ISO 639 macrolanguage

"Macrolanguage" redirects here. For macro languages in computer science, see Macro (computer science).

ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. In defining some of its language codes, some are classified as macrolanguages, which include other individual languages in the standard. This category exists to assist mapping between another set of languages codes, ISO 639-2, and ISO 639-3. ISO 639-3 is curated by SIL International, ISO 639-2 is curated by the Library of Congress (USA).

The mapping often has the implication that it covers borderline cases where two language varieties may be considered strongly divergent dialects of the same language or very closely related languages (dialect continuums). It may also encompass situations when there are language varieties that are sometimes considered to be varieties of the same language and sometimes different languages for ethnic or political rather than linguistic reasons. However, this is not its primary function and the classification is not evenly applied. For example, "Chinese" is a macrolanguage encompassing many languages that are not mutually intelligible, but the languages "Standard German", "Bavarian German", and other closely related languages do not form a macrolanguage despite being more mutually intelligible. Other examples include Tajiki not being part of the Persian macrolanguage despite sharing much lexicon, and Urdu and Hindi not forming a macrolanguage. Basically, ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 use different criteria for dividing language varieties into languages, 639-2 uses shared writing systems and literature more whereas 639-3 focuses on mutual intelligibility and shared lexicon. The macrolanguages exist within the ISO 639-3 code set to make mapping between the two sets easier.

There are fifty-six language codes in ISO 639-2 that are considered to be macrolanguages in ISO 639-3.[1] The use of this category of macrolanguage was applied in Ethnologue, starting in the 16th edition.[2]

Some of the macrolanguages had no individual language (as defined by 639-3) in ISO 639-2, e.g. "ara" (Arabic), but ISO 639-3 recognizes different varieties of Arabic as separate languages under some circumstances. Others, like "nor" (Norwegian) had their two individual parts (nno Nynorsk, nob Bokmål) already in 639-2. That means some languages (e.g. "arb" Standard Arabic) that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ("ara") are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves. This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as forms of the same language, e.g. in cases of diglossia. For example,

ISO 639-2 also includes codes for collections of languages; these are not the same as macrolanguages. These collections of languages are excluded from ISO 639-3, because they never refer to individual languages. Most such codes are included in ISO 639-5.

Types of macrolanguages

List of macrolanguages

This list only includes official data from http://www.sil.org/iso639-3.

ISO 639-1 ISO 639-2 ISO 639-3 Number of individual languages Name of macrolanguage
ak aka aka 2 Akan language
ar ara ara 30 Arabic language
ay aym aym 2 Aymara language
az aze aze 2 Azerbaijani language
(-) bal bal 3 Baluchi language
(-) bik bik 8 + retired 1 Bikol language
(-) (-) bnc 5 Bontok language
(-) bua bua 3 Buriat language
(-) chm chm 2 Mari language (Russia)
cr cre cre 6 Cree language
(-) del del 2 Delaware language
(-) den den 2 Slave language (Athapascan)
(-) din din 5 Dinka language
(-) doi doi 2 Dogri language
et est est 2 Estonian language
fa fas/per fas 2 Persian language
ff ful ful 9 Fulah language
(-) gba gba 6 + retired 1 Gbaya language (Central African Republic)
(-) gon gon 2 Gondi language
(-) grb grb 5 Grebo language
gn grn grn 5 Guaraní language
(-) hai hai 2 Haida language
(-)[5] (-) hbs 3 Serbo-Croatian
(-) hmn hmn 25 + retired 1 Hmong language
iu iku iku 2 Inuktitut language
ik ipk ipk 2 Inupiaq language
(-) jrb jrb 5 Judeo-Arabic languages
kr kau kau 3 Kanuri language
(-) (-) kln 9 Kalenjin languages
(-) kok kok 2 Konkani language
kv kom kom 2 Komi language
kg kon kon 3 Kongo language
(-) kpe kpe 2 Kpelle language
ku kur kur 3 Kurdish language
(-) lah lah 7 + retired 1 Lahnda language
lv lav lav 2 Latvian language
(-) (-) luy 14 Luyia language
(-) man man 6 + retired 1 Manding languages
mg mlg mlg 11 + retired 1 Malagasy language
mn mon mon 2 Mongolian language
ms msa/may msa 36 + retired 1 Malay language
(-) mwr mwr 6 Marwari language
ne nep nep 2 Nepali language
no nor nor 2 Norwegian language
oj oji oji 7 Ojibwa language
or ori ori 2 Oriya language
om orm orm 4 Oromo language
ps pus pus 3 Pashto language
qu que que 44 Quechua language
(-) raj raj 6 Rajasthani language
(-) rom rom 7 Romany language
sq sqi/alb sqi 4 Albanian language
sc srd srd 4 Sardinian language
sw swa swa 2 Swahili language
(-) syr syr 2 Syriac language
(-) tmh tmh 4 Tuareg languages
uz uzb uzb 2 Uzbek language
yi yid yid 2 Yiddish language
(-) zap zap 57 + retired 1 Zapotec language
za zha zha 16 + retired 2 Zhuang languages
zh zho/chi zho 14 Chinese language
(-) zza zza 2 Zaza language

