Bob Corker

Bob Corker
United States Senator
from Tennessee
Assumed office
January 3, 2007
Serving with Lamar Alexander
Preceded by Bill Frist
Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Assumed office
January 3, 2015
Preceded by Bob Menendez
71st Mayor of Chattanooga
In office
April 16, 2001 – April 18, 2005
Preceded by Jon Kinsey
Succeeded by Ron Littlefield
Personal details
Born Robert Phillips Corker, Jr.
(1952-08-24) August 24, 1952
Orangeburg, South Carolina, U.S.
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Elizabeth (m. 1987)
Children Julia
Emily
Alma mater University of Tennessee
Religion Presbyterianism
Website Senate website

Robert Phillips "Bob" Corker, Jr.[1] (born August 24, 1952) is an American politician and the junior United States Senator from Tennessee, serving since 2007. Corker, a member of the Republican Party, is currently the chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in the 114th congress.

Born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, Corker is a graduate of the University of Tennessee. In 1978 at the age of 25, Corker founded a successful construction company, which he later sold in 1990. He ran for the 1994 U.S. Senate election in Tennessee, but was defeated by future Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist in the Republican primary. Appointed by Tennessee Governor Don Sundquist, Corker served as Commissioner of Finance and Administration for the State of Tennessee from 1995 to 1996. He later acquired two of the largest real estate companies in Chattanooga, Tennessee, before being elected the 71st Mayor of Chattanooga in 2000; serving one term as Mayor from 2001 to 2005.

Corker announced his candidacy for the 2006 U.S. Senate election in Tennessee after two-term incumbent Bill Frist announced his retirement from the Senate. Corker defeated former Representatives Ed Bryant and Van Hilleary in the Republican primary, with 47% of the vote. He later defeated Democratic Representative Harold Ford, Jr. in the general election, with 51% of the vote. In 2012 Corker was re-elected, defeating Democrat Mark E. Clayton by 65% to 30%.

Early life and family

Corker was born in Orangeburg, South Carolina,[2] the son of Jean J. (née Hutto) and Robert Phillips "Phil" Corker. He moved to Tennessee at the age of 11.[3] He graduated from Chattanooga High School in 1970 and earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Management from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1974. Corker is a member of Sigma Chi fraternity. He and his wife Elizabeth, whom he married on January 10, 1987, have two daughters.[4] The family's permanent residence is at the Anne Haven Mansion, built by Coca-Cola Bottling Company heirs Anne Lupton and Frank Harrison.[5] Corker's roommate in the Sigma Chi fraternity was Cleveland Browns owner Jimmy Haslam,[6] whose brother is the current Tennessee governor Bill Haslam. During his twenties Corker participated in a mission trip to Haiti, which he credits with inspiring him to become more active in his home community. Following his return, Corker helped found the Chattanooga Neighborhood Enterprise, a nonprofit organization that has provided low-interest home loans and home maintenance education to thousands of Tennesseans since its creation in 1986.[7][8][9]

Business career

In an interview with Esquire, Corker said that he started working when he was 13, collecting trash and bagging ice. Later he worked at Western Auto and as a construction laborer.[10] After graduation from the University of Tennessee, he then worked for four years as a construction superintendent.[11] During this time he saved up $8,000, which he used to start a construction company, Bencor, in 1978.[12] The company's first large contract was with Krystal restaurants, building drive-through windows.[11] The construction company became successful, growing at 80 percent per year, according to Corker, and by the mid-1980s carried out projects in 18 states.[10][12] He sold the company in 1990.[13] In 1999, Corker acquired two of the largest real estate companies in Chattanooga: Osborne Building Corporation and Stone Fort Land Company.[11] In 2006 he sold the properties and assets that had formed these companies to Chattanooga businessman Henry Luken.[14]

In recognition of his business success, the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga named him to their “Entrepreneurial Hall of Fame.”[11] Corker has said that he believes his business background has been valuable in his political career and that experience "gives [him] unique insights and allows [him] to weigh in, in valuable ways".[12] As of 2008, Corker's assets were estimated at $19.19 million.[15][16]

1994 Senate campaign

Corker first ran for the United States Senate in 1994, finishing second in the Republican primary to eventual winner Bill Frist. During the primary campaign, Frist's campaign manager labeled Corker "pond scum" in an attack.[17] Despite the rhetoric, Corker arrived in Nashville the morning after the primary to offer the Frist campaign his assistance. He went on to campaign for Frist in the general election.[18][19]

From 1995 to 1996, Corker was appointed Commissioner of Finance and Administration for the State of Tennessee, working for Governor Don Sundquist.[2]

