Clapham Junction railway station

Clapham Junction
South West (Brighton Yard) entrance
Clapham Junction Location of Clapham Junction in Greater London
Location	Battersea
Local authority	London Borough of Wandsworth
Managed by	South West Trains
Owner	Network Rail
Station code	CLJ
DfT category	B
Number of platforms	17
Accessible	Yes [1]
Fare zone	2
Cycle parking	Yes – external
Toilet facilities	Yes – behind gateline
National Rail annual entry and exit
2010–11	19.671 million[2]
— interchange	20.667 million[2]
2011–12	21.918 million[2]
— interchange	21.540 million[2]
2012–13	23.623 million[2]
— interchange	23.334 million[2]
2013–14	25.287 million[2]
— interchange	26.847 million[2]
2014–15	26.465 million[2]
— interchange	28.425 million[2]
Key dates
2 March 1863	Opened
Other information
Lists of stations	DLR Underground National Rail Tramlink
External links	Departures Layout Facilities Buses
London Transport portal UK Railways portalCoordinates: 51°27′53″N 0°10′14″W / 51.4646°N 0.1705°W

Clapham Junction railway station (/ˈklæpəm/^[3]) is a major railway station and transport hub near St John's Hill in the south-west of Battersea in the London Borough of Wandsworth. Although it is in Battersea, the area around the station is commonly identified as Clapham Junction, which is situated north of the neighbouring district of Clapham.

Routes from London's south and south-west termini, London Victoria and London Waterloo funnel through the station, making it one of the busiest in Europe^[4] by number of trains using it, between 100 and 180 per hour save for the five hours after midnight. The station is also the busiest UK station for interchanges between services.^[5]

History

Before the railway came, the area was rural and specialised in growing lavender; the street Lavender Hill is east of the station. The coach road from London to Guildford ran slightly south of the future station site, past The Falcon public house at the crossroads in the valley between St. John's Hill and Lavender Hill.

On 21 May 1838 the London and Southampton Railway became the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR), and opened its line from Nine Elms as far as Woking. That was the first railway through the area but it had no station at the present site.

Details of roof support columns

The second line, initially from Nine Elms to Richmond, opened on 27 July 1846. Nine Elms was replaced in 1848 as the terminus by Waterloo Bridge station, now Waterloo. The line to Victoria opened by 1860. Clapham Junction opened on 2 March 1863, a joint venture of the L&SWR, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) and the West London Extension Railway (WLER) as an interchange station for their lines.^[6]

When the station was built, much of Battersea was the site of heavy industry while Clapham, a mile south-east of this point, was fashionable. The railway companies, to attract a middle- and upper-class clientele, seized the unindustrial parish calculating that being upon the slopes of Clapham's plateau would only re-inforce this distinction, leading to a long-lasting misunderstanding that the station is in Clapham. The railway companies were not alone in eschewing the name of Battersea; from the 1880s until the 1950s the imposing private houses forming the streets of the district were commonly recorded by property-owning residents as 'Clapham Common N. Side, London' and 'Clapham Common W. Side, London' despite being well away from those park-side streets.^[7][8]

Additional station buildings were erected in 1874 and 1876.

Whereas the station brought wealthy streets to Battersea its adjoining (entirely modernised) manual railway works and the large Battersea Power Station brought slums, the population of which rose from 6,000 in 1840 to 168,000 by 1910. Battersea's slums unfit for human habitation were entirely replaced with council and charitable housing between 1918 and 1975.

A British Rail Class 73 with track workers maintaining the railway in 1986 under British Rail.

Discontinued proposals

A £39.5 million planning application from Metro Shopping Fund was withdrawn before governmental planning committee consideration on 20 May 2009.^{[n 1]}

A 'Heathrow Airtrack' to reduce the 95-minute journey by tube and Gatwick Express to Gatwick and unite the Great Western Main Line with Heathrow, Gatwick and the South Western Main Line was cancelled in 2011 following improvements to the 2005-built Heathrow Connect track from Hayes and Harlington and practical impediments, such as pressure for continued high-frequency services on the three deemed-'entrenched' semi-fast and slow services between Clapham Junction and Staines. Overground, the change would have been at Clapham Junction.^[9]

Incidents and accidents

Clapham rail disaster

On the morning of 12 December 1988 two collisions involving three commuter trains occurred slightly south-west of the station. Thirty-five people died and more than 100 were injured.

The Junction

A 1912 Railway Clearing House map of lines around Clapham Junction.

The station is named Clapham Junction because it is at the junction of several rail lines. The name is not given to any rail junction near the station which, without end-on intercompany junctions, are:

• Falcon Junction at the south end of the station, where the West London Line (WLL) joins the Brighton Slow Lines
• Ludgate Junction at the eastern end of the Windsor Line platforms to the WLL
• Latchmere SW Junction connecting the WLL to the Windsor lines at Ludgate Junction.
• Latchmere Main Junction connecting the WLL to the Brighton Line at Falcon Junction.
• West London Extension Junction and Junction for Waterloo, relaid for Eurostar empty-stock moves from the Windsor Lines to the WLL.
• Pouparts Junction where the low-level and high-level approaches to Victoria split.