List of macrolanguages and the individual languages

aaa–ezz

aka


aka is the ISO 639-3 language code for Akan. Its ISO 639-1 code is ak. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. fat – Fanti

  2. twi – Twi

ara


ara is the ISO 639-3 language code for Arabic language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ar. There are 30 individual language codes assigned.


  1. aao – Algerian Saharan Arabic

  2. abh – Tajiki Arabic

  3. abv – Baharna Arabic

  4. acm – Mesopotamian Arabic

  5. acq – Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic

  6. acw – Hijazi Arabic

  7. acx – Omani Arabic

  8. acy – Cypriot Arabic

  9. adf – Dhofari Arabic

  10. aeb – Tunisian Arabic

  11. aec – Saidi Arabic

  12. afb – Gulf Arabic

  13. ajp – South Levantine Arabic

  14. apc – North Levantine Arabic

  15. apd – Sudanese Arabic

  16. arb – Standard Arabic

  17. arq – Algerian Arabic

  18. ars – Najdi Arabic

  19. ary – Moroccan Arabic

  20. arz – Egyptian Arabic

  21. auz – Uzbeki Arabic

  22. avl – Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic

  23. ayh – Hadrami Arabic

  24. ayl – Libyan Arabic

  25. ayn – Sanaani Arabic

  26. ayp – North Mesopotamian Arabic

  27. bbz – Babalia Creole Arabic

  28. pga – Sudanese Creole Arabic

  29. shu – Chadian Arabic

  30. ssh – Shihhi Arabic

aym


aym is the ISO 639-3 language code for Aymara. Its ISO 639-1 code is ay. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ayr – Central Aymara

  2. ayc – Southern Aymara

aze


aze is the ISO 639-3 language code for Azerbaijani. Its ISO 639-1 code is az. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. azj – North Azerbaijani

  2. azb – South Azerbaijani

bal


bal is the ISO 639-3 language code for Baluchi. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bgp – Eastern Balochi

  2. bcc – Southern Balochi

  3. bgn – Western Balochi

bik


bik is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bikol. There are 8 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bcl – Central Bicolano

  2. bto – Iriga Bicolano

  3. cts – Northern Catanduanes Bicolano

  4. bln – Southern Catanduanes Bicolano

  5. fbl - West Albay Bikol

  6. lbl - Libon Bikol

  7. rbl - Miraya Bikol

  8. ubl - Buhi'non Bikol

bnc


bnc is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bontok. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ebk - Eastern Bontok

  2. lbk - Central Bontok

  3. obk - Southern Bontok

  4. rbk - Northern Bontok

  5. vbk - Southwestern Bontok

bua


bua is the ISO 639-3 language code for Buriat. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bxu – China Buriat

  2. bxm – Mongolia Buriat

  3. bxr – Russia Buriat

chm


chm is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mari, a language located in Russia. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. mhr – Eastern Mari

  2. mrj – Western Mari

cre


cre is the ISO 639-3 language code for Cree. Its ISO 639-1 code is cr. There are 6 individual language codes assigned:


  1. crm – Moose Cree

  2. crl – Northern East Cree

  3. crk – Plains Cree

  4. crj – Southern East Cree

  5. csw – Swampy Cree

  6. cwd – Woods Cree

In addition, there are 6 closely associated individual codes.


