ISO 639 macrolanguage

"Macrolanguage" redirects here. For macro languages in computer science, see Macro (computer science).

ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. In defining some of its language codes, some are classified as macrolanguages, which include other individual languages in the standard. This category exists to assist mapping between another set of languages codes, ISO 639-2, and ISO 639-3. ISO 639-3 is curated by SIL International, ISO 639-2 is curated by the Library of Congress (USA).

The mapping often has the implication that it covers borderline cases where two language varieties may be considered strongly divergent dialects of the same language or very closely related languages (dialect continuums). It may also encompass situations when there are language varieties that are sometimes considered to be varieties of the same language and sometimes different languages for ethnic or political rather than linguistic reasons. However, this is not its primary function and the classification is not evenly applied. For example, "Chinese" is a macrolanguage encompassing many languages that are not mutually intelligible, but the languages "Standard German", "Bavarian German", and other closely related languages do not form a macrolanguage despite being more mutually intelligible. Other examples include Tajiki not being part of the Persian macrolanguage despite sharing much lexicon, and Urdu and Hindi not forming a macrolanguage. Basically, ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 use different criteria for dividing language varieties into languages, 639-2 uses shared writing systems and literature more whereas 639-3 focuses on mutual intelligibility and shared lexicon. The macrolanguages exist within the ISO 639-3 code set to make mapping between the two sets easier.

There are fifty-six language codes in ISO 639-2 that are considered to be macrolanguages in ISO 639-3.[1] The use of this category of macrolanguage was applied in Ethnologue, starting in the 16th edition.[2]

Some of the macrolanguages had no individual language (as defined by 639-3) in ISO 639-2, e.g. "ara" (Arabic), but ISO 639-3 recognizes different varieties of Arabic as separate languages under some circumstances. Others, like "nor" (Norwegian) had their two individual parts (nno Nynorsk, nob Bokmål) already in 639-2. That means some languages (e.g. "arb" Standard Arabic) that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ("ara") are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves. This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as forms of the same language, e.g. in cases of diglossia. For example,

ISO 639-2 also includes codes for collections of languages; these are not the same as macrolanguages. These collections of languages are excluded from ISO 639-3, because they never refer to individual languages. Most such codes are included in ISO 639-5.

Types of macrolanguages

List of macrolanguages

This list only includes official data from http://www.sil.org/iso639-3.

ISO 639-1 ISO 639-2 ISO 639-3 Number of individual languages Name of macrolanguage
ak aka aka 2 Akan language
ar ara ara 30 Arabic language
ay aym aym 2 Aymara language
az aze aze 2 Azerbaijani language
(-) bal bal 3 Baluchi language
(-) bik bik 8 + retired 1 Bikol language
(-) (-) bnc 5 Bontok language
(-) bua bua 3 Buriat language
(-) chm chm 2 Mari language (Russia)
cr cre cre 6 Cree language
(-) del del 2 Delaware language
(-) den den 2 Slave language (Athapascan)
(-) din din 5 Dinka language
(-) doi doi 2 Dogri language
et est est 2 Estonian language
fa fas/per fas 2 Persian language
ff ful ful 9 Fulah language
(-) gba gba 6 + retired 1 Gbaya language (Central African Republic)
(-) gon gon 2 Gondi language
(-) grb grb 5 Grebo language
gn grn grn 5 Guaraní language
(-) hai hai 2 Haida language
(-)[5] (-) hbs 3 Serbo-Croatian
(-) hmn hmn 25 + retired 1 Hmong language
iu iku iku 2 Inuktitut language
ik ipk ipk 2 Inupiaq language
(-) jrb jrb 5 Judeo-Arabic languages
kr kau kau 3 Kanuri language
(-) (-) kln 9 Kalenjin languages
(-) kok kok 2 Konkani language
kv kom kom 2 Komi language
kg kon kon 3 Kongo language
(-) kpe kpe 2 Kpelle language
ku kur kur 3 Kurdish language
(-) lah lah 7 + retired 1 Lahnda language
lv lav lav 2 Latvian language
(-) (-) luy 14 Luyia language
(-) man man 6 + retired 1 Manding languages
mg mlg mlg 11 + retired 1 Malagasy language
mn mon mon 2 Mongolian language
ms msa/may msa 36 + retired 1 Malay language
(-) mwr mwr 6 Marwari language
ne nep nep 2 Nepali language
no nor nor 2 Norwegian language
oj oji oji 7 Ojibwa language
or ori ori 2 Oriya language
om orm orm 4 Oromo language
ps pus pus 3 Pashto language
qu que que 44 Quechua language
(-) raj raj 6 Rajasthani language
(-) rom rom 7 Romany language
sq sqi/alb sqi 4 Albanian language
sc srd srd 4 Sardinian language
sw swa swa 2 Swahili language
(-) syr syr 2 Syriac language
(-) tmh tmh 4 Tuareg languages
uz uzb uzb 2 Uzbek language
yi yid yid 2 Yiddish language
(-) zap zap 57 + retired 1 Zapotec language
za zha zha 16 + retired 2 Zhuang languages
zh zho/chi zho 14 Chinese language
(-) zza zza 2 Zaza language

