China Railways CRH380A

China Railways CRH380A EMU
CRH380A train leaving Shanghai's Hongqiao Station.
In service	2010 - Present
Manufacturer	CSR Qingdao Sifang
Number under construction	CRH380A: 49 trainsets (392 cars) CRH380A (EC Type): 121 trainsets (968 cars) CRH380AL: 100 trainsets (1600 cars)
Formation	CRH380A / CRH380A (EC Type): 8 cars/trainset (6M2T) CRH380AL: 16 cars/trainset (14M2T)
Capacity	CRH380A: 480 CRH380A (EC Type): 556 CRH380AL: 1061 or 1028^[1]
Operator(s)	Chinese Ministry of Railways - Beijing Railway Bureau - Taiyuan Railway Bureau - Guangzhou Railway Bureau - Wuhan Railway Bureau - Shanghai Railway Bureau - Zhengzhou Railway Bureau - Jinan Railway Bureau - Nanchang Railway Bureau - Nanning Railway Bureau MTRC
Line(s) served	Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway Shanghai–Nanjing High-Speed Railway Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway
Specifications
Train length	CRH380A / CRH380A (EC Type): 203 m (666 ft) CRH380AL: 401.4 m (1,317 ft)
Width	3,380 mm (11 ft 1 in)
Height	3,700 mm (12 ft 2 in)
Platform height	1,250 mm (4 ft 1 in)
Maximum speed	380 km/h (236 mph) (operation) 486.1 km/h (302 mph) (testing)
Traction system	IGBT VVVF inverter control (Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric)
Power output	CRH380A / CRH380A (EC Type): 9.6 MW (12,900 hp) CRH380AL: 20.44 MW (27,410 hp)
Power supply	Overhead catenary
Electric system(s)	25 kV 50 Hz AC
Current collection method	Pantograph
Braking system(s)	Regenerative, electronically controlled pneumatic brakes

The CRH380A is a Chinese electric high-speed train that was developed by CSR Corporation Limited (CSR) and is currently manufactured by CSR Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. As a continuation of the CRH2-350 program it both replaces foreign technology in the CRH2 with Chinese developments and increases the top speed.^[2] The CRH380A is designed to operate at a cruise speed of 350 km/h (217 mph) and a maximum of 380 km/h (236 mph) in commercial service. The original 8-car train-set recorded a top speed of 416.6 km/h (258.9 mph) during a trial run^[3] and the longer 16-car train-set temporarily held the world record for the fastest production train at 486.1 km/h (302.0 mph).^[4]

CRH380A is one of the four Chinese train series which have been designed for the new standard operating speed of 380 km/h (236 mph) on newly constructed Chinese high-speed main lines, and the only series not to be based on a foreign design and produced under a technology transfer agreement. The other three are CRH380B, CRH380C and CRH380D: the CRH380B uses technology from Siemens, the CRH380C from Hitachi, and the CRH380D from Bombardier.

History

CRH380A at the Shanghai World Expo 2010

CRH380A leaving Hongqiao Station

The development started in early 2008, during the research procedure of CRH2-300 (later CRH2C), the CSR conducted more than 1000 technical tests covering 17 specific areas such as dynamic performance, pantograph-catenary current collection, aerodynamics, and traction performance. CSR discovered the technology to increase the maximum speed. These research findings were fed into the design for the new-generation high-speed train.^[2]

The original project was named "CRH2-350". On February 26, 2008,the Chinese Ministry of Science and Ministry of Railway (MOR) signed the Agreement on Joint and Independent Innovations of China High-speed Trains, CRH2-350 is one of the most important projects of this plan, the purpose is to develop Chinese designed new-generation High Speed train with continuous operating speed to be 350 km/h (217 mph), and maximum operating speed up to 380 km/h (236 mph). The new generations of rolling stock are expected to be used on the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway. the project officially launched in 2009, and was included in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan"'s National technology support program for key technology and equipment development of China' s high speed train.