Mayor of Chattanooga

Modern extension of the Hunter Museum of American Art

Corker served as mayor of Chattanooga from 2001–2005. During his tenure in office he implemented a merit based bonus system for teachers. The system, established in 2002, awards teachers and principals bonuses for improving student performance at Chattanooga's lowest performing schools.[20] Two years after its implementation a study published in The Tennessean showed that the percentage of third graders reading at or above grade level had increased from 53% to 74%.[21] However, a report by the think tank Education Sector suggested that specific teacher training had at least as much to do with the student improvement.[22]

In 2003 Corker started a program called ChattanoogaRESULTS, facilitating monthly meetings with public service department administrators to evaluate their performance and set goals for improvement. The program has been continued by succeeding mayor Ron Littlefield.[23] Corker has credited the increased collaboration between departments for decreasing crime in Chattanooga. City data showed a nearly 26% decrease in crime and a 50.2% reduction in violent crimes between 2001 and 2004.[24]

Corker was also heavily involved in the development of the Enterprise South Industrial Park in Chattanooga, and later, as senator, worked with state and local officials to recruit Volkswagen to open a production facility at the site.[25] Also during his tenure as mayor, Corker oversaw a $120 million riverfront renovation project, including an expansion of the Hunter Museum, a renovation of the Creative Discovery Museum, an expansion of Chattanooga's River Walk, and the addition of a new salt water building to the Tennessee Aquarium.[26]

Senate career

Elections

2006

In 2004, Corker announced that he would seek the U.S. Senate seat to be vacated by incumbent Republican Senator Bill Frist, who had announced that he would not run for reelection. In the Republican primary election, he ran against two former congressmen, Ed Bryant and Van Hilleary. Both of his opponents ran as strong conservatives, denouncing Corker as a moderate and eventually labelling him a leftist.[27] In the course of his primary campaign, Corker spent $4.2 million on television advertising, especially in the western portion of the state, where he was relatively unknown before the primary.[15] In the August primary election, he won with 48% of the vote over Bryant's 34% and Hilleary's 17%.[28]

For the general election campaign, his Democratic opponent, Harold Ford, Jr., challenged Corker to seven televised debates across the state. In response, Corker said he would debate Ford, though he did not agree to seven debates.[29] The two candidates eventually participated in three televised debates: in Memphis on October 7,[30] in Chattanooga on October 10,[31] and in Nashville on October 28.[32]

The race between Ford and Corker was described as "among the most competitive and nasty" in the country.[33] In October 2006, as polls indicated that Ford maintained a slight lead over Corker,[34] the Republican National Committee ran a controversial television advertisement[35] attacking Ford. In the 30-second ad, sound bites of "people in the street" pronouncing Ford wrong for Tennessee were interspersed with two shots of a white woman animatedly recalling meeting Ford—who is African-American and was unmarried at the time—at "the Playboy party". The ad concludes with this woman leeringly inviting Ford to phone her.[33][36] The ad was denounced by many people as racist, including former Republican Senator and Secretary of Defense William Cohen, who called it "a very serious appeal to a racist sentiment." Corker subsequently pulled ahead in the polls,[37] and went on to win the election by less than three percentage points. He was the only new Republican Senator in the 110th Congress.[38]

2012

Corker won his re-election bid with 64.9% of the vote in the November 6 general election. To win re-election, Corker faced the conservative Democrat Mark E. Clayton of Davidson County near Nashville. Clayton, who received 30.4% of the general election vote, is the vice-president of the interest group Public Advocate of the United States, based in Washington, D.C. Clayton was disavowed by his own party, the leadership of which urged Democrats to write in a candidate of their choice in the race against Corker.[39]

Tenure

Corker was joined at his inauguration by Bill Frist, Howard Baker, and Lamar Alexander.

Corker was sworn in as Senator on January 4, 2007. At the ceremony he was accompanied by “two former Senate majority leaders from Tennessee, Howard Baker and Bill Frist”.[40]

Corker has voted against a cap-and-trade measure, but said he might accept a "rational" version of the legislation. Criticizing as “political stimulus” for electoral campaigns,[41] Corker became one of the only sixteen Senators who opposed the tax rebate stimulus plan.[42] Later, he had described the stimulus package that passed Congress as "silly".[43]

Corker was one of the original members of the Gang of 10, now consisting of twenty members, which is a bipartisan coalition seeking comprehensive energy reform. The group is pushing for a bill that would encourage state-by-state decisions on offshore drilling and authorize billions of dollars for conservation and alternative energy.[44]

