years)	95 (312)	28	395 King's Road 22°17′28.32″N 114°11′57.12″E / 22.2912000°N 114.1992000°E	[287]
Pearl City Mansion	—	1971–1973 (2 years)	109 (358)	34	22-36 Paterson Street 22°16′51.60″N 114°11′08.88″E / 22.2810000°N 114.1858000°E	[288]
Connaught Centre^[B]		1973–1980 (7 years)	179 (586)	52	1 Connaught Place 22°16′59.00″N 114°09′32.00″E / 22.2830556°N 114.1588889°E	[58]
Hopewell Centre		1980–1990 (10 years)	222 (728)	64	183 Queen's Road East 22°16′28.25″N 114°10′17.76″E / 22.2745139°N 114.1716000°E	[50]
Bank of China Tower		1990–1992 (2 years)	367 (1,205)	70	1 Garden Road 22°16′45.00″N 114°09′41.00″E / 22.2791667°N 114.1613889°E	[42]
Central Plaza		1992–2003 (11 years)	374 (1,227)	78	18 Harbour Road 22°16′48.00″N 114°10′25.00″E / 22.2800000°N 114.1736111°E	[40]
Two International Finance Centre		2003–2010 (7 years)	416 (1,364)	88	8 Finance Street 22°17′07.09″N 114°09′33.37″E / 22.2853028°N 114.1592694°E	[38]
International Commerce Centre		2010–present	484 (1,588)	118	1 Austin Road, Kowloon 22°18′12.21″N 114°09′36.61″E / 22.3033917°N 114.1601694°E	[5]

Notable abandoned, cancelled and vision projects

This lists notable projects that were abandoned, cancelled or never meant to be built that had a planned height of at least 400 m (1,300 ft).

Name	Height m (ft)	Floors*	Notes
Bionic Tower	1,128 (3,701)^[F]	300	A visionary proposal for a vertical city housing at least 100,000 people.[289][290][291]
Kowloon MTR Tower	574 (1,883)^[G]	102	Original proposal for the Union Square development project in Kowloon was planned to be a candidate for the tallest building in the world. New height restriction laws prohibited buildings from rising taller than surrounding mountains, forcing a reduction in height. Project was also known as Kowloon Station Phase 7. The project now completed as International Commerce Centre.[292][293][294]
Original Nina Tower Proposal	518 (1,699)	108	The original proposal for Nina Tower was planned to be the world's tallest building in 1994. The proposal was rejected by the government due to the project's location near a major airway of the newly established Hong Kong International Airport. The as-built tower is literally split in two, with the dominant part being Nina Tower and the smaller part being Teddy Tower.[295][296]
SAR Government Centre	450 (1,476)	—	Project was moved to the Tamar Site and built as the Central Government Complex.[297]
The Gateway III	405 (1,329)^[H]	96	Project was rejected due to conflict with height restriction laws and ultimately cancelled.[298][299]
Hong Kong Wanchai Tower	400 (1,312)	—	[300][301]

* Table entries without text indicate that information regarding floor counts have not been determined or remain unknown.

Demolished buildings

The following are buildings that were demolished which once stood at least 40 m (131 ft) tall.