The design work includes four categories: schematic, technical, construction, and experimentation/verification. based on the analysis of large amounts of data and experience from the operation of the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed rail. the MOR completed a series of initial system and optimized subsystem design, then provided CSR sifang with primary data and design. CSR presented more than 20 types of designs.^[5] After further comparison, calculation, optimization, simulation and testwork, on April 12, 2010, the final design was published on the Official conference held by Sifang. The train model was exhibited in May at the China Railway Pavilion in the Shanghai World Expo Park (IRJ July p5).

On September 2009, the Ministry of Railway had ordered 100 16-car and 40 eight-car new-generation high-speed trains from CSR Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock, the contract worth ¥45 billion (US$6.64 billion).^[6]

On April 18, 2012, the MTR ordered 9 CRH380A train sets for Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link.^[7]

Technical features

A CRH380A equipped with brushless electric motor

According to CSR, the overall design of CRH380A reflects ten major goals.^[2]^[8]^[9]

Low-resistance, streamlined head. The nose of the train has a resistance coefficient of less than 0.13, aerodynamic resistance was reduced by 6.1%, aerodynamic noise by 7%, aerodynamic lift by 51.7% and the lateral force acting on the head by 6.1%.
Vibration mode system matching. The CRH380A uses a lightweight aluminum alloy body whose total weight is no more than 9 t (8.9 long tons; 9.9 short tons), less than 17% of the entire vehicle; CSR has comprehensively improved the body structure, adopting a large number of new vibration damping materials. It also designed the bogie to match the performance of the body and optimized the train body's natural frequencies, which helps reduce structural vibrations at high speeds and improves ride comfort.
Highly pressurized tight body. The pressure change rate inside the train is less than 200 Pa (0.029 psi)/s, with the maximum pressure change inside the train remaining below 800 Pa (0.12 psi) compared with the standard value of 1,000 Pa (0.15 psi). This ensures good ride quality at high speed.
Safe and reliable high-speed bogies. The train is equipped with SWMB-400/SWTB-400 bolster-less bogies. These are a redesign of the SWMB-350/SWTB-350 bogies used by CRH2C; their critical instability speed is 550 km/h (342 mph). The new train's derail coefficient is 0.34 at a speed of 386 km/h (240 mph) while the maximum derail coefficient of the CRH2A is 0.73.^[10]
Advanced noise control technology. By reducing sources of noise and adopting new sound absorbing and insulating materials, CSR has been able to control noise inside the train. The noise level is at 67 dB - 69 dB when running at 350 km/h (217 mph), which is similar to the CRH2A running at 250 km/h (155 mph).^[10]
High-performance traction system, with YQ-365 motors manufactured by CSR Zhuzhou Electric Co., Ltd and CI11 Traction converters by Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric. The CRH380A has a new power unit configuration to maximize traction power. This allows the train to accelerate to 380 km/h (236 mph) in 7 minutes.
Regenerative braking with a maximum energy feedback rate of 95%. With each stop nearly 800 kWh of electric power can be fed back to the electric grid.

Test

CRH380AJ at Guangzhou S. station

The prototype vehicle was rolled off on April, 2010, the eight-car train was being tested on the China Academy of Railway Sciences experimental loop line (Beijing loop line) starting from April 26, 2010, and started trial runs on the Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed line on June 7, 2010.

The initial standard CRH380A trainsets was delivered on August 2010,^[8] The first test on conventional rail, based on a daily-service mode, was conducted on September 28, 2010.

