Pakhala
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Pakhaḷa seasoned with curry leaves, cumin and fried chili peppers along with Alu-Potala bhaja and Badi bhaja | |
| Course | Hot pakhaḷa , Jira (cumin) Pakhaḷa, Basi (stale) pakhaḷa |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | India |
| Region or state | Odisha |
| Serving temperature | Hot and cold |
| Main ingredients | Cooked rice |
 Cookbook: Pakhaḷa(ପଖାଳ)  Media: Pakhaḷa(ପଖାଳ) | |
Pakhaḷa (Odia: ପଖାଳ) is an Odia term for an Indian food consisting of cooked rice washed or little fermented in water. The liquid part is known as Toraṇi.[1] It is popular in Odisha, Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. The Bengali name for this dish is Panta Bhat, in Chhattisgarh it's called Bore Bhat,[2] in Jharkhand different linguistic communities use different names like Paani Bhat, Paakhaal or Pakhala and in Assam it's called Poita Bhat.[3] Eating pakhal has been recommended to prevent heat stroke in hot weather. A traditional Odia dish, it is also prepared with rice, curd, cucumber, cumin seeds, fried onions and mint leaves. It is popularly served with roasted vegetables—such as potato, brinjal, badi or saga bhaja—or fried fish.
Etymology
The term "Pakhala" is derived from Pali word "pakhaliba" (Odia: ପଖାଳିବା) as well as Sanskrit word "Prakshāḷaṇa" (Sanskrit:प्रक्षाळन) which means "washed/to wash" and it is made by cooling the rice by adding water and keeping the cooked rice in water and curd. The word Pakhaḷa was used in the poems of Arjuna Das in his literary work Kaḷpalata (1520-1530 AD).[4]
History
It is unknown when "Pakhaḷa" was first included in the daily diet of Eastern India, but it was included in the recipe of Lord Jagannath Temple of Puri during circa. 10. Pakhaḷa is eaten in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent (including Nepal, Bangladesh and some parts of Myanmar). Rice being the most cultivated agricultural product is the predominant cause of most of the people to have rice as a staple food.[4]
To beat the heat, this dish is cooked and cooled in a bowl with full of plain water. Odisha, Bengal, Assam, and Chhattisgarh also have this dish in their cuisine. The inclusion of Pakhala in daily meal helps in to prevent heat stroke in summer. To promote this food, 20 March is celebrated as Pakhala Dibas or day.
Classifications
- Jeera Pakhaḷa is made by adding fried cumin with curry leaves with Pakhaḷa.[5][6][7]
- Dahi Pakhaḷa is made by adding curd with pakhaḷa.[8] Badi Chura is taken as a side dish with Pakhala.
- Garama Pakhaḷa (Hot Pakhaḷa) is generally made by adding water instantly after making rice or with warm rice.
- Basi pakhaḷa (Basi in Oriya means "stale") is made by fermenting rice by adding water which is generally kept overnight and eaten in the next day. It is also known by the name Basi amana or Basyam that literally means stale cooked rice.
Preparation
The dish is typically prepared with rice that is cooked and allowed to cool. Cook normal rice, then cool it and pour water in a bowl and add rice into it. In a pan, heat a pinch of oil, add mustard seeds, curry leaves, dry red chili and fry well. Add this Chhunka or Tadka into the Pakhala bowl along with sour curd. One can also add mint leaves and raw salt to enhance the taste. To add more zing to it, one may opt for fish fry or Sukhua Poda (dry fish fried), Saga Bhaja, Badi Chura (a regional food item made up of batter of urad or black gram by drying under sunshine as small nuts and then fried to serve) and much more. Cumin seeds are fried, ground into a fine powder, and then added to curd with coriander leaves and salt. It is sometimes served with a fish fry and spinach.
Traditional preparation
Pakhaḷa is slightly fermented rice. The rice is cooked, water is added to it along with little bit of old pakhal (something similar to making curd using milk and old curd). Pakhaḷa tastes best when served after 8 to 12 hrs after preparation; in this case, no old pakhal is required to be added to the rice as fermentation usually happens after 6 hr of keeping rice in water. Generally burnt potato or aloo poda (boiled also is used) and other fried vegetables or fried fish is served with pakhaḷa. Modern day variation is to add curd instead of fermenting it.
Pakhala Dibasa (Universal Pakhala Day)
20 March is declared Pakhala Dibasa (Universal Pakhala Day) by Odias worldwide. In a move to promote Odia food, the people of Odisha decided to celebrate 20 March as Pakhala Dibasa. Everyone decided to eat Pakhala on 20 March to welcome summer season with Odisha's traditional food.
See also
References
- ↑ J. Tharu, Lalita, Susie, Ke (1993). Women Writing in India: The twentieth century. Vol II. Feminist Press. p. 688. ISBN 9781558610293.
- ↑ http://www.rkmp.co.in/general-domain/rice-in-human-nutrition/pakhal
- ↑ http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110804/jsp/northeast/story_14328967.jsp
- 1 2 Panda, Shishir Kumar (1991). Medieval Orissa: a socio-economic study. Mittal Publications. p. 152. ISBN 9788170992615.
- ↑ Jeera Pakhala
- ↑ Jeera Pakhala
- ↑ Jeera Pakhala
- ↑ Dahi Pakhala
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pakhala. |
- Universal pakhala divas
- Oriya Pakhala Dibas
- A debate on Oriya Pakhaḷa
- Pakhaḷa bhata
- Water Rice
