United States Senate elections, 1928

November 6, 1928^[1]

35 of the 96 seats in the U.S. Senate

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	James Watson	Joseph Robinson
Party	Republican	Democratic
Leader's seat	Indiana	Arkansas
Last election	48 seats	46 seats
Seats won	56	39
Seat change	8	7

	Third party

Party	Farmer–Labor
Last election	1 seat
Seats before	1
Seats won	1
Seat change

Democratic gain

Democratic hold/re-elected

Republican hold/re-elected

Republican gain

Farmer–Labor re-elected

Majority Leader before election

Charles Curtis
Republican

Elected Majority Leader

James Watson
Republican

The U.S. Senate election, 1928 was an election which coincided with the election of Republican Herbert Hoover as President. The strong economy helped the Republicans to gain seven seats from the Democrats.

Gains and losses

Republicans gained five seats by defeating five Democratic incumbents:

Delaware: Democratic incumbent Thomas F. Bayard, Jr. lost re-election to Republican challenger John G. Townsend, Jr..
Maryland: Democratic incumbent William Cabell Bruce lost re-election to Republican challenger Phillips Lee Goldsborough.
New Jersey: Democratic incumbent Edward I. Edwards lost re-election to Republican challenger Hamilton F. Kean.
Rhode Island: Democratic incumbent Peter G. Gerry lost re-election to Republican challenger Felix Hebert.
West Virginia: Democratic incumbent Matthew M. Neely lost re-election to Republican challenger Henry D. Hatfield.

Republicans gained one seat from a Democratic incumbent appointee who had lost nomination:

Ohio (Special): Democratic incumbent appointee Cyrus Locher lost nomination to Graham P. Hunt to finish the term. Hunt then lost the general election to Republican Theodore E. Burton.

Republicans gained one seat from a retiring Democratic incumbent:

Missouri: Democratic incumbent James A. Reed retired and was replaced by Republican Roscoe C. Patterson.

Republicans gained one seat from a vacancy:

Illinois (Special): The Senate refused to seat Republican incumbent Frank L. Smith after his 1926 election. He resigned February 9, 1928, leaving the seat vacant. Republican Otis F. Glenn won a special election to finish the term ending March 3, 1933.

Republicans held two seats from retiring Republican incumbents:

Connecticut: Republican incumbent George P. McLean retired and was replaced by Republican Frederic C. Walcott.

Democrats gained no seats.

Democrats held 1 seat from a retiring Democratic incumbent:

Texas: Democratic incumbent Earle Bradford Mayfield retired and was replaced by Democrat Tom Connally.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

D₃₈	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₉	D₄₀	D₄₁	D₄₂	D₄₃	D₄₄	D₄₅	D₄₆	FL₁	V₁
Majority →									R₄₈
R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃	R₄₄	R₄₅	R₄₆	R₄₇
R₃₈	R₃₇	R₃₆	R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Beginning of the next Congress

D₃₈ √	D₃₇ √	D₃₆ √	D₃₅ √	D₃₄ √	D₃₃ √	D₃₂ √	D₃₁ √	D₃₀ √	D₂₉ √
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇ √	D₂₈ √
D₃₉ O	FL₁ √	R₅₆ +	R₅₅ +	R₅₄ +	R₅₃ +	R₅₂ +	R₅₁ +	R₅₀ +	R₄₉ +
Majority →									R₄₈ O
R₃₉ √	R₄₀ √	R₄₁ √	R₄₂ √	R₄₃ √	R₄₄ √	R₄₅ √	R₄₆ √	R₄₇ O
R₃₈ √	R₃₇ √	R₃₆ √	R₃₅*	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Notes:

R₃₅ (Kansas): Republican incumbent Charles Curtis (the Majority leader) was not up for election this cycle, but he was elected U.S. Vice President. He resigned, so his seat was vacant at the beginning of the next Congress (March 4, 1929) until April 1, 1929, when a Republican was appointed to continue the term.

Key:

D_#	Democratic
FL_#	Farmer–Labor
R_#	Republican

√	Incumbent re-elected or appointee elected to finish term
O	Party hold: New senator elected from same party
+	Party gain: New senator elected from different party