The station today

Railways around Clapham Junction
Legend
Waterloo Vauxhall Victoria Linford curve built for Eurostar = Stewarts Lane Junction Chatham Main Line & South London Line to Wandsworth Road Battersea Park Chatham Main Line & South London Line to Wandsworth Road Stewarts Lane TMD Queenstown Road = Longhedge Junctions by 1912 map   changed after grouping and end of freight service = West London Extension Junction Poupart's Junction Latchmere Junction for Waterloo Latchmere Main Junction Latchmere Southwest Junction to West London Line = Ludgate Junction Clapham Junction Carriage sidings Falcon Junction Brighton Main Line to Wandsworth Common South Western Main Line to Earlsfield Waterloo to Reading line to Wandsworth Town

Each day about 2,000 trains, over half of them stopping, pass through the station, more than through any other station in Europe.^[10] At peak times 180 trains per hour pass through of which 117 stop. It is not the busiest station by number of passengers, most of whom (about 430,000 on a weekday, of which 135,000 are at rush hours) pass through. Interchanges make some 40% of the activity and on that basis too it is the busiest station in the UK.^[11]

In 2011 the station had three entrances, all with staffed ticket offices, though only the south-east entrance is open 24 hours a day. The most heavily used of the three, this leads from St John's Hill via a small indoor shopping centre into a subway some 15 ft (4.6 m) wide, that connects to the eastern ends of all platforms.

The north entrance, which has restricted opening hours, leads from Grant Road to the same subway. The subway is crowded during rush hours, with the ticket barriers at the ends being pinch points.

The south-west entrance, also known as the Brighton Yard entrance, as the buildings still bear signage for the London Brighton and South Coast Railway, is of a more traditional appearance, with a Victorian station building set at the back of a large forecourt. This entrance leads to a very wide covered footbridge, which joins the western ends of all platforms. This entrance includes cycle parking and a taxi rank. It was re-opened in May 2011 as part of a wider programme of access improvements that included installing lifts to the platforms.^[12]

There are public and disabled toilets at the south-west entrance. There are refreshment kiosks in the subway, on the footbridge and on some platforms; and a small shopping centre, including a small branch of Sainsbury's supermarket, in the south-east entrance.

British Transport Police maintain a neighbourhood policing presence,^[13] whereas the Metropolitan Police Service and the part-Transport For London funded Safer Transport Command provides a police presence in the area outside the station.

9 December 2012 saw the opening of a new platform for the East London Line, creating an orbital railway around inner London.^[14]

Overcrowding is most frequent in the often convenient but narrow cross-platform subway. Using this rather than the wide, elegant flying concourse for interchange, a visitors' eyes assessment of fabric and environment listed Clapham Junction in the most needy 10% of Department for Transport category B stations.

Platforms

The subway at Clapham Junction during night.

The station has 17 platforms, 1 to 17:

• Platforms 1-2 are northeast-facing bay platforms, used by the London Overground services to and from Highbury & Islington.^[15] Usually, platform 1 is served by trains via Willesden Junction, while platform 2 is used by services via Canada Water, although this usage can be reversed.
• Platforms 3-6 are through platforms used by South West Trains services going to or from Putney and beyond.^[15]

Sidings leading into railway sheds at the west of the station are located between platforms 6 and 7.^[15]

• Platforms 7-11 are through platforms used by South West Trains services going to or from Wimbledon and beyond. Some long-distance services (from places such as Portsmouth Harbour or Weymouth) that do not call at the station also pass through these platforms.^[15]

Clapham Junction platforms

• Platforms 12-15 are through platforms used by Southern services that start or terminate at London Victoria. The non-stopping Gatwick Express services also pass through these platforms.^[15]
• Platforms 16-17 are through platforms used by Southern services on the West London Line (to or from Watford Junction or Milton Keynes Central). During emergency engineering works, these platforms can also be used by some London Overground services to and from Willesden Junction.^[15]

Station announcements

Currently, the voices of Phil Sayer^[16] and Celia Drummond are played at this station in automated station announcements.

Services

All South West Trains services from Waterloo pass through the station, as do Southern and Gatwick Express trains from Victoria. The West London Line and East London Line services of London Overground have Clapham Junction as one of the termini.

The typical off-peak service of more than 120 trains an hour comprises:

