Carbenoxolone

Carbenoxolone
Skeletal formula of carbenoxolone
Ball-and-stick model of the carbenoxolone molecule
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(3β)-3-[(3-carboxypropanoyl)oxy]-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid
OR
(2S,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS,12bR,14bR)-10-(3-carboxypropanoyloxy)-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
Identifiers
CAS Number 5697-56-3 N
ATC code A02BX01 (WHO)
PubChem CID 636403
IUPHAR/BPS 4151
DrugBank DB02329 YesY
ChemSpider 552190 YesY
UNII MM6384NG73 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL499915 YesY
Chemical data
Formula C34H50O7
Molar mass 570.765 g/mol
 NYesY (what is this?)  (verify)

Carbenoxolone (CBX) is a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative with a steroid-like structure, similar to substances found in the root of the licorice plant. Carbenoxolone is used for the treatment of peptic, esophageal and oral ulceration and inflammation. Electrolyte imbalance is a serious side effect of carbenoxolone when used systemically.[1]

Carbenoxolone reversibly inhibits the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone by blocking 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). 11β-HSD also reversibly catalyzes the conversion of 7-ketocholesterol to 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol. [2][3]

Carbenoxolone is a modestly potent, reasonably effective, water-soluble blocker of gap junctions.[4]

Nootropic effects

Carbenoxolone has also been investigated for nootropic effects.[5] This research started from an observation that long-term exposure to glucocorticoids may have negative effects on cognition. Carbenoxolone may decrease the amount of active glucocortocoid in the brain, because the drug inhibits 11β-HSD, an enzyme which regenerates cortisol, an active glucocorticoid, from inactive cortisone.

In the research trial investigating this use of carbenoloxone, it was shown that the drug improved verbal fluency in elderly healthy men (aged 55–75). In type 2 diabetics aged 52–70, the drug improved verbal memory. However, potassium-sparing diuretic amiloride was co-administered with carbenoxolone, since carbenoxolone used by itself may cause hypertension by increasing cortisol in the kidneys.

References

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