List of macrolanguages and the individual languages

aaa–ezz

aka


aka
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Akan. Its ISO 639-1 code is ak. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. fatFanti

  2. twiTwi

ara


ara
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Arabic language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ar. There are 30 individual language codes assigned.


  1. aaoAlgerian Saharan Arabic

  2. abhTajiki Arabic

  3. abvBaharna Arabic

  4. acmMesopotamian Arabic

  5. acqTa'izzi-Adeni Arabic

  6. acwHijazi Arabic

  7. acxOmani Arabic

  8. acyCypriot Arabic

  9. adfDhofari Arabic

  10. aebTunisian Arabic

  11. aecSaidi Arabic

  12. afbGulf Arabic

  13. ajpSouth Levantine Arabic

  14. apcNorth Levantine Arabic

  15. apdSudanese Arabic

  16. arbStandard Arabic

  17. arqAlgerian Arabic

  18. arsNajdi Arabic

  19. aryMoroccan Arabic

  20. arzEgyptian Arabic

  21. auzUzbeki Arabic

  22. avlEastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic

  23. ayhHadrami Arabic

  24. aylLibyan Arabic

  25. aynSanaani Arabic

  26. aypNorth Mesopotamian Arabic

  27. bbzBabalia Creole Arabic

  28. pgaSudanese Creole Arabic

  29. shuChadian Arabic

  30. sshShihhi Arabic

aym


aym
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Aymara. Its ISO 639-1 code is ay. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ayrCentral Aymara

  2. aycSouthern Aymara

aze


aze
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Azerbaijani. Its ISO 639-1 code is az. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. azjNorth Azerbaijani

  2. azbSouth Azerbaijani

bal


bal
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Baluchi. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bgpEastern Balochi

  2. bccSouthern Balochi

  3. bgnWestern Balochi

bik


bik
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bikol. There are 8 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bclCentral Bicolano

  2. btoIriga Bicolano

  3. ctsNorthern Catanduanes Bicolano

  4. bln – Southern Catanduanes Bicolano

  5. fbl - West Albay Bikol

  6. lbl - Libon Bikol

  7. rbl - Miraya Bikol

  8. ubl - Buhi'non Bikol

bnc


bnc
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bontok. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ebk - Eastern Bontok

  2. lbk - Central Bontok

  3. obk - Southern Bontok

  4. rbk - Northern Bontok

  5. vbk - Southwestern Bontok

bua


bua
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Buriat. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bxu – China Buriat

  2. bxm – Mongolia Buriat

  3. bxrRussia Buriat

chm


chm
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mari, a language located in Russia. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. mhrEastern Mari

  2. mrjWestern Mari

cre


cre
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Cree. Its ISO 639-1 code is cr. There are 6 individual language codes assigned:


  1. crmMoose Cree

  2. crlNorthern East Cree

  3. crkPlains Cree

  4. crjSouthern East Cree

  5. cswSwampy Cree

  6. cwdWoods Cree

In addition, there are 6 closely associated individual codes.


