Ubay, Bohol

Ubay
Municipality
Downtown Ubay
Seal
Motto: Onward Ubay
Map of Bohol with Ubay highlighted
Ubay Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: PH 10°03′N 124°28′E / 10.05°N 124.47°ECoordinates: PH 10°03′N 124°28′E / 10.05°N 124.47°E
Country	Philippines
Region	Central Visayas (Region VII)
Province	Bohol
District	2nd District of Bohol
Founded Established	15 January 1844 5 October 1877
Barangay	44 (see § Barangays)
Government [1]
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
• Mayor	Galicano Atup (LP)
• Vice mayor	Nelson Uy
• Town Council	Members Efren Tanjay Constancio Atuel Clarita Alesna Isidore Besas Victor Bonghanoy Sabiniano Atupan Allan Abad Eustaquio Bacolod Violeta Reyes ^‡ Commission on Elections ‡ ex officio ABC president
Area [2]
• Total	335.06 km^2 (129.37 sq mi)
Population (2010 census)[3]
• Total	68,578
• Density	200/km^2 (530/sq mi)
• Voter  (2013) [4]	40,211
Demonym(s)	Ubayanon Ubayano
Time zone	PST (UTC+8)
ZIP code	6315
IDD : area code	+63 (0)38
Income class	1st class
PSGC	071246000

Ubay is a first income class municipality in the province of Bohol, Philippines.^[2] Ubay is in the northeast of the province, and has an area of 335 square kilometres (129 sq mi), with 61 kilometres (38 mi) of coastline.^[2] According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 68,578, making Ubay the largest and most populated municipality in Bohol.^[3] In the 2013 election, it had 40,211 registered voters.^[4]

Ubay celebrates its town fiesta every 29 January in honor of the patron saint (Holy Infant).

Etymology

One etymology derivation is that the town's name is a contraction of the term ubay-ubay, meaning "alongside".^[5]

According to Kaufmann's 1934 Visayan-English Dictionary,^[6] the Visayan word "ubay" means:

1. to accompany other in bed or along the side, be they persons or animals;
2. the flow or rivers and streams. from one place to another.

The flow of seawater between the mainland and the island of Lapinig Grande (now Pres. C.P. Garcia town) could justify the second definition of Ubay. It is a situation that is permanent and the constant reference to the flow of water can make the term ubay be attached as the name of the place.

An alternative derivation is that the term 'ubay-ubay' or 'alongside' became the byword of seafarers who used to travel close to the shorelines of Ubay to avoid the strong current of the Canigao Channel. There was a single path to follow reach the island trading centres. This trail was located alongside (ubay) the sandy beach. Later on the term Ubay became the original name of the community.

History

Before the Spanish regime, Ubay was part of Talibon. On January 15, 1844, it separated from Talibon to become an independent municipality.^[5]

The religious aspect of the town was established much later than the civil aspect of the town. The decree of the Spanish Governor General creating Ubay as a town in the religious aspect is dated October 22, 1877. However, Royal Order No. 695 issued by the Kingdom of Spain has the date October 5, 1877.

Geography

The town is situated east of Trinidad, north of Alicia and Mabini, and northeast of San Miguel. It is 124 kilometres (77 mi) northeast of Tagbilaran, 636 kilometres (395 mi) southeast of Manila and 71 kilometres (44 mi) east of Cebu City.

Climate

Ubay Average annual temperature in Ubay is 27·2°C Humidity 75–85%
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     191     30 22     111     30 22     94     31 23     58     32 23     106     33 24     154     32 24     210     32 24     159     32 24     186     32 24     204     31 23     222     31 23     192     30 23 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm Source: Climate: Ubay
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     7.5     86 72     4.4     86 72     3.7     88 73     2.3     89 74     4.2     91 75     6.1     90 74     8.3     89 75     6.3     89 75     7.3     89 74     8     89 74     8.7     88 74     7.6     87 73 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches

The climate is typically equatorial – temperature range over the year is less than three degrees Celsius (5.4 deg F), and annual rainfall exceeds 1,500 millimetres (59 in). The dry season starts in February and lasts through April sometimes extending to mid‑May. The climate in Ubay falls within Coronas climate type IV, characterised by not very pronounced maximum rainfall with a short dry season from one to three months and a wet season of nine to ten months.^[7]

Ubay has a tropical climate. Most months of the year are marked by significant precipitation, making agriculture favorable – it supports at least two rice crops per year. The short dry season has little impact. Ubay is classified as Am (Tropical monsoon climate) by Köppen–Geiger climate classification system.