• 35 to London Waterloo
• 22 to London Victoria
• 1 to Alton
• 1 to Basingstoke (slow)
• 2 to Brighton (express)
• 2 to Caterham via Norbury
• 2 to Chessington South
• 1 to Dorking via Sutton
• 2 to Dorking via Wimbledon
• 1 to East Croydon via Norbury
• 2 to East Grinstead
• 1 to Epsom Downs
• 2 to Epsom via Hackbridge
• 1 to Epsom via Norbury
• 1 to Exeter St Davids via Salisbury
• 2 to Guildford via Cobham & Stoke d'Abernon
• 2 to Guildford via Epsom
• 2 to Hampton Court
• 1 to Haslemere
• 4 to Highbury & Islington via Denmark Hill^[17]
• 1 to Horsham via Sutton and Dorking
• 1 to Littlehampton and Eastbourne, dividing at Haywards Heath
• 2 to London Bridge via Crystal Palace
• 2 to London Waterloo by the Hounslow Loop via Brentford, Hounslow and Richmond
• 2 to London Waterloo by the Hounslow Loop via Richmond, Hounslow and Brentford
• 2 to London Waterloo by the Kingston Loop via Wimbledon, Kingston and Richmond
• 2 to London Waterloo by the Kingston Loop via Richmond, Kingston and Wimbledon
• 1 to Milton Keynes Central via Kensington Olympia and Watford Junction
• 1 to Ore and Littlehampton, dividing at Haywards Heath
• 1 to Poole (slow)
• 1 to Portsmouth and Southsea via Haslemere
• 1 to Portsmouth Harbour and Bognor Regis, dividing at Horsham
• 2 to Reading via Wokingham
• 1 to Reigate
• 2 to Shepperton via Wimbledon
• 1 to Southampton Central and Bognor Regis, dividing at Horsham
• 2 to Sutton via Norbury
• 1 to Tonbridge via Redhill
• 2 to Weybridge via Brentford, Hounslow and Staines
• 1 to Weymouth
• 4 to Willesden Junction, of which 2 continue to Stratford^[18]
• 2 to Windsor & Eton Riverside
• 2 to Woking (slow)

The footbridge.

Clapham Junction in 2001.

Future Proposals

In 2007 the alignment of one of the two variants of Crossrail 2, that via the station rather than Putney and Wimbledon, was safeguarded. The Department for Transport and Transport for London continue to discuss proposal for a Clapham Junction Northern Line extension and its London Underground alignment has been legally reserved through Battersea Park.^[19]

Government and Network Rail funding for in the early 2010s of £50 million of improvements was granted.^[20] This comprised an upgrade to the main interchange: new entrances and more retail.^[21]

Connections

London Buses routes 35, 37, 39, 49, 77, 87, 156, 170, 219, 295, 319, 337, 344, 345, 639, 670, C3 and G1 and night routes N19, N31, N35 and N87 serve the station.^[22][23]

Notes and references

Notes

1. The 2009 Metro Shopping company plan included a new entrance on St John's Hill, the straightening and extension of platforms 15 to 17, more ticketing facilities, step-free access to all platforms by 2011, a new step-free entrance on Grant Road, and a new 'high street' from St John's Hill to Falcon Road with retail space and arthouse cinema. Profitable immediate funding was planned via radical height 42-storey residential buildings above the station.

References

1. National Rail: Clapham Junction Accessed 7 August 2011
2. "Station usage estimates". Rail statistics. Office of Rail Regulation. Please note: Some methodology may vary year on year.
3. Pronunciation given by Oxford Learners' Dictionaries
4. Great British Railway Journeys (Series 4, Episode 7): "Woking to Clapham Junction" BBC2, 15 January 2013
5. Office of Rail Regulation, Station Usage Estimates 2011–12
6. The west London Railway and the W.L.E.R, H.V.Borley & R.W.Kidner, 1981 reprint, The Oakwood Press, Usk Monmouthshire. ISBN 0-85361-174-2
7. Year's Art, published 1922, London, p. 500
8. Directory of British Architects, 1834–1914: Vol. 2 (L-Z) A. Brodie (ed), 2001, Continuum, London, p.12
9. "Heathrow Airtrack Waterloo rail link shelved by BAA". BBC News London. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
10. "Great British Railway Journeys (Series 4, Episode 7): Woking to Clapham Junction" BBC2, UK TV Channel, 15/01/13
11. Delta Rail, 2008–09 station usage report, Office of the Rail Regulation website
12. Route Plans 2007 – Route 3 – South West Main line published by Network Rail, 2007 – See page 20
13. British Transport Police, London South Area
14. Outer London rail orbital opens for passengers
15. Detailed London transport map (track, depot, ...)
16. We are sorry to announce: Britain's most apologetic couple
17. Highbury & Islington to West Croydon/Clapham Junction timetable
18. Richmond/Clapham Junction to Stratford timetable
19. Clapham Junction next for Northern Line says London Assembly member Wandsworth Guardian
20. "£50m revamp for 'worst stations'". BBC News. 17 November 2009. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
21. Chris Green & Sir Peter Hall, Better Rail Stations, November 2009
22. Clapham Junction Station – Bus Station 1
23. Clapham Junction Station – Bus Station 2

External links

• Network Rail Details
• Short History of Clapham Junction prepared by Wandsworth Council, and from which much of the information in the history section of this entry is sourced
• 1988: 35 dead in Clapham rail collision BBC News report on the 1988 train collisions
• Local news website
• Yes, Clapham Junction is that bad. The sun shone, but the roof still leaks, Zoe Williams, The Guardian 18 November 2009
• Winchester, Clarence, ed. (4 October 1935), "Clapham Junction", Railway Wonders of the World, pp. 1129–1132, description of the station in the 1930s