In December 2008, Corker opposed the federal bailout of failing U.S. automakers,[45] and expressed doubt that the companies could be salvaged.[46] Corker proposed that federal funds be provided for automakers only if accompanied by cuts in labor costs and other concessions from unions.[47] Negotiations regarding Corker's proposal broke down on the evening of December 11, 2008. The United Auto Workers, which had previously accepted a series of cuts in its current contract, sought to put off any further cuts until 2011, while Corker requested that cuts go into effect in 2009.[48] Republicans blamed the UAW for failure to reach an agreement, while the UAW claimed that Corker's proposal singled out "workers and retirees for different treatment and make[s] them shoulder the entire burden of restructuring."[49] On December 13, 2008, Businessweek reported that Corker was "one of those responsible for winning the new Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant at a cost of $577 million in tax incentives" during his tenure as mayor of Chattanooga, raising questions about Corker's motivations during the bailout negotiations.[50]

In September 2009, Corker became a ranking member of the Senate Special Committee on Aging, replacing former Sen. Mel Martinez.[51]

On May 20, 2010, despite his initial role as the key Republican negotiator on financial regulatory reform, Corker voted against the Senate Financial Regulations Bill that if passed would increase scrutiny of financial derivatives traded by major U.S. banks and financial institutions.[52] Senator Corker does not believe that the government should regulate markets more carefully, but rather that they should be regulated by current laws already on the books. Senator Corker supports the view of many conservatives that the Glass Steagall Act should not be reimplemented.[53] Senator Corker has been a vocal opponent of financial regulations passed by the Senate in 2010.[52] He also opposes limits to credit card fees imposed by banks on merchant transactions.[54] The main critique of financial reform offered by Corker on June 10, 2010 at the joint House and Senate conference on Financial Regulation was that it would hurt industry and jobs if passed.[55]

Senator Corker was one of three Republicans to support the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in September 2010.[56]

In April 2013, Senator Corker was one of forty-six senators to vote against a bill which would have expanded background checks for all gun buyers. Corker voted with 40 Republicans and 5 Democrats to stop the passage of the bill. The New York Times gave a 1% chance of Senator Corker voting "Yea" on the bill.[57]

Corker has called for tempering the role of outside spending in elections by giving political candidates the right to approve advertising on their behalf made by an outside party committee.[58]

Committee assignments

Political positions

In the 2006 Senate race, Corker positioned himself as a conservative on most social and economic issues through television advertisements, his campaign website, and in debates.

Corker scored 83% on American Conservative Union’s 2008 Ratings of Congress.[60] According to National Journal’s 2009 Vote Ratings, he was ranked as the 34th conservative member among the 40 GOP senators.[61]

111th Congress

Social policy

Corker with U.S. Representatives Jim Cooper, Bart Gordon and Zach Wamp

In the 2006 primary campaign, Corker's opponents said that he has changed his view on abortion since his first Senate campaign in 1994.[65] Corker responded that he "was wrong in 1994" when he said that the government should not interfere with an individual's right to an abortion, stating that he now believes that life begins at conception.[65] Corker now says he opposes abortion rights except when the life of the mother is endangered or in cases of rape and incest.[65] In the 2006 general election, Corker received the endorsement of the National Right to Life Committee, but the state branch of the group, Tennessee Right to Life, refused to endorse him, calling him a "pro-abortion" politician.[66]

Corker supports broad Second Amendment rights and "appointing Federal judges who practice judicial restraint."

Fiscal policy

He supports making the 2001 tax cut and the 2003 tax cut permanent.[67] He has shown interest in replacing the federal progressive income tax with a flat tax.[68]

Corker has expressed skepticism regarding the claims of human-caused global warming. He favors imposing a tax on carbon.[69] Corker opposed John McCain's 2008 campaign proposal to suspend the 18-cents-per-gallon federal gasoline tax, calling it "pandering extraordinaire".[70]

He chose to endorse the initial $350 billion (2008) of Wall Street bailout money,[71] and opposed releasing additional $350 billion (2009) of it.[72]

In 2011, Corker voted in favor of the Republican alternative budget proposed by Representative Paul Ryan (R-Wis.), a proposal that would eliminate the health care provided through the Medicare program and instead give seniors subsidies for part of the cost of obtaining private medical insurance.[73] Corker referred to such programs as Medicare and Social Security as "generational theft".[74]

In 2013, Corker endorsed the Marketplace Fairness Act and voted for its passage in the Senate. The Marketplace Fairness Act enables states to begin collecting sales taxes on online purchases.[75]

