China Railways CRH2

China Railways CRH2 EMU
CRH2 at Nanjing Railway Station
In service	2007–present
Manufacturer	Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock
Family name	Shinkansen
Number built	CRH2A: 60+40 trainsets (800 cars) CRH2B: 20 trainsets (320 cars) CRH2C (stage 1): 30 trainsets (240 cars) CRH2C (stage 2): 20 trainsets (160 cars) CRH2E: 20 trainsets (320 cars)
Formation	CRH2A: 8 cars per trainset (4M4T) CRH2B/E: 16 cars per trainset (8M8T) CRH2C: 8 cars per trainset (6M2T)
Capacity	CRH2A: 610/571/562/588/600/608 CRH2B: 1230 CRH2C: 610/626 CRH2E: 630
Operator(s)	Chinese Ministry of Railways - Beijing Railway Bureau - Shanghai Railway Bureau - Jinan Railway Bureau - Wuhan Railway Bureau - Shenyang Railway Bureau
Line(s) served	various
Specifications
Train length	CRH2A/C: 201.4 m (661 ft) CRH2B/E: 401.4 m (1,317 ft)
Width	3,380 mm (11 ft 1 in)
Height	3,700 mm (12 ft 2 in)
Platform height	1,200 mm (3 ft 11 in)
Maximum speed	CRH2A/B/E: 250 km/h (155 mph) CRH2C: 350 km/h (217 mph) CRH2C stage 2
Traction system	IGBT VVVF inverter control (Mitsubishi Electric, Hitachi or Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric)
Power output	CRH2A: 4.8 MW (6,400 hp) CRH1B/E: 9.6 MW (12,900 hp) CRH2C (stage 1): 7.2 MW (9,700 hp) CRH2C (stage 2): 8.76 MW (11,750 hp)
Transmission	AC-DC-AC
Electric system(s)	25 kV 50 Hz AC Overhead catenary
Current collection method	Pantograph
Braking system(s)	Regenerative, electronically controlled pneumatic brakes
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in) standard gauge

The CRH2 is one of the high-speed train models in China. Originally, the CRH2 was based on the E2-1000 Series Shinkansen design from Japan with the license purchased from a consortium formed of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, and Hitachi, and represents the second Shinkansen train model to be exported, the other being the 700T series for Taiwan High Speed Rail.

In 2004, the Ministry of Railway in China purchased an initial 60 sets of the train from Kawasaki Heavy Industries with a maximum speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). However, the newer versions of the CRH2 are not related to the E2-1000 Series despite having the same exterior shell.^[1]

History

CRH2A

The CRH2 developed from the E2 Series Shinkansen

On October 20, 2004, the Ministry of Railway in China ordered 60 sets of CRH2A trains from Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan. Along with 60 sets of Bombardier's Regina-based CRH1A, and 40 sets of Alstom's Pendolino-based CRH5A, these train sets are consider as first batch of CRH trains.

Each of the CRH2A set consists of 8 cars. The first 3 sets (CRH₂-001A - CRH₂-003A) were built in Japan, the next 6 sets (CRH₂-004A - CRH₂-009A) were delivered in complete knock down form and assembled by CSR Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock. The remaining 51 sets (CRH₂-010A - CRH₂-060A) were built by Sifang through technology transfer from Japan.

The first train arrived at Qingdao port on March 8, 2006 with little fanfare, and was not even publicized in China. These trains have a maximum operation speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) and started providing high-speed train service from April 18, 2007, the date of the sixth national railway speed-up.

According to Chinese and Japanese media, CRH2A trains started test trials ahead of commercial operation on the Shanghai-Hangzhou and Shanghai-Nanjing lines on January 28, 2007.

On September 14, 2010, the Chinese MOR ordered additional 40 sets of CRH2A trains (CRH₂-151A - CRH₂-190A) from CSR Sifang.

CRH2B

In November 2007, the Ministry of Railway in China ordered 10 CRH2 sets with 16 cars per set (8M8T). These trains have been given designations CRH2B (CRH₂-111B - CRH₂-120B). Each CRH2B has three 1st seating cars (ZY), twelve 2nd seating cars (ZE), and one dining car (CA). Designed maximum operation speed is 250 km/h (155 mph) with a power of 9,600 kW (12,900 hp).

The first units were delivered on June 29, 2008,^[2]^[3] and came into service on the Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway on August 1, 2008.^[4]

CRH2C (CRH2-300)

After the introduction of the modified E2-1000 Series, Sifang built its own CRH2 with a maximum safe operating speed of 350 km/h (220 mph). The original train sets imported from Kawasaki had a maximum safe operating speed of 250 km/h (160 mph).