The test was held on the Shanghai–Hangzhou Passenger Railway (also known as the Huhang high-speed railway, "Hu" stands for "Shanghai", "Hang" stands for Hangzhou; Hangzhou is the capital city of Zhejiang Province).^[11] The trainset with series number CRH_380A-6001 reached the maximum speed of 416.6 km/h (258.9 mph).^[11]

The first set of CRH380AL, series number CRH_380A-6041L, rolled off line by October 2010. On November 8, 2010, the 16-car train was sent to Beijing loop line for test. On November 20, 2010, the train was sent to Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway for trial run. On November 26, 2010, the first 380 km/h (236 mph) test run at the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway was launched at Zaozhuang - Bengbu section.^[12] The trainset with series number CRH_380A-6041L reached the maximum speed of 486.1 km/h (302.0 mph) on December 3, 2010.^[13] During the test, It traveled 220 km (137 mi) in 34 minutes, at average speed of 388 km/h (241 mph).^[1]^[14]

Commercialization

CRH380A entered service on September 30, 2010 in limited capacity on the Shanghai–Nanjing High-Speed Railway line.

On October 26, 2010, CRH380A entered regular service at the Shanghai–Hangzhou Passenger Railway and Shanghai–Nanjing Intercity Railway. The maximum operational speed reaches 355 km/h (221 mph), and this is always restricted by the software of the computerized control system.^[15] The travel time between Shanghai and Hangzhou reduced from 1 hour 18 minutes to 45 minutes.^[16] and travel time between Nanjing and Hangzhou reduced from 3 hour 19 minutes to 2 hour 48 minutes.^[17]

CRH380A started daily service at the Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway as of December 3, 2010.^[18]

Train series number

CRH380A : CRH380A-2501 ～ CRH380A-2540 and CRH380A-2641 ～ CRH380A-2822.
CRH380AL : CRH380AL-2541 ～ CRH380A-2640.

Formation

Consolidated models of CRH380A are often double-headed in operation (seen at Beijing West Railway Station)

Each CRH380A has eight coaches, units with standard compartments were formed as follows:

Power Destination

M - Motor car
T - Trailer car
C - Driver cabin
P - Pantograph

Coach Type

SW - Business Class Coach
ZY - First Class Coach
ZE - Second Class Coach
CA - Dining Car
ZEC - Second Class Coach / Dining Car
ZYG - First Class Coach / Sightseeing Car
ZEG - Second Class Coach / Sightseeing Car
ZYT - First Class / Premier Coach
ZET - Second Class / Premier Coach
ZYS - First Class / Business Coach
ZES - Second Class / Business Coach

CRH380A

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type¹	ZET	ZE	ZYT	ZY	ZEC	ZE		ZET
Type²	ZYS	ZE			ZEC	ZE		ZES
Power Configuration	TC	M		MP	M	MP	M	TC
Capacity¹	40+6	85	38+6	51	38+14	85	85	40+6
Capacity²	28+5	85	85	75	63	85	85	40+5

^1 Train No. CRH380A-2501 to CRH380A-2540
^2 Train No. CRH380A-2641 to CRH380A-2860

CRH380AL

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Type¹	ZYG	ZY	SW	ZY	ZE				CA	ZE						ZYG
Type²	SW	ZY		ZE					ZEC	ZE						SW
Power Configuration	TC	M			MP	M							MP	M		TC
Capacity¹	25+2	56	24	56	73	85	85	85	38	85	85	85	85	85	85	25+2
Capacity²	10+3	56	56	85	73	85	85	85	38	85	85	85	85	85	85	10+3

^1 Train No. CRH380AL-2541 to CRH380AL-2570
^2 Train No. CRH380AL-2571 to CRH380AL-2640