Foreign policy

Corker has become a defender of the Iraqi war since taking his seat in the 110th Congress. Despite frustration by the public, any further reduction in U.S. forces in Iraq must be based on improved conditions in the country, Corker said. He urged ultimate success will be determined by the Iraqi government, over which the U.S. has limited control, and the withdrawal of some of the troops that were added in 2007 has created some pressure on the Iraqi government, but warned that further cuts now could destabilize the country.[76]

Corker denied Democrat’s Afghan war strategy which boosts civilian efforts to rebuild the impoverished country and places nuclear-armed Pakistan at the center of the fight: "I have no idea what it is, other than sending additional troops. I hope we dig a lot deeper," said Corker.[77] He expected that the United States is having to build the economic and governmental structure of Afghanistan after decades of war.[78]

Health care policy

On September 30, 2009 Corker opposed the health-care reform amendment that would legally allow Americans to buy cheaper Canadian drugs.[79] Corker opposed President Barack Obama's health reform legislation; he voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in December 2009,[80] and he voted against the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.[81]

In late February 2010, Corker became the sole senator to back retiring Senator Jim Bunning of Kentucky in filibustering a 30-day extension of expiring unemployment and COBRA benefits.[82]

Controversies

Sale of protected wetlands

Corker speaks at the Brentwood Cool Springs Chamber of Commerce breakfast in 2010.

In 2003, Osborne Enterprises, an affiliate of the real estate company Corker Group, sold protected wetlands near South Chickamauga Creek in Chattanooga to Wal-Mart for $4.6 million.[83] In July 2003 environmental educator Sandy Kurtz filed a restraining order to stop the construction of the Wal-Mart. After briefly being upheld, the lawsuit was dismissed on July 15, 2003. The Wal-Mart opened in May 2004.[84]

Attorney Joe Prochaska, who represented Kurtz, served from 1992 to 1997 as a member of the Davidson County Democratic Party’s executive committee. Prochaska accused Corker of selling the land shortly after the construction easement was approved. However, public records show that the land was approved for development by the city prior to Corker becoming mayor in April 2001. As part of the development plans, the Corps of Engineers approved the filling in of 2.5 acres of the wetlands, to widen an access road, in exchange for the creation of an additional 11 acres of new wetlands in a nearby area.[84] Public records show no involvement of Corker in the approval process.[85]

In 2006, during Corker's United States Senate campaign against Democrat Harold Ford Jr., a second lawsuit was filed by Kurtz, again represented by Prochaska, and the Tennessee Environmental Council.[84] The lawsuit accused Wal-Mart of encroaching onto an adjacent protected nature area that was also held by a company owned by Corker. The suit alleged that Corker did not fully disclose his interest in the property where the Wal-Mart was built or in the adjacent nature area at the time the deal was made. The Corker campaign countered that an article published on March 5, 2003 in the Chattanooga Times Free Press publicly identified Corker's ownership interest in the land, through Osborne Enterprises, and that as mayor, a trust barred Corker from being involved in issues like these that affected his business.[84][85]

On October 13, 2006, lawyers involved in the case announced a settlement agreement. Details of the settlement were not announced, but court records indicate that a portion of the settlement involved a 45-day option for the Tennessee Environmental Council to purchase over 13 acres (53,000 m2) of the land in dispute that the Council hopes to dedicate for public use.[86]

Blind trust

Shortly after taking office as mayor, Corker voluntarily placed his Hamilton County real estate holdings and businesses into a blind trust to avoid "even the perception of any conflict". Corker stated that the visibility of his properties and public knowledge of his ownership in them served as another check on his actions as mayor.[87]

On October 11, 2006, The Commercial Appeal reported that the blind trust that Corker set up to run his businesses to avoid conflicts of interest while he was mayor "may not have been all that blind".[88] According to e-mails discovered by the Appeal (some of which had previously presumed to be lost):

"Corker met often with employees from his private companies while mayor from 2001 to 2005, and he shared business tips with others. Corker also got help organizing his 2001 mayoral campaign from City Hall, where a government secretary passed on voting lists and set up meetings for the millionaire commercial real estate developer."[88]

The e-mails show that Corker often met with officials from his private company, the Corker Group, which was part of the blind trust, while he was mayor.[88] When asked about these e-mails by the Appeal, Corker said that he thought the blind trust had "worked very well" and that he had sold most of his business holdings so that he could avoid the appearance of conflicts of interest in the Senate.[88]

Volkswagen

U.S. Senator Bob Corker, a long time opponent of unions in Tennessee,[89] tried to influence a secret ballot election of blue-collar workers at the Chattanooga Volkswagen plant whether to allow the UAW to represent them.[90] "I had conversations today and based on those am assured that should the workers vote against the UAW, Volkswagen will announce in the coming weeks that it will manufacture its new mid-size SUV here in Chattanooga," Corker said. The unionization vote failed by a narrow margin.