  1. nsk – Naskapi (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

  2. moe – Montagnais (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

  3. atj – Atikamekw (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

  4. crg – Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

  5. ojs – Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern) (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

  6. ojw – Ojibwa, Western (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there is 1 other language without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

  1. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)

del


del is the ISO 639-3 language code for Delaware. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. umu – Munsee

  2. unm – Unami

den


den is the ISO 639-3 language code for Slave. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. scs – North Slavey

  2. xsl – South Slavey

din


din is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dinka. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


  1. dip - Northeastern Dinka

  2. diw - Northwestern Dinka

  3. dib - South Central Dinka

  4. dks - Southeastern Dinka

  5. dik - Southwestern Dinka

doi


doi is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dogri. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. dgo – Dogri (individual language)

  2. xnr – Kangri

est


est is the ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian. Its ISO 639-1 code is et. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ekk – Estonian (Standard Estonian)

  2. vro – Võro

faa–jzz

fas


fas is the ISO 639-3 language code for Persian. Its ISO 639-1 code is fa. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. prs – Dari Persian

  2. pes – Western Persian

ful


ful is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for Fulah (also spelled Fula). Its ISO 639-1 code is ff. There are 9 individual language codes assigned for varieties of Fulah:


  1. fub – Adamawa Fulfulde

  2. fui – Bagirmi Fulfulde

  3. fue – Borgu Fulfulde

  4. fuq – Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde

  5. ffm – Maasina Fulfulde

  6. fuv – Nigerian Fulfulde

  7. fuc – Pulaar

  8. fuf – Pular

  9. fuh – Western Niger Fulfulde

gba


gba is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gbaya located in the Central African Republic. There are 6-7 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bdt – Bokoto

  2. gbp – Gbaya-Bossangoa

  3. gbq – Gbaya-Bozoum

  4. gmm – Gbaya-Mbodomo

  5. gya – Northwest Gbaya

  6. mdo – Southwest Gbaya (Retired 2008-01-14)

  7. gso – Southwest Gbaya

gon


gon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gondi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. gno – Northern Gondi

  2. ggo – Southern Gondi

grb


grb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Grebo. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


  1. gry – Barclayville Grebo

  2. grv – Central Grebo

  3. gec – Gboloo Grebo

  4. gbo – Northern Grebo

  5. grj – Southern Grebo

grn


grn is the ISO 639-3 language code for Guarani. Its ISO 639-1 code is gn. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


  1. nhd – Chiripá

  2. gui – Eastern Bolivian Guaraní

  3. gun – Mbyá Guaraní

  4. gug – Paraguayan Guaraní

  5. gnw – Western Bolivian Guaraní

hai


hai is the ISO 639-3 language code for Haida. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. hdn – Northern Haida

  2. hax – Southern Haida

hbs


hbs is the ISO 639-3 language code for Serbo-Croatian. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bos – Bosnian

  2. hrv – Croatian

  3. srp – Serbian

hmn


hmn is the ISO 639-3 language code for Hmong. As of Feb. 2007, 24 individual language codes are included:


  1. hmc – Central Huishui Hmong

  2. hmm – Central Mashan Hmong

  3. cqd – Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao

  4. hme – Eastern Huishui Hmong

  5. hmq – Eastern Qiandong Hmong

  6. muq – Eastern Xiangxi Hmong

  7. hmj – Gejia

  8. mww – Hmong Daw

  9. hnj – Hmong Njua

  10. hrm – Horned Miao

  11. hmd – Large Flowery Miao

  12. hml – Luopohe Hmong

  13. huj – Northern Guiyang Hmong

  14. hmi – Northern Huishui Hmong

  15. hmp – Northern Mashan Hmong

  16. hea – Northern Qiandong Miao

  17. sfm – Small Flowery Miao

  18. hmy – Southern Guiyang Hmong

  19. hma – Southern Mashan Hmong

  20. hms – Southern Qiandong Miao

  21. hmg – Southwestern Guiyang Hmong

  22. hmh – Southwestern Huishui Hmong

  23. hmw – Western Mashan Hmong

  24. mmr – Western Xiangxi Miao

iku


iku is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inuktitut. Its ISO 639-1 code is iu. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ike – Eastern Canadian Inuktitut

  2. ikt – Western Canadian Inuktitut

ipk


ipk is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inupiaq. Its ISO 639-1 code is ik. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. esi – North Alaskan Inupiatun