  1. nskNaskapi (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

  2. moeMontagnais (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

  3. atjAtikamekw (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

  4. crgMichif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

  5. ojsOjibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern) (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

  6. ojwOjibwa, Western (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there is 1 other language without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

  1. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)

del


del
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Delaware. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. umuMunsee

  2. unmUnami

den


den
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Slave. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. scsNorth Slavey

  2. xslSouth Slavey

din


din
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dinka. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


  1. dip - Northeastern Dinka

  2. diw - Northwestern Dinka

  3. dib - South Central Dinka

  4. dks - Southeastern Dinka

  5. dik - Southwestern Dinka

doi


doi
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dogri. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. dgoDogri (individual language)

  2. xnrKangri

est


est
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian. Its ISO 639-1 code is et. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ekkEstonian (Standard Estonian)

  2. vroVõro

faa–jzz

fas


fas
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Persian. Its ISO 639-1 code is fa. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. prsDari Persian

  2. pesWestern Persian

ful


ful
is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for Fulah (also spelled Fula). Its ISO 639-1 code is ff. There are 9 individual language codes assigned for varieties of Fulah:


  1. fub – Adamawa Fulfulde

  2. fui – Bagirmi Fulfulde

  3. fue – Borgu Fulfulde

  4. fuq – Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde

  5. ffmMaasina Fulfulde

  6. fuv – Nigerian Fulfulde

  7. fucPulaar

  8. fufPular

  9. fuhWestern Niger Fulfulde

gba


gba
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gbaya located in the Central African Republic. There are 6-7 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bdt – Bokoto

  2. gbp – Gbaya-Bossangoa

  3. gbq – Gbaya-Bozoum

  4. gmm – Gbaya-Mbodomo

  5. gya – Northwest Gbaya

  6. mdo – Southwest Gbaya (Retired 2008-01-14)

  7. gso – Southwest Gbaya

gon


gon
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gondi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. gno – Northern Gondi

  2. ggo – Southern Gondi

grb


grb
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Grebo. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


  1. gry – Barclayville Grebo

  2. grv – Central Grebo

  3. gec – Gboloo Grebo

  4. gbo – Northern Grebo

  5. grjSouthern Grebo

grn


grn
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Guarani. Its ISO 639-1 code is gn. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


  1. nhdChiripá

  2. guiEastern Bolivian Guaraní

  3. gunMbyá Guaraní

  4. gugParaguayan Guaraní

  5. gnwWestern Bolivian Guaraní

hai


hai
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Haida. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. hdn – Northern Haida

  2. hax – Southern Haida

hbs


hbs
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Serbo-Croatian. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bosBosnian

  2. hrvCroatian

  3. srpSerbian

hmn


hmn
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Hmong. As of Feb. 2007, 24 individual language codes are included:


  1. hmc – Central Huishui Hmong

  2. hmm – Central Mashan Hmong

  3. cqdChuanqiandian Cluster Miao

  4. hme – Eastern Huishui Hmong

  5. hmq – Eastern Qiandong Hmong

  6. muq – Eastern Xiangxi Hmong

  7. hmjGejia

  8. mwwHmong Daw

  9. hnjHmong Njua

  10. hrmHorned Miao

  11. hmdLarge Flowery Miao

  12. hmlLuopohe Hmong

  13. huj – Northern Guiyang Hmong

  14. hmi – Northern Huishui Hmong

  15. hmp – Northern Mashan Hmong

  16. hea – Northern Qiandong Miao

  17. sfmSmall Flowery Miao

  18. hmy – Southern Guiyang Hmong

  19. hma – Southern Mashan Hmong

  20. hms – Southern Qiandong Miao

  21. hmg – Southwestern Guiyang Hmong

  22. hmh – Southwestern Huishui Hmong

  23. hmw – Western Mashan Hmong

  24. mmr – Western Xiangxi Miao

iku


iku
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inuktitut. Its ISO 639-1 code is iu. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ikeEastern Canadian Inuktitut

