Orosomucoid

orosomucoid 1
Identifiers
Symbol ORM1
Entrez 5004
HUGO 8498
OMIM 138600
RefSeq NM_000607
UniProt P02763
Other data
Locus Chr. 9 q31-qter
orosomucoid 2
Identifiers
Symbol ORM2
Entrez 5005
HUGO 8499
OMIM 138610
RefSeq NM_000608
UniProt P19652
Other data
Locus Chr. 9 q31-qter

Orosomucoid (ORM) or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (α1AGp,[1] AGP or AAG) is an acute phase (acute phase protein) plasma alpha-globulin glycoprotein and is modulated by two polymorphic genes. It is synthesized primarily in hepatocytes and has a normal plasma concentration between 0.6-1.2 mg/mL (1-3% plasma protein).[2] Plasma levels are affected by pregnancy, burns, certain drugs, and certain diseases, particularly HIV.[2]

The only established function of ORM is to act as a carrier of basic and neutrally charged lipophilic compounds. In medicine, it is known as the primary carrier of basic (positively charged) drugs (whereas albumin carries acidic (negatively charged) and neutral drugs), steroids, and protease inhibitors.[2][3] Aging causes a small decrease in plasma albumin levels; if anything, there is a small increase in alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. The effect of these changes on drug protein binding and drug delivery, however, appear to be minimal.[4] AGP shows a complex interaction with thyroid homeostasis: ORM in low concentrations was observed to stimulate the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor and intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP. High AGP concentrations, however, inhibited TSH signalling.[5][6]

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein has been identified as one of four potentially useful circulating biomarkers for estimating the five-year risk of all-cause mortality (the other three are albumin, very low-density lipoprotein particle size, and citrate).[7]

Orosomucoid increases in amount in obstructive jaundices while diminishes in hepatocellular jaundice and in intestinal infections.

References

  1. Logan, Carolynn M.; Rice, M. Katherine (1987). Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 3. ISBN 0-397-54589-4.
  2. 1 2 3 Colombo S, Buclin T, Décosterd LA, Telenti A, Furrer H, Lee BL, Biollaz J, Eap CB (2006). "Orosomucoid (alpha1-acid glycoprotein) plasma concentration and genetic variants: effects on human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor clearance and cellular accumulation". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 80 (4): 307–18. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.006. PMID 17015049.
  3. Urien S, Brée F, Testa B, Tillement JP (1991). "pH-dependency of basic ligand binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid)". Biochem. J. 280 (1): 277–80. PMC 1130632. PMID 1741754.
  4. Barash, Paul G. (2009). Clinical Anesthesia. p. 879.
  5. Zimmermann-Belsing, T; Rasmussen, A. K.; Feldt-Rasmussen, U; Bøg-Hansen, T. C. (2002). "The influence of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) and its glycoforms on the function of human thyrocytes and CHO cells transfected with the human TSH receptor". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 188 (1–2): 241–51. PMID 11911961.
  6. Dietrich, J. W.; Landgrafe, G; Fotiadou, E. H. (2012). "TSH and Thyrotropic Agonists: Key Actors in Thyroid Homeostasis". Journal of Thyroid Research 2012: 351864. doi:10.1155/2012/351864. PMC 3544290. PMID 23365787.
  7. Fischer, Kettunen, Würtz; et al. (2014). "Biomarker Profiling by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality: An Observational Study of 17,345 Persons". PLoS Medicine 11 (2): e1001606. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001606.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Tuesday, February 09, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.