  2. esk – Northwest Alaska Inupiatun

jrb


jrb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Judeo-Arabic. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


  1. yhd – Judeo-Iraqi Arabic

  2. aju – Judeo-Moroccan Arabic

  3. yud – Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic

  4. ajt – Judeo-Tunisian Arabic

  5. jye – Judeo-Yemeni Arabic

kaa–ozz

kau


kau is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for the Kanuri language. Its ISO 639-1 code is kr. There are 3 individual language codes assigned in ISO 639-3 for varieties of Kanuri:


  1. knc – Central Kanuri

  2. kby – Manga Kanuri

  3. krt – Tumari Kanuri

There are 2 other related languages that are not considered part of the macrolanguage under ISO 639:


  1. bms – Bilma Kanuri

  2. kbl – Kanembu

kln


kln is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kalenjin language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 9 individual language codes assigned:


  1. eyo – Keiyo

  2. sgc – Kipsigis

  3. enb – Markweeta

  4. niq – Nandi

  5. oki – Okiek

  6. pko – Pökoot

  7. spy – Sabaot

  8. tec – Terik

  9. tuy – Tugen

kok


kok is the ISO 639-3 language code for Konkani macrolanguage. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. gom – Goan Konkani (has official recognition as an independent language)

  2. knn – Maharashtrian Konkani (no official recognition, treated by some linguists as a dialect of Marathi)

Both languages are referred to as Konkani by their respective speakers.

kom


kom is the ISO 639-3 language code for Komi. Its ISO 639-1 code is kv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. koi – Komi-Permyak

  2. kpv – Komi-Zyrian

kon


kon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kongo. Its ISO 639-1 code is kg. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


  1. kng – Koongo

  2. ldi – Laari

  3. kwy – San Salvador Kongo

kpe


kpe is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kpelle language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. gkp – Guinea Kpelle

  2. xpe – Liberia Kpelle

kur


kur is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kurdish. Its ISO 639-1 code is ku. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ckb – Central Kurdish

  2. kmr – Northern Kurdish

  3. sdh – Southern Kurdish

lah


lah is the ISO 639-3 language code for Lahnda language. There are 8 individual language codes assigned.


  1. jat – Jakati

  2. xhe – Khetrani

  3. pmu – Mirpur Panjabi

  4. hno – Northern Hindko

  5. phr – Pahari-Potwari

  6. skr – Saraiki

  7. hnd – Southern Hindko

  8. pnb – Western Panjabi

Note that lah does not include Panjabi/Punjabi (pan).

lav


lav is the ISO 639-3 language code for Latvian. Its ISO 639-1 code is lv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ltg - Latgalian

  2. lvs - Standard Latvian

luy


luy is the ISO 639-3 language code for Luhya language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 14 individual language codes assigned:


  1. bxk – Bukusu

  2. nle – East Nyala

  3. ida – Idakho (Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki)

  4. lkb – Kabras

  5. lko – Khayo

  6. lks – Kisa

  7. rag – Logooli

  8. lri – Marachi

  9. lrm – Marama

  10. nyd – Nyore

  11. lsm – Saamia

  12. lts – Tachoni

  13. lto – Tsotso

  14. lwg – Wanga

man


man is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mandingo language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.


  1. emk – Eastern Maninkakan

  2. myq – Forest Maninka

  3. mwk – Kita Maninkakan

  4. mku – Konyanka Maninka

  5. mnk – Mandinka

  6. msc – Sankaran Maninka

  7. mlq – Western Maninkakan

mlg


mlg is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malagasy. Its ISO 639-1 code is mg. There are 11-12 individual language codes assigned:


  1. xmv – Antankarana Malagasy

  2. bhr – Bara Malagasy

  3. msh – Masikoro Malagasy

  4. bmm – Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy

  5. plt – Plateau Malagasy

  6. skg – Sakalava Malagasy

  7. bjq – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy (Retired 2011-05-18)

  8. bzc – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy

  9. tkg – Tesaka Malagasy

  10. tdx – Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy

  11. txy – Tanosy Malagasy

  12. xmw – Tsimihety Malagasy

mon


mon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mongolian. Its ISO 639-1 code is mn. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. khk – Halh Mongolian

  2. mvf – Peripheral Mongolian

msa


msa is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malay. Its ISO 639-1 code is ms. There are 13 individual language codes assigned:


  1. btj – Bacanese Malay

  2. bve – Berau Malay

  3. bvu – Bukit Malay

  4. coa – Cocos Islands Malay

  5. jax – Jambi Malay

  6. meo – Kedah Malay

  7. mqg – Kota Bangun Kutai Malay

  8. mly – Malay (specific)

  9. xmm – Manado Malay

  10. max – North Moluccan Malay

  11. mfa – Pattani Malay

  12. msi – Sabah Malay

  13. vkt – Tenggarong Kutai Malay

mwr


mwr is the ISO 639-3 language code for Marwari language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.