Race summary

State	Incumbent	Party	Result	Candidates
Arizona	Henry F. Ashurst	Democratic	Re-elected	Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 54.3% Ralph H. Cameron (Republican) 45.7%
California	Hiram W. Johnson	Republican	Re-elected	Hiram W. Johnson (Republican) 74.1% Minor Moore (Democratic) 18.2% Charles Hiram Randall (Independent) 5.9%
Connecticut	George P. McLean	Republican	Retired Republican hold	Frederic C. Walcott (Republican) 53.9% Augustine Lonergan (Democratic) 45.6%
Delaware	Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.	Democratic	Lost re-election Republican gain	John G. Townsend, Jr. (Republican) 61.0% Thomas F. Bayard, Jr. (Democratic) 39.1%
Florida	Park Trammell	Democratic	Re-elected	Park Trammell (Democratic) 68.5% Barclay H. Warburton (Republican) 31.5%
Idaho (Special class 3)	John W. Thomas	Republican	Appointee elected to finish term ending March 4, 1933.	John W. Thomas (Republican) 62.6% Chase A. Clark (Democratic) 36.7%
Illinois (Special class 3)	Vacant	Vacant	1926 Senator-elect Frank L. Smith (R) had been disqualified and resigned February 9, 1928.^[2] The winner elected to finish the term ending March 4, 1933. Republican gain	Otis F. Glenn (Republican) 54.5% Anton Cermak (Democratic) 44.9%
Indiana	Arthur Raymond Robinson	Republican	Re-elected	Arthur Raymond Robinson (Republican) 55.3% Albert Stump (Democratic) 44.1%
Maine	Frederick Hale	Republican	Re-elected	Frederick Hale (Republican) 69.6% Herbert E. Holmes (Democratic) 30.4%
Maryland	William Cabell Bruce	Democratic	Lost re-election Republican gain	Phillips Lee Goldsborough (Republican) 54.1% William Cabell Bruce (Democratic) 45.2%
Massachusetts	David I. Walsh	Democratic	Re-elected	David I. Walsh (Democratic) 53.6% Benjamin Loring Young (Republican) 45.5%
Michigan	Arthur H. Vandenberg	Republican	Re-elected	Arthur H. Vandenberg (Republican) 71.8% John W. Bailey (Democratic) 27.7%
Minnesota	Henrik Shipstead	Farmer–Labor	Re-elected	Henrik Shipstead (Farmer–Labor) 65.4% Arthur E. Nelson (Republican) 33.7%
Mississippi	Hubert D. Stephens	Democratic	Re-elected	Hubert D. Stephens (Democratic) Unopposed
Missouri	James A. Reed	Democratic	Retired Republican gain	Roscoe C. Patterson (Republican) 51.9% Charles M. Hay (Democratic) 47.9%
Montana	Burton K. Wheeler	Democratic	Re-elected	Burton K. Wheeler (Democratic) 53.2% Joseph M. Dixon (Republican) 46.8%
Nebraska	Robert B. Howell	Republican	Re-elected	Robert B. Howell (Republican) 61.3% Richard L. Metcalfe (Democratic) 38.7%
Nevada	Key Pittman	Democratic	Re-elected	Key Pittman (Democratic) 59.3% Samuel Platt (Republican) 40.7%
New Jersey	Edward I. Edwards	Democratic	Lost re-election Republican gain	Hamilton F. Kean (Republican) 57.9% Edward I. Edwards (Democratic) 41.8%
New Mexico	Bronson M. Cutting	Republican	Re-elected	Bronson M. Cutting (Republican) 57.7% Jethro S. Vaught (Democratic) 42.3%
New York	Royal S. Copeland	Democratic	Re-elected	Royal S. Copeland (Democratic) 49.1% Alanson B. Houghton (Republican) 47.9%
North Dakota	Lynn J. Frazier	Republican	Re-elected	Lynn J. Frazier (Republican) 79.6% F. F. Burchard (Democratic) 19.4%
Ohio	Simeon D. Fess	Republican	Re-elected	Simeon D. Fess (Republican) 60.7% Charles V. Truax (Democratic) 39.1%
Ohio (Special class 3)	Cyrus Locher	Democratic	Appointee lost nomination to finish term. Winner elected to finish term ending March 4, 1933. Republican gain	Theodore E. Burton (Republican) 62.4% Graham P. Hunt (Democratic) 37.4%
Pennsylvania	David A. Reed	Republican	Re-elected	David A. Reed (Republican) 64.4% William N. McNair (Democratic) 34.0%
Rhode Island	Peter G. Gerry	Democratic	Lost re-election Republican gain	Felix Hebert (Republican) 50.6% Peter G. Gerry (Democratic) 49.3%
Tennessee	Kenneth D. McKellar	Democratic	Re-elected	Kenneth D. McKellar (Democratic) 59.3% J. A. Fowler (Republican) 40.7%
Texas	Earle Bradford Mayfield	Democratic	Lost renomination Democratic hold	Tom Connally (Democratic) 81.2% T. M. Kennerly (Republican) 18.7%
Utah	William H. King	Democratic	Re-elected	William H. King (Democratic) 55.5% Ernest Bamberger (Republican) 43.9%
Vermont	Frank L. Greene	Republican	Re-elected	Frank L. Greene (Republican) 71.6% Fred C. Martin (Democratic) 28.5%
Virginia	Claude A. Swanson	Democratic	Re-elected	Claude A. Swanson, 99.8%
Washington	Clarence C. Dill	Democratic	Re-elected	Clarence C. Dill (Democratic) 53.4% Kenneth Mackintosh (Republican) 46.5% Alex Noral (Workers (Communist) Party) 0.1%
West Virginia	Matthew M. Neely	Democratic	Lost re-election Republican gain	Henry D. Hatfield (Republican) 50.7% Matthew M. Neely (Democratic) 49.2%
Wisconsin	Robert M. La Follette, Jr.	Republican	Re-elected	Robert M. La Follette, Jr. (Republican) 85.6% William H. Markham (Independent) 11.0% David W. Emerson (Prohibitionist) 2.9%
Wyoming	John B. Kendrick	Democratic	Re-elected	John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 53.5% Charles E. Winter (Republican) 46.1%

References

↑ September 10, 1928 in Maine
↑ "SMITH, Frank Leslie – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved December 27, 2013.

United States Senate elections

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