During June 2005 and September 2005, The Chinese Ministry of Railways launched bidding for High speed trains with a top speed over 300 km/h (190 mph). Along with Siemens's Velaro-based CRH3C, CSR Sifang bid 60 sets of CRH2C, includes 30 sets of CRH2C stage one with a top speed of 300 km/h (190 mph), and 30 sets of CRH2C stage two with a top speed of 350 km/h (220 mph).

In development and research of the 350 km/h (220 mph) high speed train, The CRH2-300 project was launched by Chinese MOR and CSR. In 2006 the China Development Bank provided CNY 15 billion developmental financial loans to CSR Group for the projects of 200–300 km/h (120–190 mph) high speed trains.^[5] Over 50 academics, 150,000 technicians, 600 contractors were involved in the project.^[6]This train's livery is not like the CRH2A. Its blue stripe does not end at the fronts of trainsets.

CRH2C stage one

CRH2C Stage one is a modified version of CRH2. It has a maximum operating speed up to 300 km/h (190 mph) by replacing two intermediate trailer cars with motorized cars. Equipped with an array of the state-of-the-art technologies, including aluminum alloy body with a reduced weight, high speed turntable, high speed pantograph, and optic-fiber based integrated control system.^[7]

Chinese MOR ordered 30 sets of CRH2C stage one, name code CRH₂-061C - CRH₂-090C. The first set, CRH₂-061C was unveiled on December 22, 2007.^[8]^[9]

During the test on April 22, 2008, CRH₂-061C reached a top speed of over 370 km/h (230 mph) on Beijing-Tianjin high-speed rail.^[10]

During the test on December 11, 2009, CRH₂-061C reached a top speed of 394.2 km/h (244.9 mph) on Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed rail.^[11]

Together with CRH3C, the CRH2C stage one first came into service on Beijing-Tianjin Intercity high-speed rail on August 1, 2008, and all CRH2C stage one trains have been replaced by CRH3C in April, 2009. Currently, most of these trains are serving on the Shanghai-Nanjing high speed rail.

CRH2C stage two

CRH2C Stage two is the "re-design" version of the CRH2. Some of the details, like the aluminum body structure, noise reduction technology & reduction technique, draw on the CRH3C. According to CSR Sifang, the improvements include the following aspects:

The axle weight of the bogie increased from 14 to 15 tonnes (31,000 to 33,000 lb), to prevent tremble of the train body at a higher speed,^[6] the gear ratio has been optimized from 3.036 to 2.379, the critical instability speed is 550 km/h (340 mph).
The thermal capacity of the bogie has been increased, which satisfied the continuous operation at 350 km/h (220 mph)
With the YQ-365 type AC traction motor. It has a maximum operating speed up to 350 km/h (220 mph) with a power of 8,760 kW (11,750 hp).
The rigidity of the car body has been increased to lower the noise and vibration.
Optimized car body and window design for better air tightness and strength.
Added pressure protection system to avoid pressure fluctuation in the compartment and improvement of comfort.
Optimized design of the roof antenna,exterior windscreen and windows for a lower air resistance.^[12]

Chinese MOR ordered 30 sets of CRH2C stage two, name code CRH₂-091C - CRH₂-110C and CRH₂-141C - CRH₂-150C. The first set, CRH₂-091C was unveiled in January 2010 and came into service on Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed rail in February, 2010.^[13]

CRH2E

A CRH2E arriving Beijing West Railway Station as D924 Guangzhou-Beijing overnight train in 2015.

In November and December 2007, the Ministry of Railway in China ordered 20 CRH2 sleeper trains with 16 cars per set (8M8T). These trains are modified CRH2Bs, and have been given designations CRH2E (numbered CRH2-121E - CRH2-140E). Each CRH2E has thirteen 1st class sleeping cars (WR), two 2nd class seating cars (ZE), and one dining car (CA) or one second class/dining car (ZEC). Designed maximum operation speed is 250 km/h (155 mph) with a power of 9600 kW.

The first batch of CRH2E, CRH2-121E - CRH2-126E, came into service on Beijing-Shanghai railway on December 21, 2008.^[2]^[14] On 23 July 2011, one sleeper coach on CRH2-139E trainset has been derailed in the 2011 Wenzhou train collision, together with CRH1-046B.

The rest of CRH2Es were deployed on Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway since January 2015, operating overnight sleeper trains between Beijing and Guangzhou (including some trains to Shenzhen).

CRH2-350

Main article: China Railways CRH380A

In 2008, the Chinese MOR & CSR launched CRH2-350 project, the main purpose is to develop new-generation of high speed trains with maximum operation speed of 380 km/h (240 mph). CRH2 is one of the fundamental platforms of the new trains, which is designated as CRH380A.