Name	Image	Height m (ft)	Floors	Years existed	Coordinates	Replacement building	Notes
The Ritz-Carlton Hong Kong (Central)		142 (465)	31	1993–2009 (16 years)	22°16′52.88″N 114°09′41.28″E / 22.2813556°N 114.1614667°E	China Construction Bank Tower	[302][303]
Hennessy Centre		140 (458)	41	1983–2008 (25 years)	22°16′47.28″N 114°11′0.96″E / 22.2798000°N 114.1836000°E	Hysan Place	[304]
Furama Kempinski Hotel		110 (360)	33	1973–2002 (29 years)	22°16′52.50″N 114°09′42.50″E / 22.2812500°N 114.1618056°E	AIG Tower (now AIA Central)	[305]
Lodge on the Park	—	97 (317)	29	1988–2011 (23 years)	22°16′35.00″N 114°09′25.50″E / 22.2763889°N 114.1570833°E	Kennedy Park at Central	[306][307]
Beautiful City Building	—	93 (306)	28	1978–c. 2003 (~25 years)	22°17′21.70″N 114°12′33.52″E / 22.2893611°N 114.2093111°E	CASA 880	[308]
Tai Sang Commercial Building	—	90 (295)	27	1997–2009 (12 years)	22°16′38.74″N 114°10′09.67″E / 22.2774278°N 114.1693528°E	24-34 Hennessy Road Redevelopment	[309][310][311]
Hong Kong Hilton		87 (284)	26	1962–1992 (30 years)	22°16′47.21″N 114°09′37.80″E / 22.2797806°N 114.1605000°E	Cheung Kong Centre	[312]
Elegant Court	—	83 (273)	25	1987–c. 2009 (~22 years)	22°17′09.73″N 114°11′26.76″E / 22.2860361°N 114.1907667°E	Twenty One Whitfield	[313]
Crocodile House 1	—	77 (251)	23	1982–2008 (26 years)	22°17′06.18″N 114°09′21.29″E / 22.2850500°N 114.1559139°E	Agricultural Bank of China Tower (50 Connaught Road Central)	[314][315]
Melbourne Industrial Building	—	77 (251)	23	1977–2005 (28 years)	22°17′09.74″N 114°12′48.39″E / 22.2860389°N 114.2134417°E	One Island East	[26][316]
Aik San Factory Building	—	73 (240)	22	1972–2005 (33 years)	22°17′08.62″N 114°12′48.37″E / 22.2857278°N 114.2134361°E		[26][317][318]
Lee Gardens Hotel		73 (240)	22	c. 1970s–c. 1990s (~20 years)	22°16′42.00″N 114°11′04.60″E / 22.2783333°N 114.1846111°E	Manulife Plaza	[319]
Ananda Tower	—	70 (229)	21	?–2008 (? years)	22°17′06.89″N 114°09′20.78″E / 22.2852472°N 114.1557722°E	Agricultural Bank of China Tower (50 Connaught Road Central)	[315][320]
Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank (3rd Generation)		70 (230)	13	1935–1978 (43 years)	22°16′48.00″N 114°09′34.00″E / 22.2800000°N 114.1594444°E	HSBC Building (Current)	[17][53][321]
Swire House	—	67 (219)	20	1962–1998 (36 years)	22°16′56.01″N 114°09′30.24″E / 22.2822250°N 114.1584000°E	Chater House	This building was originally known as Union House.[322][323]
Crocodile House 2	—	63 (208)	19	1966–2008 (42 years)	22°17′06.60″N 114°09′20.99″E / 22.2851667°N 114.1558306°E	Agricultural Bank of China Tower (50 Connaught Road Central)	[315][324]
Chartered Bank Building	—	60 (197)	18	1959–1986 (27 years)	22°16′48.26″N 114°09′32.55″E / 22.2800722°N 114.1590417°E	Standard Chartered Bank Building	[237][325][326]
Hyatt Regency Hong Kong	—	60 (197)	18	1964–2006 (42 years)	22°17′49.00″N 114°10′19.00″E / 22.2969444°N 114.1719444°E	iSQUARE	This building was also known as the President Hotel.[327][328]
Tung Ying Building		57 (186)	17	1965–2006 (41 years)	22°17′58.56″N 114°10′19.92″E / 22.2996000°N 114.1722000°E	The ONE	[329][330]
Tung Sang Building	—	57 (186)	17	1972–2006 (34 years)	22°16′36.80″N 114°10′13.29″E / 22.2768889°N 114.1703583°E	York Place	[331][332]
City East Building	—	53 (175)	16	1973–2007 (34 years)	22°16′29.18″N 114°10′21.56″E / 22.2747722°N 114.1726556°E	Gardeneast Serviced Apartments	[333]
Jardine House (3rd Generation)	—	53 (175)	16	1957–1980 (23 years)	22°16′54.84″N 114°09′26.64″E / 22.2819000°N 114.1574000°E	Wheelock House	[334][335]
Chiao Shang Building	—	50 (164)	15	1964–2004 (40 years)	22°16′59.99″N 114°09′17.79″E / 22.2833306°N 114.1549417°E	100QRC (100 Queen's Road Central)	[336][337]
Dragon Seed Building	—	43 (142)	13	1966–2008 (42 years)	22°16′57.26″N 114°09′22.27″E / 22.2825722°N 114.1561861°E	Prosperity Tower (39 Queen's Road Central)	[338]
Luk Hoi Tong Building		43 (142)	13	1961–2008 (47 years)	22°16′55.46″N 114°09′23.54″E / 22.2820722°N 114.1565389°E	LHT Tower (31 Queen's Road Central)	[339][340]
Alexandra House (2nd Generation)	—	43 (142)	13	1952–1974 (22 years)	22°16′54.04″N 114°09′30.52″E / 22.2816778°N 114.1584778°E	Alexandra House (Current)	[341][342]
Kingsford Industrial Centre	—	40 (131)	12	1986–2006 (20 years)	22°17′37.58″N 114°14′12.76″E / 22.2937722°N 114.2368778°E	The Spectacle	[343]