Demographics

Population census of Ubay
Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1903 7,355 —     1918 8,255 +0.77% 1939 21,213 +4.60% 1948 29,961 +3.91% 1960 34,090 +1.08% 1970 32,717 −0.41% 1975 34,195 +0.89%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1980 38,289 +2.29% 1990 48,902 +2.48% 1995 50,745 +0.70% 2000 59,827 +3.59% 2007 65,900 +1.34% 2010 68,578 +1.46%
Source: National Statistics Office[3][8][9]

When the first national census was held in 1903, the municipality had a population 7,355. It continued to grow until 1960 with 34090 (annual growth rate of 2.73% over the period). The population markedly decreased in 1970 with the creation of the municipality of Pres. C.P. Garcia, formerly a constituent barangay. Since 1970, average annual growth rate (1970-2010) is 1.87%.

The primary language is Cebuano: Filipino and English are understood to a limited degree.

In the 2013 election, it had 40,211 registered voters, meaning that 59% of the population are aged 18 and over.^[4]

Barangays

Poblacion

Ubay comprises 44 barangays organized into eight urban districts:

Barangay		Population 2007 [8]	Population 2010 [3]	±% p.a.	Land Area[9]	Pop. density	District	Date of Fiesta
PSGC	Name
071246001	Achila	1,246	1,276	0.80%	3.84 km^2 1.48 sq mi	332/km^2 860/sq mi	IV	January 15
071246002	Bay-ang	1,626	1,656	0.61%	6.32 km^2 2.44 sq mi	262/km^2 680/sq mi	III	May 21
071246005	Benliw	2,006	2,223	3.48%	5.89 km^2 2.27 sq mi	377/km^2 980/sq mi	VII	May 13
071246004	Biabas	2,207	2,573	5.25%	22.00 km^2 8.49 sq mi	117/km^2 300/sq mi	VIII	May 17
071246007	Bongbong	779	807	1.18%	1.61 km^2 0.62 sq mi	501/km^2 1,300/sq mi	II	December 8
071246008	Bood	2,397	2,717	4.27%	1.52 km^2 0.59 sq mi	1,788/km^2 4,630/sq mi	V	January 16
071246009	Buenavista	711	688	−1.09%	6.51 km^2 2.51 sq mi	106/km^2 270/sq mi	I	Last Saturday of April 25 Apr 2015 30 Apr 2016 29 Apr 2017
071246055	Bulilis	1,705	1,711	0.12%	7.40 km^2 2.86 sq mi	231/km^2 600/sq mi	II	December 8
071246011	Cagting	1,853	1,597	−4.84%	10.44 km^2 4.03 sq mi	153/km^2 400/sq mi	VII	January 24
071246027	Calanggaman	1,590	1,623	0.69%	6.18 km^2 2.39 sq mi	263/km^2 680/sq mi	III	December 8
071246056	California	713	801	3.96%	3.19 km^2 1.23 sq mi	251/km^2 650/sq mi	II	May 13
071246012	Camali-an	528	581	3.24%	5.32 km^2 2.05 sq mi	109/km^2 280/sq mi	III	November 26
071246013	Camambugan	2,048	2,251	3.20%	5.47 km^2 2.11 sq mi	412/km^2 1,070/sq mi	IV	May 15
071246015	Casate	2,710	2,512	−2.50%	4.60 km^2 1.78 sq mi	546/km^2 1,410/sq mi	IV	April 5
071246017	Cuya	469	516	3.23%	0.66 km^2 0.25 sq mi	782/km^2 2,030/sq mi	VIII	February 6
071246018	Fatima	3,056	3,235	1.92%	0.75 km^2 0.29 sq mi	4,313/km^2 11,170/sq mi	V	May 13
071246019	Gabi	1,303	1,378	1.88%	16.46 km^2 6.36 sq mi	84/km^2 220/sq mi	II	December 9
071246020	Governor Boyles	784	888	4.24%	8.24 km^2 3.18 sq mi	108/km^2 280/sq mi	I	May 15
071246021	Guintabo-an	625	686	3.15%	0.66 km^2 0.25 sq mi	1,039/km^2 2,690/sq mi	VIII	January 15