Formation

At the time of the sixth national railway speed-up, at least 37 CRH2A sets had been delivered by Kawasaki and Sifang.^[15] In 2008, all 60 CRH2A sets had been delivered by Kawasaki. The post-2008 production model of the CRH2 are designed and made solely by Sifang with a maximum safe operation speed of 350 km/h (220 mph).^[1]

Power Destination

M - Motor car
T - Trailer car
C - Driver cabin
P - Pantograph

Coach Type

ZY - First Class Coach
ZE - Second Class Coach
ZYE - First Class／Second Class Coach
ZEC - Second Class Coach／Dining Car
CA - Dining Car
WR - Soft Sleeper Car

CRH2A

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type¹	ZE				ZEC	ZE	ZY	ZE
Type²	ZE		ZY	ZE	ZEC	ZE	ZY	ZE
Type³	ZY		ZE		ZEC	ZE	ZY
Type⁴	ZE				ZEC	ZY		ZE
Type⁵ (Second Batch)	ZE		ZYE	ZE	ZEC	ZE	ZY	ZE
Type⁶ (EC)	ZY	ZE			ZEC	ZE
Power Configuration	TC	M		TP	T	MP	M	TC
Power Units	Unit 1				Unit 2
Capacity¹	55	100	85	100	55	100	51	64
Capacity²	55	100	46	100	55	100	51	64
Capacity³	44	83	85	100	55	100	51	44
Capacity⁴	55	100	85	100	55	78	51	64
Capacity⁵	55	100	59	100	71	100	51	64
Capacity⁶	48	90	90	77	63	90	90	65

^1 Train No.CRH2A-2001 to CRH2A-2020, CRH2A-2022 to CRH2A-2042, and CRH2A-2044
^2 Train No.CRH2A-2021
^3 Train No.CRH2A-2043
^4 Train No.CRH2A-2045 to CRH2A-2060
^5 Train No.CRH2A-2151 to CRH2A-2211. Coach No. 3 has 16 First Class Seats and 43 Second Class seats
^6 Train No.CRH2A-2212 to CRH2A-2416

CRH2B

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Type	ZY			ZE				CA	ZE
Power Configuration	TC	M		TP	T	M		T		M		T	TP	M		TC
Power Units	Unit 1				Unit 2				Unit 3				Unit 4
Capacity	36	68	51	100	85	100	85		85	100	85	100	85	100	85	65

Train No.CRH2B-2111 to CRH2B-2120

CRH2C

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type	ZE				ZEC	ZE	ZY	ZE
Power Configuration	TC	M		MP	M	MP	M	TC
Power Units	Unit 1				Unit 2
Capacity	55	100	85	100	71	100	51	64

Train No.CRH2C-2061 to CRH2C-2110 and CRH2C-2141 to CRH2C-2150

CRH2E

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Type	ZE	WR						CA	WR							ZE
Power Configuration	TC	M		TP	T	M		T		M		T	TP	M		TC
Power Units	Unit 1				Unit 2				Unit 3				Unit 4
Capacity	55	40	40	40	40	40	40	0	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	55