Electoral history

2006 United States Senate election, Tennessee[91]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Bob Corker 929,911 50.7 -14.4
Democratic Harold Ford, Jr. 879,976 48.0 +15.8
Independent Ed Choate 10,831 0.6 n/a
Independent David "None of the Above" Gatchell 3,746 0.2 n/a
Independent Emory "Bo" Heyward 3,580 0.2 n/a
Independent H. Gary Keplinger 3,033 0.2 n/a
Green Chris Lugo 2,589 0.1 n/a
Majority 49,935 2.7
Turnout 1,833,693
United States Senate election in Tennessee, 2012
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Bob Corker (incumbent) 1,496,668 64.9%
Democratic Mark E. Clayton 700,753 30.4%
Green Martin Pleasant 37,964 1.6%
Libertarian Shaun Crowell 20,813 0.9%
Constitution Kermit Steck 18,490 0.8%
Independent James Higdon 8,036 0.3%
Independent Michael Joseph Long 8,043 0.3%
Independent Troy Stephen Scoggin 7,105 0.3%
Independent David Gatchell 6,469 0.3%
Majority 795,915 34.5%
Turnout 2,304,341

References

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  31. ↑ Ford treads Corker's turf, by Beth Rucker, Associated Press, October 11, 2006
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  43. ↑ Dries, Bill (April 29, 2009). "Corker Decries Auto Industry Bailout, Other Federal Moves". Memphis Daily News.
  44. ↑ Anderson, Mitch (September 12, 2008). "Klobuchar joins bipartisan energy group". Star Tribune.
  45. ↑ "Corker Disappointed In Initial Outline Of Auto Bailout Plan". Chattanooga Times Free Press. December 6, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  46. ↑ Hirschfel Davis, Julie (December 5, 2008). "Carmakers' bailout pleas hit Senate skepticism". Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-12-05. No thinking person thinks that all three companies can survive
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  49. ↑ Andres, Edmund; David M. Herszenhorn (December 12, 2008). "White House Considers Use of Funds to Aid Automakers". New York Times.
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  52. 1 2 Corker, Bob (May 20, 2010). "RESTORING AMERICAN FINANCIAL STABILITY ACT OF 2010".
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  56. ↑ "Key Senate committee passes nuclear arms treaty, CNN, September 16, 2010.
  57. ↑ Silver, Nate (April 18, 2013). "Modeling the Senate's Vote on Gun Control". The New York Times.
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  65. 1 2 3 Locker, Richard (July 17, 2006). "GOP Senate candidates conclude debates ahead of August 3 primary". The Commercial Appeal.
  66. ↑ "National right to life supports corker, but state affiliate does not". The Commercial Appeal. Associated Press. August 8, 2006.
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  70. ↑ Humphrey, Tom (June 3, 2008). "McCain enlists state's GOP stalwarts for help". Knoxville News Sentinel.
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  72. ↑ "Corker Says Plans to Release Additional TARP Funds Aren’t Prescriptive Enough". Official U.S. Senate website. January 15, 2009.
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  84. 1 2 3 4 Perrusquia, Marc; Locker, Richard (August 20, 2006). "Old lawsuit back to haunt Corker in race". The Commercial Appeal. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  85. 1 2 Perrusquia, Marc (September 18, 2006). "Land sale predates Corker as mayor". The Commercial Appeal. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  86. ↑ Perrusquia, Marc (October 26, 2006). "Suit settlement aids Corker and nonprofit". The Commercial Appeal. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  87. ↑ Flessner, Dave (March 11, 2001). "Corker prepares blind trust for his real estate holdings". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  88. 1 2 3 4 Perrusquia, Marc (October 11, 2006). "Corker saw to interests in 'blind' trust, records show". The Commercial Appeal.
  89. ↑ Farmer, Blake (October 21, 2013). "Volkswagen Union Opposed By Tennessee Republican Officials". NPR.
  90. ↑ Woodall, Bernie (Feb 13, 2014). "U.S. senator drops bombshell during VW plant union vote". Reuters.
  91. ↑ Official election results

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Political offices
Preceded by
Jon Kinsey		 Mayor of Chattanooga
2001–2005 		Succeeded by
Ron Littlefield
Party political offices
Preceded by
Bill Frist		 Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Tennessee
(Class 1)
2006, 2012 		Most recent
United States Senate
Preceded by
Bill Frist		 U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee
2007–present
Served alongside: Lamar Alexander		 Incumbent
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Bob Menendez		 Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
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United States order of precedence (ceremonial)
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