071246022	Hambabauran	962	1,106	4.76%	5.21 km^2 2.01 sq mi	212/km^2 550/sq mi	III	January 15
071246023	Humayhumay	1,765	1,708	−1.09%	8.15 km^2 3.15 sq mi	210/km^2 540/sq mi	IV	February 14
071246024	Ilihan	843	802	−1.65%	6.83 km^2 2.64 sq mi	117/km^2 300/sq mi	I	May 15
071246025	Imelda	1,895	1,761	−2.41%	6.57 km^2 2.54 sq mi	268/km^2 690/sq mi	VII	May 8 & November 27
071246026	Juagdan	1,106	1,121	0.45%	1.31 km^2 0.51 sq mi	856/km^2 2,220/sq mi	VII	May 23
071246016	Katarungan	1,294	1,524	5.60%	4.09 km^2 1.58 sq mi	373/km^2 970/sq mi	V	May 30
071246031	Lomangog	2,033	2,025	−0.13%	6.42 km^2 2.48 sq mi	315/km^2 820/sq mi	II	January 15
071246030	Los Angeles	397	436	3.17%	2.74 km^2 1.06 sq mi	159/km^2 410/sq mi	II	April 27
071246032	Pag-asa	1,081	1,168	2.61%	3.78 km^2 1.46 sq mi	309/km^2 800/sq mi	III	December 8
071246033	Pangpang	1,038	1,220	5.53%	4.50 km^2 1.74 sq mi	271/km^2 700/sq mi	IV	December 15
071246034	Poblacion	3,698	3,633	−0.59%	1.99 km^2 0.77 sq mi	1,826/km^2 4,730/sq mi	V	Last Friday of January 30 Jan 2015 29 Jan 2016 27 Jan 2017
071246037	San Francisco	1,497	1,677	3.86%	11.07 km^2 4.27 sq mi	151/km^2 390/sq mi	I	June 26
071246038	San Isidro	583	707	6.64%	2.62 km^2 1.01 sq mi	270/km^2 700/sq mi	VI	May 21
071246040	San Pascual	3,088	3,127	0.42%	9.73 km^2 3.76 sq mi	321/km^2 830/sq mi	I	Last Saturday of April 25 Apr 2015 30 Apr 2016 29 Apr 2017
071246041	San Vicente	962	1,074	3.74%	9.66 km^2 3.73 sq mi	111/km^2 290/sq mi	VIII	April 5
071246043	Sentinela	936	969	1.16%	2.71 km^2 1.05 sq mi	358/km^2 930/sq mi	VI	May 29
071246044	Sinandigan	1,923	1,874	−0.86%	6.07 km^2 2.34 sq mi	309/km^2 800/sq mi	VII	December 8
071246045	Tapal	1,212	1,371	4.19%	2.90 km^2 1.12 sq mi	473/km^2 1,230/sq mi	VI	May 3
071246046	Tapon	2,514	2,481	−0.44%	1.53 km^2 0.59 sq mi	1,622/km^2 4,200/sq mi	V	June 29
071246047	Tintinan	580	623	2.41%	0.31 km^2 0.12 sq mi	2,010/km^2 5,200/sq mi	VIII	September 29
071246048	Tipolo	2,208	2,456	3.61%	6.55 km^2 2.53 sq mi	375/km^2 970/sq mi	VI	April 5
071246049	Tubog	868	885	0.65%	5.14 km^2 1.98 sq mi	172/km^2 450/sq mi	III	May 16
071246050	Tuboran	1,135	1,372	6.53%	5.47 km^2 2.11 sq mi	251/km^2 650/sq mi	IV	January 15
071246052	Union	2,412	2,332	−1.12%	5.14 km^2 1.98 sq mi	454/km^2 1,180/sq mi	VI	January 15
071246054	Villa Teresita	1,514	1,407	−2.41%	2.62 km^2 1.01 sq mi	537/km^2 1,390/sq mi	I	November 28

Economy

Public market

Commerce and trade

Ubay has a number of business establishments mostly small-scale commercial trading firms engaged in retail and wholesale. A new public market building was completed recently. The regular market day is Monday and local traders from neighboring towns come to sell their merchandise consisting mostly of agricultural products and small consumer items like used clothes, household utensils and other products. Ubay also provides a market for the neighboring island municipality of Pres. Carlos P. Garcia.