Train No.CRH2E-2121 to CRH2E-2140

Distribution

As of February, 2011

Operator	Quantity	Series number	Lines serving	Note
CRH2A
Beijing Railway Bureau	4	CRH₂-028A、CRH₂-037A、 CRH₂-043A、CRH₂-044A	Jinghu Railway、Jingha Railway
Xi'an Railway Bureau	1	CRH₂-038A	Longhai Railway
Wuhan Railway Bureau	25	CRH₂-011A、CRH₂-018A、CRH₂-019A、CRH₂-022A、 CRH₂-027A、CRH₂-029A、CRH₂-033A、CRH₂-034A、 CRH₂-039A、CRH₂-040A、CRH₂-045A ～ CRH₂-056A、 CRH₂-059A、CRH₂-060A、CRH₂-162A	Jingguang Railway、Jinghu Railway、 Handan Railway、Xiangyu Railway、 Hening PDL-Hewu PDL
Shenyang Railway Bureau	2	CRH₂-057A、CRH₂-058A	Jingha Railway、Jinghu Railway
Shanghai Railway Bureau	25	CRH₂-002A ～ CRH₂-009A、CRH₂-014A、CRH₂-020A、 CRH₂-021A、CRH₂-023A ～ CRH₂-025A、CRH₂-030A、 CRH₂-156A ～ CRH₂-161A、CRH₂-165A ～ CRH₂-168A	Jinghu Railway、Hukun Railway、 Jingguang Railway、Hangyong Railway、 Yongtaiwen PDL、Wenfu PDL、 Hening PDL-Hewu PDL、Huhag PDL
Nanchang Railway Bureau	22	CRH₂-012A、CRH₂-013A、CRH₂-015A ～ CRH₂-017A、 CRH₂-026A、CRH₂-031A、CRH₂-032A、CRH₂-035A、 CRH₂-036A、CRH₂-041A、CRH₂-151A～ CRH₂-155A、 CRH₂-163A、 CRH₂-164A、CRH₂-169A ～ CRH₂-172A	Yongtaiwen PDL、Wenfu PDL、 Hukun Railway、Hangyong Railway、 Fuxia PDL、Changjiu ICL
China MOR	2	CRH₂-001A、CRH₂-042A		Official Train
China MOR	1	CRH₂-010A		Track Inspection Train
CRH2B
Shanghai Railway Bureau	10	CRH₂-111B ～ CRH₂-120B	Hening PDL、Hukun Railway、 Yongtaiwen PDL、Wenfu PDL、Huhang PDL
CRH2C
Shanghai Railway Bureau	27	CRH₂-062C ～ CRH₂-067C、CRH₂-069C ～ CRH₂-090C	Huning PDL、Huhang PDL
Shanghai Railway Bureau	2	CRH₂-068C、 CRH₂-150C（CIT380A）		Track Inspection Train
Wuhan Railway Bureau	20	CRH₂-097C～CRH₂-110C、 CRH₂-141C~CRH₂-144C、 CRH₂-148C、CRH₂-149C	Wuguang PDL
Xi'an Railway Bureau	9	CRH₂-091C ～ CRH₂-096C、CRH₂-145C ～ CRH₂-147C	Zhengxi PDL
China MOR	1	CRH₂-061C		Track Inspection Train
CRH2E
Beijing Railway Bureau	10	CRH₂-121E ～ CRH₂-125E、 CRH₂-131E、CRH₂-133E、 CRH₂-137E ～ CRH₂-140E	Jinghu Railway、Huhang PDL	(CRH₂-139E was written off in Wenzhou train collision )
Nanchang Railway Bureau	4	CRH₂-126E、CRH₂-128E、 CRH₂-134E、CRH₂-136E	Fuxia PDL	Sleeper berths apparently converted to seats;^[16] no overnight trains are scheduled on the Fuxia line in 2012.
Shanghai Railway Bureau	5	CRH₂-127E、CRH₂-129E、 CRH₂-130E、CRH₂-132E、 CRH₂-135E	Jinghu Railway

References

External links

Media related to China Railways CRH2 at Wikimedia Commons

High-speed rail in China

Maglev

Shanghai Maglev Train

Conventional high-speed railways

National 4 × 4 Corridors	North–south Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Beijing–Harbin Beijing–Shanghai Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen East–west Shanghai–Kunming Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Qingdao–Taiyuan Xuzhou–Lanzhou

Long-distance major corridors	Chengdu–Guangzhou Chongqing–Guizhou Chongqing–Lanzhou Datong–Xi'an Ganzhou–Shenzhen Hengyang–Liuzhou Hefei–Fuzhou Lanzhou–Urumqi Nanchang–Shenzhen Nanning-Kunming Nanning–Guangzhou Qinhuangdao–Shenyang Tianjin–Qinhuangdao Xi'an–Chengdu Xi'an–Chongqing

Intercity and long-distance	300–350 km/h Beijing–Tianjin Beijing–Tangshan Chengdu–Chongqing Chongqing–Wanzhou Nanjing–Hangzhou Shanghai–Nanjing 200–250 km/h Chengdu–Mianyang–Leshan Changchun–Jilin Dandong–Dalian Beijing–Zhangjiakou Harbin–Jiamusi Harbin–Mudanjiang Harbin–Qiqihar Guangzhou–Foshan–Zhaoqing Liuzhou–Nanning Jilin–Hunchun Nanjing–Anqing Nanchang–Jiujiang Shenzhen–Maoming Tianjin–Baoding Qingdao–Rongcheng Shenyang–Dandong Xi'an–Chengdu Zhangjiakou–Hohot

Regional intercity	300–350 km/h Chengdu–Ya'an Tianjin–Binhai New Area 200–250 km/h Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Chengdu–Dujiangyan Chengdu–Pujiang Dongguan–Huizhou Foshan–Dongguan Fuzhou–Changle Airport Guangzhou–Dongguan–Shenzhen Guangzhou–Qingyuan Guangzhou–Zhuhai Guiyang-Kaiyang Hainan Eastern Ring Hainan Western Ring Lanzhou–Zhongchuan Airport Mianyang–Suining–Ziyang–Neijiang–Zigong–Yibin Suzhou–Jiaxing Wuhan Metropolitan Area Zhengzhou–Jiaozuo Zhengzhou–Kaifeng Zhengzhou–Xuchang

