German submarine U-616
| History | |
|---|---|
 Nazi Germany
| |
| Name: | U-616 |
| Ordered: | 15 August 1940 |
| Builder: | Blohm & Voss, Hamburg |
| Yard number: | 592 |
| Laid down: | 20 May 1941 |
| Launched: | 8 February 1942 |
| Commissioned: | 2 April 1942 |
| Fate: | Sunk 17 May 1944 in the Mediterranean in position 36°46′N 00°52′E / 36.767°N 0.867°E, by depth charges from USS Nields, USS Gleaves, USS Ellyson, USS Macomb, USS Hambleton, USS Rodman, USS Emmons and a RAF Wellington bomber. |
| General characteristics | |
| Class & type: | Type VIIC submarine |
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| Draught: | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
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| Complement: | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
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- 8th U-boat Flotilla
- 2 April – 31 December 1942 - Training
- 6th U-boat Flotilla
- 1 January – 31 May 1943
- 29th U-boat Flotilla
- 1 June 1943 – 17 May 1944
- Oblt.z.S. Johann Spindlegger
- 2 April – 7 October 1942
- Oblt.z.S. Siegfried Koitschka
- 8 October 1942 – 17 May 1944
- 1st patrol: 6 February – 26 March 1943
- 2nd patrol: 19 April – 17 May 1943
- 3rd patrol: 28 July – 18 August 1943
- 4th patrol: 8–18 September 1943
- 5th patrol: 3–15 October 1943
- 6th patrol: 20 November – 12 December 1943
- 7th patrol: 3–15 January 1944
- 8th patrol: 19 February – 15 March 1944
- 9th patrol: 30 April – 17 May 1944
- 2 warships sunk (2,181 tons)
- 2 merchant ships damaged (17,754 GRT)
German submarine U-616 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 20 May 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 592, launched on 8 February 1942 and commissioned on 2 April 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See (Oblt.z.S.) Johann Spindlegger.
On 8 October 1943, Spindlegger was replaced by Oblt.z.S. Siegfried Koitschka, who commanded her until she was sunk in 1944.
Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-616 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.[2] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[2]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).[2] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-616 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[2]
Service history
The boat's career began with training at 8th U-boat Flotilla on 2 April 1942, followed by active service on 1 January 1943 as part of the 6th Flotilla. On 1 June 1943 she transferred to operations in the Mediterranean as part of 29th Flotilla until her sinking in 1944.
In 9 patrols she sank 2 warships and damaged 2 merchant ships, for a total of 2,181 tons and 17,754 gross register tons (GRT), respectively.
Wolfpacks
U-616 took part in two wolfpacks, namely
- Burggraf (24 February – 5 March 1943)
- Westmark (6–11 March 1943)
- Stürmer (11–20 March 1943)
Fate
U-616 was sunk on 17 May 1944 in the Mediterranean in position 36°46′N 00°52′E / 36.767°N 0.867°ECoordinates: 36°46′N 00°52′E / 36.767°N 0.867°E, by depth charges from USS Nields, USS Gleaves, USS Ellyson, USS Macomb, USS Hambleton, USS Rodman, USS Emmons and a RAF Wellington bomber of 36 Squadron
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) |
Fate[3]|- | 9 October 1943 | USS Buck |  United States Navy |
1,570 | Sunk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 October 1943 | HMS LCT-553 |  Royal Navy |
6,409 | Sunk | |||||
| 14 May 1944 | Fort Fidler |  United Kingdom |
7,127 | Damaged | |||||
| 14 May 1944 | G S Walden | United Kingdom |
10,627 | Damaged |
See also
References
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-616". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 Gröner 1991, pp. 43-46.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-616". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
Bibliography
- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German) IV (Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler). ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel (London: Conway Maritime Press). ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
- Sharpe, Peter (1998). U-Boat Fact File. Great Britain: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-072-9.
External links
- Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-616". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 29 December 2014.