Distribution

As of September 2015

Operator	Quantity	Serial number	Depot	Lines serving	Notes
CRH380A
Taiyuan Railway Bureau	10	2668, 2669, 2674～2679, 2689, 2690	Taiyuan South	Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan PDL, Beijing-Guangzhou HSR
Taiyuan Railway Bureau	4	2845～2848	Taiyuan
Shanghai Railway Bureau	6	2505, 2508～2510, 2533, 2535	Hefei South	Shanghai-Nanjing PDL, Shanghai-Hangzhou PDL, Hefei-Nanjing PDL, Beijing-Shanghai HSR, Nanjing-Hangzhou PDL	Including through trains via Huning PDL-Huhang PDL and Huhang-Jinghu HSR
Beijing Railway Bureau	7	2512, 2525, 2527～2530, 2534	Beijing South	Beijing-Shanghai HSR
	13	2501～2504, 2507, 2516, 2517, 2520～2524, 2526	Beijing West	Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong HSR
	3	2506, 2519, 2723	Shijiazhuang	Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong HSR
Jinan Railway Bureau	21	2511, 2513～2515, 2518, 2531, 2532, 2536, 2537, 2539, 2641～2643, 2648～2650, 2653～2657	Qingdao	Qingdao-Jinan PDL, Beijing-Shanghai HSR
Guangzhou Railway Group	11	2662～2664, 2705, 2706, 2715, 2796～2800	Guangzhou South	Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong HSR, Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu PDL	For G1312/3 G1314/1 Shenzhen North-Chongqing North and G1316/7 G1318/5 Guangzhou South-Chengdu East trains only
Nanchang Railway Bureau	37	2658, 2659, 2683, 2684, 2691～2694, 2697～2699, 2701～2704, 2707～2714, 2726～2728, 2730, 2731, 2737, 2741～2745, 2750～2752	Nanchang West	Xiangtang–Putian Railway, Hefei-Fuzhou HSR, Shanghai-Kunming HSR, Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong HSR, Zhengzhou-Xi'an HSR, Nanjing-Hangzhou PDL
Nanchang Railway Bureau	25	2753～2755, 2760, 2761, 2784～2795, 2802～2807, 2843, 2844	Fuzhou South	Hefei-Fuzhou HSR, Shanghai-Kunming HSR, Beijing-Shanghai HSR
Wuhan Railway Bureau	16	2646, 2647, 2651, 2652, 2660, 2661, 2666, 2667, 2681, 2682, 2722, 2738, 2739, 2746～2748	Wuhan	Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong HSR, Nanjing-Hangzhou PDL, Hangzhou-Ningbo PDL, Hefei-Nanjing Railway, Hefei-Wuhan PDL	Some running solely on Wuguang PDL
Zhengzhou Railway Bureau	8	2644, 2645, 2672, 2673, 2680, 2720, 2721, 2733	Zhengzhou East	Zhengzhou-Xi'an HSR, Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong HSR
Nanning Railway Bureau	21	2670, 2671, 2685～2688, 2695, 2696, 2718, 2719, 2724, 2725, 2732, 2734～2736, 2740, 2766, 2767, 2851, 2852	Nanning	Liuzhou-Nanning Intercity-Hengyang-Liuzhou Railway-Beijing-Guangzhou HSR
Chengdu Railway Bureau	15	2758, 2759, 2762, 2763, 2768～2770, 2801, 2811, 2812, 2831, 2832, 2835, 2836, 2842	Chengdu East	Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu Railway-Beijing-Guangzhou HSR
Chengdu Railway Bureau	26	2700, 2756, 2757, 2764, 2765, 2771～2783, 2813, 2814, 2826, 2827, 2829, 2830, 2837, 2838	Guiyang North	Shanghai-Kunming HSR
China Railway Corporation	2	2538, 2808	N/A		Executive trains
CRH380AL
Shanghai Railway Bureau	7	2542, 2543, 2564～2568	Hefei South	Nanjing-Hangzhou-Ningbo HSR
Beijing Railway Bureau	17	2541, 2544～2551, 2554～2556, 2559, 2560, 2561, 2563, 2570	Shijiazhuang	Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong HSR
	1	2562	Beijing South	Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou HSR
	9	2557, 2558, 2569, 2596, 2599～2602, 2621	Beijing West	Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong HSR
Wuhan Railway Bureau	33	2573～2588, 2605, 2611～2614, 2622～2630, 2632, 2635, 2636	Wuhan	Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong HSR, Nanjing-Hangzhou PDL, Hangzhou-Ningbo PDL, Hefei-Wuhan	Some running solely on Wuguang PDL
Xi'an Railway Bureau	13	2572, 2589～2593, 2597, 2598, 2603, 2620, 2633, 2634, 2637, 2638	Xi'an North	Zhengzhou-Xi'an HSR, Beijing-Guangzhou HSR
Taiyuan Railway Bureau	2	2639, 2640	Taiyuan	Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan PDL, Beijing-Guangzhou HSR
Zhengzhou Railway Bureau	14	2552, 2554, 2594, 2595, 2604, 2606～2610, 2616～2619	Zhengzhou East	Zhengzhou-Xi'an HSR, Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong HSR
Zhengzhou Railway Bureau	2	2615, 2620	Zhengzhou
CRH380AJ (formerly CIT400A)
China Railway Corporation	3	0201～0203	N/A		Comprehensive inspection trains in orange livery