Upgraded old lines	Beijing–Guangzhou Beijing–Harbin Beijing–Shanghai Guangzhou–Shenzhen Hunan–Guangxi Lianyungang–Lanzhou Qingdao–Jinan Shanghai–Kunming Wuchang–Jiujiang Hankou–Danjiangkou Hangzhou–Ningbo

Rolling stock	Blue Arrow China Star CIT Trains CRH1 CRH2 CRH3 CRH5 CRH6 CRH380A SJ 2000 Zefiro 380

Italics – under construction or currently not operational
(-), Place A- – section under construction or currently not operational
§ – in/related to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan
(Place A-Place B) – share tracks with other lines

Shinkansen

Lines in service

Main lines	Tokaido Sanyo Tohoku Joetsu Hokuriku Kyushu

Mini-shinkansen	Yamagata Akita

Future lines

Hokkaido (March 2016)
Chuo (2027)

Cancelled lines

Narita

Service names

In service	Asama Hakutaka Hayabusa Hayate Hikari Hikari Rail Star Kagayaki Kodama Komachi Mizuho Nasuno Nozomi Sakura Tanigawa Toki Tsubame Tsubasa Tsurugi Yamabiko

Discontinued	Aoba Asahi

Trainsets

In service	500 series 700 series N700 series 800 series E2 series E3 series E4 series E5 series E6 series E7 series W7 series

On order	H5 series L0 Series

Retired	0 series 100 series 200 series 300 series 400 series E1 series

Export trainsets

Non-revenue
earning trainsets

Operators

Current operators	JR East JR Central JR West JR Kyushu

Former operators	JNR (1964–87)

Future operators	JR Hokkaido (from 2016)

People

Japan transit: Tokyo
Osaka
Nagoya
Fukuoka
Hakone Fuji Izu
Hokkaido
Toyama
Okayama
Shikoku
Sendai
Hiroden
Metro systems
Shinkansen
trams (list)
aerial lifts (list)

High-speed rail

Part of Rail transport

Technologies

High-speed trains
(category)

300 km/h (186 mph) or more	AGV AVE Class 100, 102, 103 China Railways CR2C, 3C, 380A, 380B, 380C, 380D ETR 500 Eurostar e300; e320 ETR 1000 ICE 3 KTX-I, II (Sancheon) Oaris Shinkansen Series 500, N700, E5, E6, H5, L0 AVRIL TGV Sud-Est (refurbished), Atlantique, Réseau, Duplex, POS, 2N2 TCDD HT80000 Thalys PBA, PBKA THSR 700T Transrapid Shanghai Maglev Train Velaro Bombardier Zefiro

250–299 km/h (155–186 mph)	China Railways CRH 1A, 1B, 1E, 2A, 2B, 2E New Pendolino ICE 1, 2 RENFE Class 120, 121, 130 Sapsan Shinkansen Series 200, 300, 700, 800, E2, E3, E7, W7 TCDD HT65000 TGV Sud-Est (original), La Poste V250 Fyra

200–249 km/h (124–155 mph)	Acela Express Adelante APT AVE Class 101/Euromed CRH6A ER200 GMB Class 71 (Flytoget) IC4 InterCity 125, 225 ICE T, TD ICE 4 (ICx) Javelin NSB Class 73 NSB Class 74 Pendolino Railjet Regina Shinkansen series 0, 100, 400, E1, E4 SBB RABDe 500, RABDe 502 IC 2000 SJ 2000 SJ X40 Z-TER (Z 21500) Sokol Super Express Class 800, Class 801, Class 802 Talgo XXI Voyager/Meridian X3

Experimental and prototype high-speed trains (category)

High-speed railway line
(category)

List of high-speed railway lines

By country

planned networks in italics

Africa	Morocco

Americas	Argentina Brazil Canada Mexico United States

Asia	China Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Kazakhstan South Korea Malaysia and Singapore Philippines Saudi Arabia Russia Taiwan Turkey Uzbekistan Vietnam

Europe	Austria Belgium Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Italy Latvia Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom

Oceania	Australia

Planned high-speed rail by country

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China Railways CRH2

History

CRH2A

CRH2B

CRH2C (CRH2-300)

CRH2C stage one

CRH2C stage two

CRH2E

CRH2-350

Formation

CRH2A

CRH2B

CRH2C

CRH2E

Distribution

See also

References

External links