  2. iktWestern Canadian Inuktitut

ipk


ipk
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inupiaq. Its ISO 639-1 code is ik. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. esiNorth Alaskan Inupiatun

  2. eskNorthwest Alaska Inupiatun

jrb


jrb
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Judeo-Arabic. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


  1. yhdJudeo-Iraqi Arabic

  2. ajuJudeo-Moroccan Arabic

  3. yudJudeo-Tripolitanian Arabic

  4. ajtJudeo-Tunisian Arabic

  5. jyeJudeo-Yemeni Arabic

kaa–ozz

kau


kau
is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for the Kanuri language. Its ISO 639-1 code is kr. There are 3 individual language codes assigned in ISO 639-3 for varieties of Kanuri:


  1. knc – Central Kanuri

  2. kby – Manga Kanuri

  3. krt – Tumari Kanuri

There are 2 other related languages that are not considered part of the macrolanguage under ISO 639:


  1. bms – Bilma Kanuri

  2. kblKanembu

kln


kln
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kalenjin language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 9 individual language codes assigned:


  1. eyoKeiyo

  2. sgcKipsigis

  3. enbMarkweeta

  4. niqNandi

  5. okiOkiek

  6. pkoPökoot

  7. spySabaot

  8. tecTerik

  9. tuyTugen

kok


kok
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Konkani macrolanguage. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. gomGoan Konkani (has official recognition as an independent language)

  2. knnMaharashtrian Konkani (no official recognition, treated by some linguists as a dialect of Marathi)

Both languages are referred to as Konkani by their respective speakers.

kom


kom
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Komi. Its ISO 639-1 code is kv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. koiKomi-Permyak

  2. kpvKomi-Zyrian

kon


kon
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kongo. Its ISO 639-1 code is kg. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


  1. kng – Koongo

  2. ldi – Laari

  3. kwy – San Salvador Kongo

kpe


kpe
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kpelle language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. gkpGuinea Kpelle

  2. xpeLiberia Kpelle

kur


kur
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kurdish. Its ISO 639-1 code is ku. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ckbCentral Kurdish

  2. kmrNorthern Kurdish

  3. sdhSouthern Kurdish

lah


lah
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Lahnda language. There are 8 individual language codes assigned.


  1. jat – Jakati

  2. xheKhetrani

  3. pmuMirpur Panjabi

  4. hno – Northern Hindko

  5. phr – Pahari-Potwari

  6. skrSaraiki

  7. hnd – Southern Hindko

  8. pnbWestern Panjabi

Note that lah does not include Panjabi/Punjabi (pan).

lav


lav
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Latvian. Its ISO 639-1 code is lv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ltg - Latgalian

  2. lvs - Standard Latvian

luy


luy
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Luhya language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 14 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bxkBukusu

  2. nleEast Nyala

  3. idaIdakho (Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki)

  4. lkbKabras

  5. lkoKhayo

  6. lksKisa

  7. ragLogooli

  8. lriMarachi

  9. lrmMarama

  10. nydNyore

  11. lsmSaamia

  12. ltsTachoni

  13. ltoTsotso

  14. lwgWanga

man


man
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mandingo language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.


  1. emkEastern Maninkakan

  2. myq – Forest Maninka

  3. mwkKita Maninkakan

  4. mku – Konyanka Maninka

  5. mnkMandinka

  6. msc – Sankaran Maninka

  7. mlqWestern Maninkakan

mlg


mlg
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malagasy. Its ISO 639-1 code is mg. There are 11-12 individual language codes assigned:


  1. xmv – Antankarana Malagasy

  2. bhrBara Malagasy

  3. msh – Masikoro Malagasy

  4. bmm – Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy

  5. plt – Plateau Malagasy

  6. skg – Sakalava Malagasy

  7. bjq – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy (Retired 2011-05-18)

  8. bzc – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy

  9. tkg – Tesaka Malagasy

  10. tdx – Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy

  11. txy – Tanosy Malagasy

  12. xmw – Tsimihety Malagasy

mon


mon
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mongolian. Its ISO 639-1 code is mn. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. khk – Halh Mongolian

  2. mvf – Peripheral Mongolian

msa


msa
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malay. Its ISO 639-1 code is ms. There are 13 individual language codes assigned:


  1. btjBacanese Malay

  2. bveBerau Malay

  3. bvuBukit Malay

  4. coaCocos Islands Malay

  5. jaxJambi Malay

  6. meoKedah Malay

  7. mqgKota Bangun Kutai Malay

  8. mlyMalay (specific)

  9. xmmManado Malay

  10. maxNorth Moluccan Malay

  11. mfaPattani Malay

  12. msiSabah Malay

  13. vktTenggarong Kutai Malay

mwr


mwr
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Marwari language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.