Criticism

Claims by Kawasaki Heavy Industries suggests that the trains design was Shinkansen derived without citation to the previous technology.^[19]

References

1 2 http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-12/04/content_11652641.htm
1 2 3 "First Chinese designed HS train breaks cover:". International Railway Journal. September 2010.
↑
↑ . Peoplerail. October26，2010 http://www.peoplerail.com/xinwen/20101027/n324636648.html. Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
↑ "南车动车组跑出416.6公里世界最高速". www.chnrailway.com.
↑ "First Chinese--designed HS train breaks cover: CSR is building a fleet of very-high-speed trains will be the first such trains built in China to use only Chinese technology. They will be launched on the new Beijing - Shanghai high-speed line, due to open next year, as well as the Beijing - Guangzhou line". International Railway Journal. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2015 – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
↑ http://news.cn.yahoo.com/ypen/20120418/994153.html
1 2 "CSR equips Shanghai-Hangzhou intercity high-speed railway with CHR380A EMUs". CSR Official sites.
↑ "和谐号"CRH380A十大技术创新". CNR Radio.
1 2 "中国南车在国际市场上拓展品牌". www.cqn.com.cn.
1 2 "Speed test of Huhang high-speed rail sets new record of 416.6 km/h (258.9 mph)". People's Daily Online. 17:33, September 28, 2010 (Beijing Time). Retrieved Oct 2, 2010. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ "视频：京沪高铁进行首次380公里时速试验". www.iqilu.com.
↑ http://news.cntv.cn/china/20101203/106406.shtml
↑ http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2010-12/04/c_12846483.htm
↑ "沪杭高铁"贴地飞行" 设计堪比星级酒店". zjnews.zjol.com.cn.
↑ "世界运营铁路第一速领跑长三角". news.163.com.
↑ "沪杭高铁26日正式开通运营全程最快2小时48分". news.163.com.
↑ "新一代高速动车组CRH380A明起亮相武广高铁". news.hexun.com.
↑ http://fortune.com/2013/04/15/did-china-steal-japans-high-speed-train/

External links

Media related to China Railways CRH380A at Wikimedia Commons

High-speed rail in China

Maglev

Shanghai Maglev Train

Conventional high-speed railways

National 4 × 4 Corridors	North–south Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Beijing–Harbin Beijing–Shanghai Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen East–west Shanghai–Kunming Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Qingdao–Taiyuan Xuzhou–Lanzhou

Long-distance major corridors	Chengdu–Guangzhou Chongqing–Guizhou Chongqing–Lanzhou Datong–Xi'an Ganzhou–Shenzhen Hengyang–Liuzhou Hefei–Fuzhou Lanzhou–Urumqi Nanchang–Shenzhen Nanning-Kunming Nanning–Guangzhou Qinhuangdao–Shenyang Tianjin–Qinhuangdao Xi'an–Chengdu Xi'an–Chongqing

Intercity and long-distance	300–350 km/h Beijing–Tianjin Beijing–Tangshan Chengdu–Chongqing Chongqing–Wanzhou Nanjing–Hangzhou Shanghai–Nanjing 200–250 km/h Chengdu–Mianyang–Leshan Changchun–Jilin Dandong–Dalian Beijing–Zhangjiakou Harbin–Jiamusi Harbin–Mudanjiang Harbin–Qiqihar Guangzhou–Foshan–Zhaoqing Liuzhou–Nanning Jilin–Hunchun Nanjing–Anqing Nanchang–Jiujiang Shenzhen–Maoming Tianjin–Baoding Qingdao–Rongcheng Shenyang–Dandong Xi'an–Chengdu Zhangjiakou–Hohot