Transport

The most common form of local transportation is the tricycle for nearer barangays. For far barangays, the motorcycle is the most common. All barangays are connected by roads and the only places without roads are the steep slopes of the central mountains.

The improvement of the Bohol circumferential road and the port facilities helped Ubay to become the trading and transportation hub of northeastern Bohol, connecting it to the neighboring island of Leyte and the rest of Bohol province. Passenger and cargo traffic to these destinations has noticeably increased over the years indicating an increasing volume of trade between these points.

Land transportation is provided by various short and long-distance buses, jeeps and vans, connecting Ubay to the rest of the towns in the province. Tagbilaran can be reached from Ubay in two to three hours by bus or van. There are also daily combined road/ferry services to Metro Manila (Pasay City / Cubao, Quezon City).

Ubay seaport is considered the province's principal gateway to Leyte, and Samar.^[10] Its improved port area is linked to the major port destinations of neighboring provinces such as Bato and Hilongos in Leyte, Maasin City in Southern Leyte, and Cebu City, the regional capital.^[11] Four vessels travels to and from Cebu City daily,^[10] and routes to and from Bato, Hilongos and Maasin City are also served daily. The journey time for each destination is 4–5 hours.^[12]

Ubay Airport

Ubay is home to one of only two airports in Bohol (the other being Tagbilaran Airport), but Ubay Airport is completely undeveloped and has no scheduled service, nor any facilities. The runway is only about 400 metres (1,310 ft) but couldn't extend at the southwestern end becomes it is close to hills, and the northeastern end reaches housing and the sea.

Tourism and culture

Roman Catholic Church, Poblacion

Ubay's point of interests, destinations, and attractions include:

• Ubay Stock Farm (USF): Started in 1921 and occupying 4,500 hectares (11,120 acres), it is the largest and oldest government livestock facility in the Philippines. The place was chosen as one of the accredited livestock technology training facilities for Visayas and Mindanao. It is located in Lomangog.^[13]
• Bohol Experimental Station: The Integrated Agricultural Research Center of Department of Agriculture in Central Visayas PhilRice's national lead agency for the planning, coordination, implementation, and monitoring of all rice research and development activities in the Philippines. It is located in Gabi.
• Capayas Dam (or Kapayas)(sometimes known as Banana Dam): One of the largest dams in the province and located alongside the main Ubay—Alicia—Guindulman highway. The southern end is in Lumangog, the remainder in Imelda. Completed in December 1991, it irrigates 750 hectares (1,900 acres) and serves 688 farm households. In 2011, the Department of Agriculture seeded the dam with 30,000 tilapia fingerlings, as part of their sustainable food security program.^[14]
• Ubay Agri-Park: The first of its kind in the Visayan region was recently launched to boost the agriculture and tourism industries in the area. A 100-hectare (250-acre) area situated along the national highway in Lomangog, Ubay Agri-Park helps to promote agri-tourism or "farm tourism," and is a showcase of Bohol's advances in farm technology.
• Sinandigan Multi-Species Hatchery: It is the biggest multi-species hatchery farm in the Philippines.^[15] A fishery infrastructure and mariculture park established to enable the fish farmers to become totally independent from wild stocks and to promote a more stable food security for the province. The facility is producing fingerlings of various fisheries products such as, but not limited to, milkfish (bangus), groupers (lapulapu), and siganids (kitong, danggit). It also houses a seaweed tissue culture laboratory which aims to rehabilitate quality seagrass planting materials using tissue branch culture, spore shredding and callus cell culture. It is supervised by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and inaugurated in April 2011.^[16]
• The Gaviola Ancestral House: Located at Poblacion near the church plaza, this Filipino-Spanish house was the residence of Don Ruperto Gaviola (former mayor of Ubay). The two-storey house has a traditional cut stone ground and a wooden painted ceiling made by Cebuano artist Ray Francia.^[17][18]

Delicacies

• Ube Calamay: It is a purple rice cake, (Calamay) with Ube. This sweet and delightful delicacy is said to be originated from this town because of its large plantations of Ube (purple yam).
• Fried Ube bread: Another mouthwatering delicacy made of ube. It is bread deep‑fried then filled with purple yam.

