German submarine U-450
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| History | |
|---|---|
 Nazi Germany
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| Name: | U-450 |
| Ordered: | 21 November 1940[1] |
| Builder: | Schichau-Werke, Danzig[1] |
| Laid down: | 22 July 1941[1] |
| Launched: | 4 July 1942[1] |
| Commissioned: | 12 September 1942[1] |
| Fate: | Sunk 10 March 1944 in the western Mediterranean Sea south of Ostia[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class & type: | Type VIIC submarine |
| Displacement: |
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| Length: |
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| Beam: |
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| Height: | 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in) |
| Draught: | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
| Installed power: |
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| Propulsion: |
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| Test depth: |
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| Complement: | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
| Armament: |
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The German submarine U-450 was a Type VIIC U-boat in the service of Nazi Germany during World War II.
Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-450 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.[2] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[2]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).[2] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-450 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[2]
Service history
The submarine was laid down in July 1941 in Danzig, Germany (now Poland). She was launched in July 1942 and commissioned in September that year.[1] During her career with the Kriegsmarine, U-450 never sank any ships.[3]
Patrols
On 27 May 1943, three days after she was redesignated from a training vessel to a front-line service boat,[1] U-450 set out for her first patrol from Kiel, the home base of the 9th U-boat Flotilla under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Kurt Böhme. As the boat surfaced off the coast of Iceland on 6 June, she came under attack from a British B-17 Flying Fortress squadron, which wounded seven men. 16 days later, (with assistance from other boats due to the damage caused by the attack), she arrived at Brest in France. The patrol lasted 27 days, the longest of her career.[4]
On 17 October 1943, U-450 left Brest for Toulon. She arrived at the port city 23 days later.[5]
On 10 February 1944, ten days after a fire in her engine room had swept one man overboard and forced her to return to base,[1] U-450 left Toulon for the Italian coast, presumably to attack support ships coming to reinforce Allied troops which had just landed at Anzio.[6]
Fate
In March 1944, exactly one month later, she came under depth charge attack by the British escort destroyers HMS Blankney, HMS Blencathra, HMS Brecon and HMS Exmoor and the American escort destroyer USS Madison. The submarine sank, at position 41°11′N 12°27′E / 41.183°N 12.450°ECoordinates: 41°11′N 12°27′E / 41.183°N 12.450°E, but all 42 crew members were rescued by the destroyers and became prisoners of war.[1]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-450". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 Gröner 1991, pp. 43-46.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-450". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-450 (First patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-450 (Second patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-450 (Third patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
Bibliography
- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German) IV (Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler). ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel (London: Conway Maritime Press). ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
External links
Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-450". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 December 2014.