  1. dhdDhundari

  2. rwr – Marwari (India)

  3. mve – Marwari (Pakistan)

  4. wry – Merwari

  5. mtrMewari

  6. swvShekhawati

nor


nor
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Norwegian. Its ISO 639-1 code is no. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. nobNorwegian Bokmål

  2. nnoNorwegian Nynorsk

oji


oji
is the ISO 639-3 language code for the Anishinaabe languages, commonly called the Ojibwe language group. Its ISO 639-1 code is oj. There are 7 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ciwChippewa (Ojibwa, Southwestern)

  2. ojbOjibwa, Northwestern

  3. ojcOjibwa, Central

  4. ojgOjibwa, Mississaga (Ojibwa, Eastern)

  5. ojsOjibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern)

  6. ojwOjibwa, Western

  7. otwOttawa

In addition, there are 3 closely associated individual codes.


  1. alqAlgonquin language (part of the Ojibwe language group but not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

  2. potPotawatomi language (formerly part of the Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

  3. crgMichif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there are 2 other languages without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

  1. Broken Ojibwa (pidgin language used until the end of the 19th century)
  2. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)
See also

orm


orm
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Oromo language. Its ISO 639-1 code is om. There are 4 individual language codes assigned:


  1. gaxBorana-Arsi-Guji Oromo

  2. haeEastern Oromo

  3. orcOrma

  4. gazWest Central Oromo

paa–zzz

pus


pus
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Pushto language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ps. There are 3 individual language codes assigned.


  1. pstCentral Pashto

  2. pbuNorthern Pashto

  3. pbtSouthern Pashto

que


que
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Quechua languages. Its ISO 639-1 code is qu. As of April 2007 there are 44 individual language codes assigned for Quechua varieties.


  1. qvaAmbo-Pasco Quechua

  2. qxuArequipa-La Unión Quechua

  3. quyAyacucho Quechua

  4. qvcCajamarca Quechua

  5. qvlCajatambo North Lima Quechua

  6. qudCalderón Highland Quichua

  7. qxr – Cañar Highland Quichua

  8. qukChachapoyas Quechua

  9. cquChilean Quechua

  10. qug – Chimborazo Highland Quichua

  11. qxcChincha Quechua

  12. qxaChiquián Ancash Quechua

  13. qwcClassical Quechua

  14. qwa – Corongo Ancash Quechua

  15. quzCusco Quechua

  16. qveEastern Apurímac Quechua

  17. qubHuallaga Huánuco Quechua

  18. qvh – Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua

  19. qwh – Huaylas Ancash Quechua

  20. qvwHuaylla Wanca Quechua

  21. qviImbabura Highland Quichua

  22. qxwJauja Wanca Quechua

  23. qufLambayeque Quechua

  24. qvj – Loja Highland Quichua

  25. qvmMargos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua

  26. qvoNapo Lowland Quechua

  27. qulNorth Bolivian Quechua

  28. qvnNorth Junín Quechua

  29. qxn – Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua

  30. qvzNorthern Pastaza Quechua

  31. qvpPacaraos Quechua

  32. qxhPanao Huánuco Quechua

  33. qxpPuno Quechua

  34. qxlSalasaca Highland Quichua

  35. qvsSan Martín Quechua

  36. qxtSanta Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua

  37. qusSantiago del Estero Quichua

  38. qws – Sihuas Ancash Quechua

  39. quhSouth Bolivian Quechua

  40. qxo – Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua

  41. qupSouthern Pastaza Quechua

  42. quw – Tena Lowland Quichua

  43. qur – Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua

  44. quxYauyos Quechua

raj


raj
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Rajasthani language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.