Ubay-ubay Festival

Like the Sinulog of Cebu, the Ubay-ubay Festival is the town's own version in celebration and honor of the patron saint, Sr. Santo Niño. This colorful and fascinating festivity is a well-attended event where devotees and tourists flock the town's major roads and venues to view the exciting grand street parade and the festival dance-competition. This celebration often held between 28 and 30 January, every year.^[19]

Local government

Ubay Municipal Hall

Ubay is governed by the municipal mayor as head of the municipality. The vice mayor is the next highest position and acts as the presiding officer of municipal council.

List of former Chief Executives of Ubay

Term	Title	Name
1844	Gobernadorcillo	Toribio Reyes
1912 – 1924	Presidente Municipal	Ruperto Gaviola
1925 – 1930	Presidente Municipal	Jose Garces
1931 – 1935	Presidente Municipal	Carlos Boiser
1936 – 1940	Presidente Municipal	Ruperto Gaviola
1941 – 1942	Presidente Municipal	Lucio Cutanda
1942 – 1943	Military Mayor	Samson Sabalones
1944 – 1945	Military Mayor	Frank Lombardo
1946 – 1948	Municipal Mayor	Lucio Cutanda
1949 –	OIC Municipal Mayor	Marcelo Cuyno
1949 – 1952	Municipal Mayor	Lucio Cutanda
1953 – 1964	Municipal Mayor	Ricardo Boyles
1965 – 1968	Municipal Mayor	Sabiniano Cuyno
1969 – 1978	Municipal Mayor	Rufina Delima
1979 – 1980	OIC Municipal Mayor	Eutiquio Bernales[20]
1981 – 1984	Municipal Mayor	Eutiquio Bernales
1985 – 1986	OIC Municipal Mayor	Pedro Sarabosing
1986 – 1987	OIC Municipal Mayor	Agapito Valleser
1987 – 1992	Municipal Mayor	Eliseo Boyles[21]
1992 – 1998	Municipal Mayor	Eutiquio Bernales
1998 – 2004	Municipal Mayor	Manuel Alesna
2004 – 2013	Municipal Mayor	Eutiquio Bernales
2013 – present	Municipal Mayor	Galicano Atup

Infrastructure

Health

For health services, the town has two public health units staffed by doctors, nurses, midwives, dentists, medical technologists and sanitary inspectors. A small government hospital was established to provide outpatient services to local residents. A private 15-bed hospital (in Fatima) also provides services for emergencies. A pediatrics and OB-gynae clinic complements the health services available in town.

Barangay Health Workers (BHW) from each barangay provide direct health care assistance to barangay residents.

Public order and safety

The local police force is 37 police officers. Police–population ratio is 1:1,853, less favourable than the standard ratio of 1:1,000. The police are augmented by 492 Barangay Tanod volunteers. It is reported that crime rate in Ubay is relatively low. The local Fire Department is staffed by eight fire fighters with two fire trucks. Incidence of fires is reportedly low in the municipality.

Utilities

Bohol was linked to the major source of geothermal power in Leyte through the underwater connection between Maasin City, Southern Leyte and Ubay. Presently, only three of the 44 barangays have no electricity, yet only 34.97 percent of the total households in the municipality have electricity compared to the province, which was 58.3 percent energized in 2000.

The town proper and seven other barangays was served by the Ubay Water and Sanitation Cooperative. The cooperative planned to expand their service to eight other barangays in the near future. Due to consumer demand and the limited size of the supply, water service became difficult during dry months. Bohol province reported that 23.71 percent of its households had their own faucets from a community system while Ubay reported only 8.97 percent.

For the province, 21.68 percent of households had access to shared faucets while Ubay only had 8.86 percent. In Ubay, slightly more than half (51.83%) of the households had access to dug wells.