Regional intercity	300–350 km/h Chengdu–Ya'an Tianjin–Binhai New Area 200–250 km/h Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Chengdu–Dujiangyan Chengdu–Pujiang Dongguan–Huizhou Foshan–Dongguan Fuzhou–Changle Airport Guangzhou–Dongguan–Shenzhen Guangzhou–Qingyuan Guangzhou–Zhuhai Guiyang-Kaiyang Hainan Eastern Ring Hainan Western Ring Lanzhou–Zhongchuan Airport Mianyang–Suining–Ziyang–Neijiang–Zigong–Yibin Suzhou–Jiaxing Wuhan Metropolitan Area Zhengzhou–Jiaozuo Zhengzhou–Kaifeng Zhengzhou–Xuchang

Upgraded old lines	Beijing–Guangzhou Beijing–Harbin Beijing–Shanghai Guangzhou–Shenzhen Hunan–Guangxi Lianyungang–Lanzhou Lianyungang–Lanzhou Nanjing–Qidong Shanghai–Kunming Wuchang–Jiujiang Hankou–Danjiangkou Hangzhou–Ningbo

Rolling stock	Blue Arrow China Star CIT Trains CRH1 CRH2 CRH3 CRH5 CRH6 CRH380A SJ 2000 Zefiro 380

Italics – under construction or currently not operational
(-), Place A- – section under construction or currently not operational
§ – in/related to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan
(Place A-Place B) – share tracks with other lines

High-speed rail

Part of Rail transport

Technologies

High-speed trains
(category)

300 km/h (186 mph) or more	AGV AVE Class 100, 102, 103 China Railways CR2C, 3C, 380A, 380B, 380C, 380D ETR 500 Eurostar e300; e320 ETR 1000 ICE 3 KTX-I, II (Sancheon) Oaris Shinkansen Series 500, N700, E5, E6, H5, L0 AVRIL TGV Sud-Est (refurbished), Atlantique, Réseau, Duplex, POS, 2N2 TCDD HT80000 Thalys PBA, PBKA THSR 700T Transrapid Shanghai Maglev Train Velaro Bombardier Zefiro

250–299 km/h (155–186 mph)	China Railways CRH 1A, 1B, 1E, 2A, 2B, 2E New Pendolino ICE 1, 2 RENFE Class 120, 121, 130 Sapsan SBB RABe 501, RABe 503 Shinkansen Series 200, 300, 700, 800, E2, E3, E7, W7 TCDD HT65000 TGV Sud-Est (original), La Poste V250 Fyra

200–249 km/h (124–155 mph)	Acela Express Adelante APT AVE Class 101/Euromed CRH6A ER200 GMB Class 71 (Flytoget) IC4 InterCity 125, 225 ICE T, TD ICE 4 (ICx) Javelin NSB Class 73 NSB Class 74 Pendolino Railjet Regina Shinkansen series 0, 100, 400, E1, E4 SBB RABDe 500, RABDe 502, RABe 502, Re 460 SJ 2000, SJ X40 Z-TER (Z 21500) Sokol Super Express Class 800, Class 801, Class 802 Talgo XXI Voyager/Meridian X3

Experimental and prototype high-speed trains (category)

High-speed railway line
(category)

List of high-speed railway lines

By country

planned networks in italics

Africa	Morocco

Americas	Argentina Brazil Canada Mexico United States

Asia	China Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Kazakhstan South Korea Malaysia and Singapore Philippines Saudi Arabia Russia Taiwan Turkey Uzbekistan Vietnam

Europe	Austria Belgium Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Italy Latvia Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom

Oceania	Australia

Planned high-speed rail by country

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