  1. bgqBagri

  2. gda – Gade Lohar

  3. gjuGujari

  4. hoj – Hadothi

  5. mupMalvi

  6. wbrWagdi

rom


rom
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Romany language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.


  1. rmn – Balkan Romani

  2. rmlBaltic Romani

  3. rmcCarpathian Romani

  4. rmf – Kalo Finnish Romani

  5. rmoSinte Romani

  6. rmyVlax Romani

  7. rmwWelsh Romani

In addition, there are 8 individual codes not part of this macrolanguage but they are categorized as mixed languages.


  1. rgeRomano-Greek

  2. rmdTraveller Danish

  3. rmeAngloromani

  4. rmgTraveller Norwegian

  5. rmiLomavren

  6. rmrCaló

  7. rmuTavringer Romani

  8. rsb – Romano-Serbian

In addition, there is a language without an individual code assigned, which it is not part of this macrolanguage.

  1. Erromintxela (Basque-Romani mix)

sqi


sqi
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Albanian. Its ISO 639-1 code is sq. As of June 2006 there are 4 individual language codes assigned for Albanian languages:


  1. aaeArbëreshë Albanian

  2. aatArvanitika Albanian

  3. alnGheg Albanian

  4. alsTosk Albanian

srd


srd
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Sardinian language. Its ISO 639-1 code is sc. There are 4 individual language codes assigned.


  1. sroCampidanese

  2. sdnGallurese

  3. srcLogudorese

  4. sdcSassarese

swa


swa
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Swahili. Its ISO 639-1 code is sw. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. swcCongo Swahili

  2. swhSwahili

syr


syr
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Syriac language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. aiiAssyrian Neo-Aramaic

  2. cldChaldean Neo-Aramaic

tmh


tmh
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Tamashek language. There are 4 individual language codes assigned.


  1. thvTahaggart Tamahaq

  2. taqTamasheq

  3. ttqTawallammat Tamajaq

  4. thzTayart Tamajeq

uzb


uzb
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Uzbek language. Its ISO 639-1 code is uz. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. uznNorthern Uzbek language

  2. uzsSouthern Uzbek language

yid


yid
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Yiddish language. Its ISO 639-1 code is yi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. yddEastern Yiddish

  2. yihWestern Yiddish

zap


zap
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zapotec language. There are 57 individual language codes assigned.