  1. dhd – Dhundari

  2. rwr – Marwari (India)

  3. mve – Marwari (Pakistan)

  4. wry – Merwari

  5. mtr – Mewari

  6. swv – Shekhawati

nor


nor is the ISO 639-3 language code for Norwegian. Its ISO 639-1 code is no. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. nob – Norwegian Bokmål

  2. nno – Norwegian Nynorsk

oji


oji is the ISO 639-3 language code for the Anishinaabe languages, commonly called the Ojibwe language group. Its ISO 639-1 code is oj. There are 7 individual language codes assigned:


  1. ciw – Chippewa (Ojibwa, Southwestern)

  2. ojb – Ojibwa, Northwestern

  3. ojc – Ojibwa, Central

  4. ojg – Ojibwa, Mississaga (Ojibwa, Eastern)

  5. ojs – Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern)

  6. ojw – Ojibwa, Western

  7. otw – Ottawa

In addition, there are 3 closely associated individual codes.


  1. alq – Algonquin language (part of the Ojibwe language group but not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

  2. pot – Potawatomi language (formerly part of the Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

  3. crg – Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there are 2 other languages without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

  1. Broken Ojibwa (pidgin language used until the end of the 19th century)
  2. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)
See also

orm


orm is the ISO 639-3 language code for Oromo language. Its ISO 639-1 code is om. There are 4 individual language codes assigned:


  1. gax – Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo

  2. hae – Eastern Oromo

  3. orc – Orma

  4. gaz – West Central Oromo

paa–zzz

pus


pus is the ISO 639-3 language code for Pushto language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ps. There are 3 individual language codes assigned.


  1. pst – Central Pashto

  2. pbu – Northern Pashto

  3. pbt – Southern Pashto

que


que is the ISO 639-3 language code for Quechua languages. Its ISO 639-1 code is qu. As of April 2007 there are 44 individual language codes assigned for Quechua varieties.


  1. qva – Ambo-Pasco Quechua

  2. qxu – Arequipa-La Unión Quechua

  3. quy – Ayacucho Quechua

  4. qvc – Cajamarca Quechua

  5. qvl – Cajatambo North Lima Quechua

  6. qud – Calderón Highland Quichua

  7. qxr – Cañar Highland Quichua

  8. quk – Chachapoyas Quechua

  9. cqu – Chilean Quechua

  10. qug – Chimborazo Highland Quichua

  11. qxc – Chincha Quechua

  12. qxa – Chiquián Ancash Quechua

  13. qwc – Classical Quechua

  14. qwa – Corongo Ancash Quechua

  15. quz – Cusco Quechua

  16. qve – Eastern Apurímac Quechua

  17. qub – Huallaga Huánuco Quechua

  18. qvh – Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua

  19. qwh – Huaylas Ancash Quechua

  20. qvw – Huaylla Wanca Quechua

  21. qvi – Imbabura Highland Quichua

  22. qxw – Jauja Wanca Quechua

  23. quf – Lambayeque Quechua

  24. qvj – Loja Highland Quichua

  25. qvm – Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua

  26. qvo – Napo Lowland Quechua

  27. qul – North Bolivian Quechua

  28. qvn – North Junín Quechua

  29. qxn – Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua

  30. qvz – Northern Pastaza Quechua

  31. qvp – Pacaraos Quechua

  32. qxh – Panao Huánuco Quechua

  33. qxp – Puno Quechua

  34. qxl – Salasaca Highland Quichua

  35. qvs – San Martín Quechua

  36. qxt – Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua

  37. qus – Santiago del Estero Quichua

  38. qws – Sihuas Ancash Quechua

  39. quh – South Bolivian Quechua

  40. qxo – Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua

  41. qup – Southern Pastaza Quechua

  42. quw – Tena Lowland Quichua

  43. qur – Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua

  44. qux – Yauyos Quechua

raj


raj is the ISO 639-3 language code for Rajasthani language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.