See also

• Architecture of Hong Kong
• List of tallest buildings and structures in the world by country
• List of cities with most skyscrapers

Notes

A.¹ The figure of 312 counts only buildings with known height figures greater than 150 m (492 ft). There are a number of completed buildings that are at least 50 stories tall that do not have height figures listed as seen here , here and here on Emporis as well as CTBUH. It is possible but not definite that some of these skyscrapers are taller than 150 m (492 ft); thus, it is safe to only be stated that there are at least 310 buildings that are at least 150 m (492 ft) high.

B.^{1 2} This building was constructed as the Connaught Centre, but has since been renamed Jardine House.

C.¹ Tower numbers may not be assigned sequentially in Hong Kong's multi-tower complexes due to the number 4 and its meaning in Chinese culture. Hence, it is common practice to skip the label "Tower 4" in complexes with four or more actual towers. A building named "Tower 8" in a complex may not imply that there are eight actual towers in said complex. As an example, a complex of six actual towers may have the first trio of towers be assigned Towers 1, 2, 3 and the second trio Towers 5, 6 and 7. The same may occur for large projects that have four or more phases of development.^[344]

D.^{1 2 3 4} For groups of two or more interconnected buildings, the height shown refers to the tallest building of the group. The floor count shown refers to that of the tallest building in question.

E.^{1 2 3} Due to common practice of skipping floors with the number 4 (e.g. 4, 14, 24, 34, ... and so on) and 13 in Hong Kong, floors may not be labelled sequentially. Thus a building's total count of actual floors may not be equal to the number of the top floor. As an example, one residential tower has a top floor labelled "88", but contains only 42 actual floors. Sources that state the number of the top floor for a building's floor count may overstate the actual number of floors for the building in question. See numbers in Chinese culture, unlucky 13 and thirteenth floor for more background information.^[344]

F.¹ Two height figures were given for the Bionic Tower: 1,128 m (3,701 ft) and 1,228 m (4,029 ft). An official figure has not been determined.

G.¹ One design iteration of the Kowloon MTR Tower has a spire that reached 610 m (2,001 ft) in height.

H.¹ Two height figures were given for the Gateway Tower III: 405 m (1,329 ft) and 450 m (1,476 ft). An official figure has not been determined.