  1. zaqAloápam Zapotec

  2. zpoAmatlán Zapotec

  3. zooAsunción Mixtepec Zapotec

  4. zafAyoquesco Zapotec

  5. zadCajonos Zapotec

  6. zpvChichicapan Zapotec

  7. zpcChoapan Zapotec

  8. zcaCoatecas Altas Zapotec

  9. zpsCoatlán Zapotec

  10. zppEl Alto Zapotec

  11. zteElotepec Zapotec

  12. zpgGuevea de Humboldt Zapotec

  13. ztuGüilá Zapotec

  14. zaiIsthmus Zapotec

  15. zpaLachiguiri Zapotec

  16. zplLachixío Zapotec

  17. ztlLapaguía-Guivini Zapotec

  18. ztpLoxicha Zapotec

  19. zpyMazaltepec Zapotec

  20. zamMiahuatlán Zapotec

  21. zawMitla Zapotec

  22. zpmMixtepec Zapotec

  23. zacOcotlán Zapotec

  24. zaoOzolotepec Zapotec

  25. zpePetapa Zapotec

  26. zpjQuiavicuzas Zapotec

  27. ztqQuioquitani-Quierí Zapotec

  28. zarRincón Zapotec

  29. ztmSan Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec

  30. zpxSan Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec

  31. zabSan Juan Guelavía Zapotec

  32. zpfSan Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec

  33. zptSan Vicente Coatlán Zapotec

  34. ztnSanta Catarina Albarradas Zapotec

  35. zpnSanta Inés Yatzechi Zapotec

  36. zpiSanta María Quiegolani Zapotec

  37. zprSantiago Xanica Zapotec

  38. zasSanto Domingo Albarradas Zapotec

  39. zaaSierra de Juárez Zapotec

  40. zpdSoutheastern Ixtlán Zapotec

  41. zsrSouthern Rincon Zapotec

  42. zatTabaa Zapotec

  43. zttTejalapan Zapotec

  44. zpzTexmelucan Zapotec

  45. ztsTilquiapan Zapotec

  46. zpkTlacolulita Zapotec

  47. zphTotomachapan Zapotec

  48. zaxXadani Zapotec

  49. ztgXanaguía Zapotec

  50. zpuYalálag Zapotec

  51. zaeYareni Zapotec

  52. ztyYatee Zapotec

  53. zavYatzachi Zapotec

  54. zpbYautepec Zapotec

  55. ztxZaachila Zapotec

  56. zpwZaniza Zapotec

  57. zpqZoogocho Zapotec

In addition, there is an individual code not part of this macrolanguage because it is categorized as a historical language.


  1. xzp – Ancient Zapotec

zha


zha
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zhuang languages. Its ISO 639-1 code is za. There are 16 individual language codes assigned.


  1. zch – Central Hongshuihe Zhuang

  2. zhdDai Zhuang

  3. zehEastern Hongshuihe Zhuang

  4. zgb – Guibei Zhuang

  5. zgnGuibian Zhuang

  6. zln – Lianshan Zhuang

  7. zlj – Liujiang Zhuang

  8. zlq – Liuqian Zhuang

  9. zgmMinz Zhuang

  10. zhnNong Zhuang

  11. zqeQiubei Zhuang

  12. zygYang Zhuang

  13. zybYongbei Zhuang

  14. zynYongnan Zhuang

  15. zyjYoujiang Zhuang

  16. zzjZuojiang Zhuang

zho


zho
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Chinese. Its ISO 639-1 code is zh. There are 13 individual language codes assigned, some with their own dialects:


  1. cdoMin Dong

  2. cjyJin

  3. cmnMandarin

  4. cpxPuxian Min

  5. czhHuizhou

  6. czoMin Zhong

  7. ganGan

  8. hakHakka

  9. hsnXiang

  10. mnpMin Bei

  11. nanMin Nan

  12. wuuWu

  13. yueYue (Cantonese)

Although the Dungan language (
dng) is considered most closely related to Mandarin, it is not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 due to separate historical and cultural development.[6]

ISO 639 also lists codes for Old Chinese (
och) and Late Middle Chinese (
ltc). They are not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 because they are categorized as ancient and historical languages, respectively.

See also

zza


zza
is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zaza language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. diqDimli

  2. kiuKirmanjki

See also

References

  1. "Scope of denotation for language identifiers". SIL International.
  2. Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). Ethnologue. Dallas: SIL International.
  3. "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: ara". SIL International.
  4. "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: arb". SIL International.
  5. ISO 639-2/RA Change Notice
    ISO
    639-1
    Code
    ISO
    639-2
    Code
    English
    name of
    Language
    French
    name of
    Language
    Date
    Added or
    Changed
    Category
    of Change
    Notes
    [-sh] (none) Serbo-Croatian serbo-croate 2000-02-18 Dep This code was deprecated in 2000 because there were separate language codes for each individual language represented (Serbian, Croatian, and then Bosnian was added). It was published in a revision of ISO 639-1, but was never included in ISO 639-2. It is considered a macrolanguage (general name for a cluster of closely related individual languages) in ISO 639-3. Its deprecated status was reaffirmed by the ISO 639 JAC in 2005.
    sr srp [scc] Serbian serbe 2008-06-28 CC ISO 639-2/B code deprecated in favor of ISO 639-2/T code
    hr hrv [scr] Croatian croate 2008-06-28 CC ISO 639-2/B code deprecated in favor of ISO 639-2/T code
  6. Rimsky-Korsakoff, Svetlana (1967). "Soviet Dungan: The Chinese language of Central Asia. Alphabet, phonology, morphology.". Monumenta Serica 26: 352–421.

External links

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