Lysyl hydroxylase

procollagen-lysine 1, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1
Identifiers
Symbol PLOD1
Alt. symbols LLH, PLOD
Entrez 5351
HUGO 9081
OMIM 153454
RefSeq NM_000302
UniProt Q02809
Other data
EC number 1.14.11.4
Locus Chr. 1 p36.3-36.2
procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2
Identifiers
Symbol PLOD2
Entrez 5352
HUGO 9082
OMIM 601865
RefSeq NM_000935
UniProt O00469
Other data
Locus Chr. 3 q24

Lysyl hydroxylases (or procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenases) are oxygenase enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of lysine to hydroxylysine.[1][2] Lysyl hydroxylases require iron and vitamin C as cofactors for their oxidation activity. It takes place (as a post-translational modification) following collagen synthesis in the cisternae (lumen) of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). There are three lysyl hydroxylases (LH1-3) encoded in the human genome, namely: PLOD1, PLOD2 and PLOD3. From PLOD2 two splice variant can be expressed (LH2a and LH2b), where LH2b differs from LH2a by incorporating the small exon 13A. LH1 and LH3 hydroxylate lysyl residues in the collagen triple helix, whereas LH2b hydroxylates lysyl residues in the telopeptides of collagen. In addition to its hydroxylation activity, LH3 has glycosylation activity that produces either monosaccharide (Gal) or disaccharide (Glc-Gal) attached to collagen hydroxylysines.

Collagen lysyl hydroxylation is the first step in collagen pyridinoline cross-linking, that is necessary for the stabilization of collagen.

Pathology

Mutations in the PLOD2 gene have been linked to Bruck syndrome in humans.

A deficiency in its cofactor, Vitamin C, is associated with Scurvy.

References

  1. Hausmann E (Apr 1967). "Cofactor requirements for the enzymatic hydroxylation of lysine in a polypeptide precursor of collagen". Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 133 (3): 591–3. doi:10.1016/0005-2795(67)90566-1. PMID 6033801.
  2. Rhoads RE, Udenfriend S (Aug 1968). "Decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate coupled to collagen proline hydroxylase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 60 (4): 1473–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.60.4.1473. PMC 224943. PMID 5244754.

External links


This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Friday, April 29, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.