  1. bgq – Bagri

  2. gda – Gade Lohar

  3. gju – Gujari

  4. hoj – Hadothi

  5. mup – Malvi

  6. wbr – Wagdi

rom


rom is the ISO 639-3 language code for Romany language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.


  1. rmn – Balkan Romani

  2. rml – Baltic Romani

  3. rmc – Carpathian Romani

  4. rmf – Kalo Finnish Romani

  5. rmo – Sinte Romani

  6. rmy – Vlax Romani

  7. rmw – Welsh Romani

In addition, there are 8 individual codes not part of this macrolanguage but they are categorized as mixed languages.


  1. rge – Romano-Greek

  2. rmd – Traveller Danish

  3. rme – Angloromani

  4. rmg – Traveller Norwegian

  5. rmi – Lomavren

  6. rmr – Caló

  7. rmu – Tavringer Romani

  8. rsb – Romano-Serbian

In addition, there is a language without an individual code assigned, which it is not part of this macrolanguage.

  1. Erromintxela (Basque-Romani mix)

sqi


sqi is the ISO 639-3 language code for Albanian. Its ISO 639-1 code is sq. As of June 2006 there are 4 individual language codes assigned for Albanian languages:


  1. aae – Arbëreshë Albanian

  2. aat – Arvanitika Albanian

  3. aln – Gheg Albanian

  4. als – Tosk Albanian

srd


srd is the ISO 639-3 language code for Sardinian language. Its ISO 639-1 code is sc. There are 4 individual language codes assigned.


  1. sro – Campidanese

  2. sdn – Gallurese

  3. src – Logudorese

  4. sdc – Sassarese

swa


swa is the ISO 639-3 language code for Swahili. Its ISO 639-1 code is sw. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


  1. swc – Congo Swahili

  2. swh – Swahili

syr


syr is the ISO 639-3 language code for Syriac language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. aii – Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

  2. cld – Chaldean Neo-Aramaic

tmh


tmh is the ISO 639-3 language code for Tamashek language. There are 4 individual language codes assigned.


  1. thv – Tahaggart Tamahaq

  2. taq – Tamasheq

  3. ttq – Tawallammat Tamajaq

  4. thz – Tayart Tamajeq

uzb


uzb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Uzbek language. Its ISO 639-1 code is uz. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. uzn – Northern Uzbek language

  2. uzs – Southern Uzbek language

yid


yid is the ISO 639-3 language code for Yiddish language. Its ISO 639-1 code is yi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. ydd – Eastern Yiddish

  2. yih – Western Yiddish

zap


zap is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zapotec language. There are 57 individual language codes assigned.