References

General

• CTBUH.org - Hong Kong
• Emporis.com - Demolished buildings of Hong Kong

Specific

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20. "Central Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
21. "Bank of China Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
22. "Hopewell Centre". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
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24. "Two International Finance Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
25. "Nina Tower I". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
26. "One Island East". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
27. "Sorrento 1". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
28. "Langham Place Office Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
29. "The Harbourside". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
30. Steve, Fallon (2006). Hong Kong and Macau. Lonely Planet Publishing. ISBN 981-258-246-0.
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32. "LOHAS Park Complex". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
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34. Yung, Chester (2006-12-21). "`Asia's walled city' leaves - residents longing for air". The Standard Newspaper Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
35. Wong, Man-Sing; Nichol, Janet; Ng, Edward (2011-06-08). "A study of the "wall effect" caused by proliferation of high-rise buildings using GIS technique" (PDF). Landscape and Urban Planning (Elsevier B.V.) 102 (4): 245–253. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.05.003. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
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38. "2 International Finance Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
39. "Two International Finance Centre". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
40. "Central Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
41. "Central Plaza". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
42. "Bank of China Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
43. "Bank of China Tower". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
44. "Cheung Kong Centre". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
45. "Cheung Kong Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
46. "Cheung Kong Centre". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
47. "The Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
48. "The Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
49. "The Center". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
50. "Hopewell Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
51. "Hopewell Centre". The Skyscraper Centre. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
52. "Hong Kong And Shanghai Bank". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
53. "Hongkong & Shanghai Bank". Emporis. Emporis. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
54. "HSBC Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
55. Campanella, Thomas (2012). The Concrete Dragon: China's Urban Revolution and What it Means for the World. Chronicle Books. p. 139. ISBN 9781568989488.
56. "Jardine makes enemies where it needs friends". The Independent. 23 October 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
57. "Jardine House". Emporis. Emporis. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
58. "Jardine House". SkyscraperPage.com. Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
59. "Jardine House". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
60. "CITIC Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
61. "About BOC Tower". Bank of China. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
62. "Nina Tower 1 & 2". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
63. "One Island East". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
64. "The Cullinan North Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
65. "Union Square Phase 6". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
66. "The Cullinan South Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
67. "Hotel Panorama". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
68. "Hanoi Road Redevelopment". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
69. "The Sorrento". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
70. "Langham Place Office Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
71. "Highcliff". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
72. "Highcliff". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
73. "The HarbourSide". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
74. "Manulife Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
75. "Manulife Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
76. "Sorrento 2". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
77. "The Harbourfront Landmark". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
78. "Harbourfront Landmark". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
79. "The Arch". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
80. "The Arch". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
81. "Cosco Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
82. "Cosco Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
83. "The Belcher's Tower 5". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
84. "The Belcher's". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
85. "The Belcher's Tower 6". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
86. "The Belcher's Tower 1". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
87. "The Belcher's Tower 2". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
88. "Tregunter 3". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
89. "Tregunter Tower 3". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
90. "The Summit". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
91. "The Summit". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
92. "Grand Promenade 2-5". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
93. "Grand Promenade". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
94. "Sorrento 3". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
95. "LOHAS Park Phase 2B Le Prime". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
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98. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2B LE PRIME > TOWER 7 - L WING". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
99. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2B LE PRIME > TOWER 7 - R WING". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
100. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2B LE PRIME > TOWER 8 - L WING". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
101. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2B LE PRIME > TOWER 8 - R WING". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
102. "Sun Hung Kai Centre". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
103. "Sun Hung Kai Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
104. "The Belcher's Tower 3". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
105. "The Belcher's Tower 8". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
106. "Shangri-La Hotel". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
107. "Shangri-La Hotel". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
108. "Victoria Towers 1". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
109. "Victoria Towers". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
110. "Victoria Towers 2". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
111. "Victoria Towers 3". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
112. "Shining Heights". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
113. "Sorrento 5". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
114. "Indi Home". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
115. "Indi Home". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
116. "Indi Home". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
117. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 1 THE CAPITOL > BANFF (TOWER 1 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
118. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 1 THE CAPITOL > FLORENCE (TOWER 1 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
119. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 1 THE CAPITOL > LUCERNE (TOWER 2 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
120. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 1 THE CAPITOL > MADRID (TOWER 2 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
121. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 3A HEMERA > DIAMOND (TOWER 1)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
122. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 3A HEMERA > EMERALD (TOWER 2)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
123. "One International Finance Centre". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
124. "1 International Finance Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
125. "Grand Promenade 1". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
126. "Grand Promenade Tower 1". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
127. "Grand Promenade 6". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
128. "Grand Promenade Tower 6". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
129. "Metro Plaza Tower 2". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
130. "Metroplaza Tower 2". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
131. "The Hermitage 1-3". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
132. "The Hermitage". SkyscraperPage.com. Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
133. "Sorrento 6". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
134. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 1 THE CAPITOL > MILAN (TOWER 3 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
135. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 1 THE CAPITOL > MONTREAL (TOWER 3 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
136. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 1 THE CAPITOL > OSLO (TOWER 5 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
137. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 1 THE CAPITOL > VENICE (TOWER 5 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
138. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2C LA SPLENDEUR > ALMOND BLOSSOM (TOWER 9 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
139. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2C LA SPLENDEUR > BOUQUET (TOWER 9 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
140. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2C LA SPLENDEUR > FLAMINGOS (TOWER 10 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
141. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2C LA SPLENDEUR > IRISES (TOWER 10 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
142. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2C LA SPLENDEUR > MEADOWLAND (TOWER 11 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
143. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2C LA SPLENDEUR > MORNING HAZE (TOWER 11 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
144. "Bellagio Tower 1-5". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
145. "Citibank Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
146. "Citibank Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
147. "May House". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
148. "May House". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
149. "Metro Town Tower 1". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
150. "Metro Town - Tower 1". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
151. "Metro Town Tower 2". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
152. "Metro Town - Tower 2". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
153. "Four Seasons Place". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
154. "Four Seasons Place". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
155. "Hysan Place". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
156. "KPF's latest green high rise". Worldarchitecturenews.com. 2012-09-05. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
157. "Island Resort". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
158. "Island Resort Tower 1–2". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
159. "Island Resort Tower 3-5". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
160. "Island Resort Tower 6-7". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
161. "Island Resort Tower 8-9". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
162. "China Online Centre". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
163. "China Online Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
164. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2A LE PRESTIGE > MOON LIGHT (TOWER 1 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
165. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2A LE PRESTIGE > MONA LISA (TOWER 1 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
166. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2A LE PRESTIGE > SWAN LAKE (TOWER 2 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
167. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2A LE PRESTIGE > SUN FLOWER (TOWER 2 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
168. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2A LE PRESTIGE > FOUR SEASONS (TOWER 3 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
169. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2A LE PRESTIGE > STARRY NIGHT (TOWER 3 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
170. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2A LE PRESTIGE > BLUE DANUBE (TOWER 5 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
171. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 2A LE PRESTIGE > WATER LILIES (TOWER 5 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
172. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 1 THE CAPITOL > VIENNA (TOWER 6 - L WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
173. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 1 THE CAPITOL > WHISTLER (TOWER 6 - R WING)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
174. "Conrad International Hotel". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
175. "Conrad International Hotel". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
176. "Queensway Government Office Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
177. "Queensway Government Office Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
178. "Le Point Tower 6-7". SkyscraperPage.com. Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
179. "Bellagio Tower 6-9". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
180. "The Hermitage 6-8". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
181. "Manhattan Hill 1—2". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
182. "Manhattan Hill". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
183. "The Merton 1". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
184. "The Merton". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
185. "The Pacifica 1". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
186. "The Pacifica". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
187. "The Pacifica 2—5". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
188. "The Pacifica 6". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
189. "The Pacifica 7". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
190. "Cable TV Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
191. Wharf Cable Tower at CTBUH Skyscraper Database
192. "Tower South". Emporis. Emporis. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
193. "Tower West". Emporis. Emporis. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
194. "Aigburth". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
195. "Aigburth". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
196. "Vision City 2". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
197. "Vision City". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
198. "Vision City 3". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
199. "Vision City 5". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
200. "Le Point Tower 8-10". SkyscraperPage.com. Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
201. "Times Square Natwest Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
202. "Times Square Natwest Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
203. "Primrose Hill Tower 3". Emporis. Emporis. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
204. "Vision City 1". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
205. "39 Conduit Road". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
206. "Banyan Garden 2". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
207. "Banyan Garden". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
208. "Banyan Garden 6". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
209. "Banyan Garden 7". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
210. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 3A HEMERA > AMBER (TOWER 3)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
211. "All Transaction Estates > LOHAS PARK > PHASE 3A HEMERA > TOPAZ (TOWER 5)". Centadata: Transaction History. Centadata Company Limited. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
212. "The Centrium". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
213. "The Centrium". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
214. "The Merton 2". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
215. "Metro Town Tower 3". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
216. "Metro Town - Tower 3". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
217. "Metro Town Tower 5". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
218. "Metro Town - Tower 4". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
219. "One Exchange Square". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
220. "Two Exchange Square". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
221. "Oxford House Time Warner". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
222. "Millennium City 5". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
223. "Millennium City 5". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
224. "Landmark East Tower 1". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
225. "Landmark East Tower 2". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
226. "9 Queen's Road Central". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
227. "9 Queens Road Central". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
228. "Entertainment Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
229. "Entertainment Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
230. "Manhattan Hill 3". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
231. "Manhattan Hill 5". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
232. "Manhattan Hill 6". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
233. "Lippo Centre II". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
234. "Lippo Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
235. "The Westpoint". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
236. "The Westpoint". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
237. "Standard Chartered Bank Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
238. "Sino Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
239. "Sino Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
240. "Manhattan Heights". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
241. "Manhattan Heights". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
242. "AIG Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
243. "AIG Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
244. "Festival City III Tower 1". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
245. "Festival City III Tower 2". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
246. "Festival City III Tower 3". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
247. "Festival City III Tower 5". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
248. "Ocean Pointe". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
249. "Ocean Pointe". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
250. "Vision City 6". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
251. "Banyan Garden 5". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
252. "Three Pacific Place". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
253. "Three Pacific Place". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
254. "Branksome Crest". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
255. "Convention Plaza Office Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
256. "Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
257. "Liberte". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
258. "Liberte 1". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
259. "Liberte 2". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
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External links

• Diagram of Hong Kong skyscrapers on SkyscraperPage
• Evolution of the Hong Kong Skyline