Education

Elementary schools

There are 44 public elementary schools in the municipality – one in each barangay except Cuya, and one on Tres Reyes island.^[22]

There are 7 private elementary schools.^[23]

Secondary and high schools

There are 16 public and private secondary and high schools in the municipality.^[24]

Higher education

To meet the increasing demands Bohol Northeastern College was founded in 1996 by Ubayano political leaders, Erico B. Aumentado and former governor David B. Tirol. The name was changed to Bohol Northern Star Colleges in January 2007.

Notable Ubayanos

• Eutiquio Boyles - who served as the fifth provincial governor of Bohol from October 16, 1916 - October 15, 1919. Barangay Governor Boyles was named after him.^[25]
• Erico B. Aumentado - the only Bohol governor who served three consecutive terms (2001–2010), former deputy speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives, former congressman of Bohol's 2nd District, former provincial vice-governor and Board Member.^[26]

References

1. "Municipality". Quezon City, Philippines: Department of the Interior and Local Government. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
2. "Municipal: Ubay, Bohol". PSA. Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
3. "Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010" (PDF). 2010 Census of Population and Housing. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
4. "2013 National and Local Elections Statistics" (PDF). Commission on Elections. 2015.
5. "Municipality of Balilihan". Province of Bohol. Retrieved 2012-09-10.
6. Kaufmann 1934.
7. Coronas 1920.
8. "Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality: Central Visayas: 1995, 2000 and 2007" (PDF). National Statistics Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2011.
9. Saz 2007.
10. "Ubay Seaport". Bohol-Philippines.com. February 1, 2014. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
11. Bohol Standard 2010.
12. "The Southern Leyte Connection". Leyte-Divers.com. February 1, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
13. "Ubay Stock Farm". Cebu Daily News. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
14. Espinola & Maghirang 2014.
15. "DA, BFAR as partners for Bohol’s self-sufficiency". EDCom Bohol. April 21, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
16. "Sinandigan Multi-Species Hatchery". Bohol Sunday Post. April 24, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
17. Akpenodu & Saloma 2011.
18. "Gaviola Ancestral House". GV Hotel. January 1, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
19. "Ubay Annual Town Fiesta". Ubay LGU. January 1, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
20. "Eutiquio M. Bernales". Bohol Choice Cuts. 2004-07-04. Retrieved 2013-12-21.
21. Boysillo, Florencio (October 1990). "The Province of Bohol". Ubay Past and Present 47: 11.
22. "List of Public Schools in Bohol 2nd District" (Spreadsheet). DepEd Bohol. Retrieved 21 Oct 2012.
23. "List and Status of Private Schools as of January 22, 2015" (PDF). Deped - Central Visayas. January 31, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
24. "List of Public Schools in Bohol 2nd District". DepEd Bohol. Retrieved 21 Oct 2012.
25. "Bohol Governors, Past and Present". Province of Bohol. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
26. "A Legacy of Life and Work". Bohol Chronicle. Retrieved 2013-12-25.

Sources

• Akpenodu, Erik; Saloma, Czarina (2011). Casa Boholana: Vintage Houses of Bohol. Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 978-9715506182.

• Bohol Standard (4 July 2010). "Ubay port offers a better life for many Boholanos". Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

• Coronas, José (1920). The Climate and Weather of the Philippines, 1903 – 1918. Manila Observatory: Bureau of Philippines.

• Espinola, Manny; Maghirang, Antonio (2014). Ave, Jon P.; Rodriguez, Ces, eds. "NIA at 50 : A Legacy of Serving Filipino Farmers" (PDF). Photography Raneil Ibay; Graphic Artists: Mario Sta. Maria, Shannon Olaguer; Research Assistants: Jun Danganan, CJ Brillantes. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-9719596202.

• Kaufmann, J. (1934). Visayan-English Dictionary. Iloilo.

• Saz, Efren B. (2007). A comprehensive assessment of the agricultural extension system in the Philippines: case study of LGU extension in Ubay, Bohol (PDF). Philippine Institute for Development Studies, University of Leyte. Retrieved 24 January 2015.

External links

• Municipality of Ubay official site
• Municipality of Ubay, Bohol