  1. zaq – Aloápam Zapotec

  2. zpo – Amatlán Zapotec

  3. zoo – Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec

  4. zaf – Ayoquesco Zapotec

  5. zad – Cajonos Zapotec

  6. zpv – Chichicapan Zapotec

  7. zpc – Choapan Zapotec

  8. zca – Coatecas Altas Zapotec

  9. zps – Coatlán Zapotec

  10. zpp – El Alto Zapotec

  11. zte – Elotepec Zapotec

  12. zpg – Guevea de Humboldt Zapotec

  13. ztu – Güilá Zapotec

  14. zai – Isthmus Zapotec

  15. zpa – Lachiguiri Zapotec

  16. zpl – Lachixío Zapotec

  17. ztl – Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec

  18. ztp – Loxicha Zapotec

  19. zpy – Mazaltepec Zapotec

  20. zam – Miahuatlán Zapotec

  21. zaw – Mitla Zapotec

  22. zpm – Mixtepec Zapotec

  23. zac – Ocotlán Zapotec

  24. zao – Ozolotepec Zapotec

  25. zpe – Petapa Zapotec

  26. zpj – Quiavicuzas Zapotec

  27. ztq – Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec

  28. zar – Rincón Zapotec

  29. ztm – San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec

  30. zpx – San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec

  31. zab – San Juan Guelavía Zapotec

  32. zpf – San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec

  33. zpt – San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec

  34. ztn – Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec

  35. zpn – Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec

  36. zpi – Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec

  37. zpr – Santiago Xanica Zapotec

  38. zas – Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec

  39. zaa – Sierra de Juárez Zapotec

  40. zpd – Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec

  41. zsr – Southern Rincon Zapotec

  42. zat – Tabaa Zapotec

  43. ztt – Tejalapan Zapotec

  44. zpz – Texmelucan Zapotec

  45. zts – Tilquiapan Zapotec

  46. zpk – Tlacolulita Zapotec

  47. zph – Totomachapan Zapotec

  48. zax – Xadani Zapotec

  49. ztg – Xanaguía Zapotec

  50. zpu – Yalálag Zapotec

  51. zae – Yareni Zapotec

  52. zty – Yatee Zapotec

  53. zav – Yatzachi Zapotec

  54. zpb – Yautepec Zapotec

  55. ztx – Zaachila Zapotec

  56. zpw – Zaniza Zapotec

  57. zpq – Zoogocho Zapotec

In addition, there is an individual code not part of this macrolanguage because it is categorized as a historical language.


  1. xzp – Ancient Zapotec

zha


zha is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zhuang languages. Its ISO 639-1 code is za. There are 16 individual language codes assigned.


  1. zch – Central Hongshuihe Zhuang

  2. zhd – Dai Zhuang

  3. zeh – Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang

  4. zgb – Guibei Zhuang

  5. zgn – Guibian Zhuang

  6. zln – Lianshan Zhuang

  7. zlj – Liujiang Zhuang

  8. zlq – Liuqian Zhuang

  9. zgm – Minz Zhuang

  10. zhn – Nong Zhuang

  11. zqe – Qiubei Zhuang

  12. zyg – Yang Zhuang

  13. zyb – Yongbei Zhuang

  14. zyn – Yongnan Zhuang

  15. zyj – Youjiang Zhuang

  16. zzj – Zuojiang Zhuang

zho


zho is the ISO 639-3 language code for Chinese. Its ISO 639-1 code is zh. There are 13 individual language codes assigned, some with their own dialects:


  1. cdo – Min Dong

  2. cjy – Jin

  3. cmn – Mandarin

  4. cpx – Puxian Min

  5. czh – Huizhou

  6. czo – Min Zhong

  7. gan – Gan

  8. hak – Hakka

  9. hsn – Xiang

  10. mnp – Min Bei

  11. nan – Min Nan

  12. wuu – Wu

  13. yue – Yue (Cantonese)

Although the Dungan language (
dng) is considered most closely related to Mandarin, it is not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 due to separate historical and cultural development.[6]

ISO 639 also lists codes for Old Chinese (
och) and Late Middle Chinese (
ltc). They are not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 because they are categorized as ancient and historical languages, respectively.

See also

zza


zza is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zaza language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


  1. diq – Dimli

  2. kiu – Kirmanjki

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Scope of denotation for language identifiers". SIL International.
  2. ↑ Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). Ethnologue. Dallas: SIL International.
  3. ↑ "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: ara". SIL International.
  4. ↑ "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: arb". SIL International.
  5. ↑
    ISO 639-2/RA Change Notice
    ISO
    639-1
    Code    		 ISO
    639-2
    Code    		 English
    name of
    Language    		 French
    name of
    Language    		 Date
    Added or
    Changed    		 Category
    of Change    		 Notes
    [-sh] (none) Serbo-Croatian serbo-croate 2000-02-18 Dep This code was deprecated in 2000 because there were separate language codes for each individual language represented (Serbian, Croatian, and then Bosnian was added). It was published in a revision of ISO 639-1, but was never included in ISO 639-2. It is considered a macrolanguage (general name for a cluster of closely related individual languages) in ISO 639-3. Its deprecated status was reaffirmed by the ISO 639 JAC in 2005.
    sr srp [scc] Serbian serbe 2008-06-28 CC ISO 639-2/B code deprecated in favor of ISO 639-2/T code
    hr hrv [scr] Croatian croate 2008-06-28 CC ISO 639-2/B code deprecated in favor of ISO 639-2/T code
  6. ↑ Rimsky-Korsakoff, Svetlana (1967). "Soviet Dungan: The Chinese language of Central Asia. Alphabet, phonology, morphology.". Monumenta Serica 26: 352–421.

External links

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