Philippine Senate election, 2016

Philippine Senate election, 2016
Philippines
May 9, 2016
12 (of the 24) seats to the Senate of the Philippines
13 seats needed for a majority
 
Leader Franklin Drilon Gringo Honasan[1] Loren Legarda
Party Liberal UNA NPC
Alliance Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid UNA Partido Galing at Puso
Last election 3 seats, 15.30% 3 seats, 26.97% 1 seat, 10.15%
Current seats Liberal: 4 (3 up) UNA: 5 (2 up) NPC: 2 (1 up)
Incumbent Senate President

Franklin Drilon
Liberal
Philippines
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The 2016 election to the Senate of the Philippines will be the 32nd election for the Senate of the Philippines. The seats of 12 senators elected in 2010 will be filled during this election. The winners in this election will join the winners of the 2013 election to form the 17th Congress of the Philippines. The senators elected in 2013 will serve until June 30, 2019, while the senators elected in this election will serve up to June 30, 2022.

The Senate election will be a part of the 2016 general election where elections for President, Vice President, members of the House of Representatives, and all local officials, including those from the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, will be held.

The election will be held on a plurality-at-large voting system, where the voter has 12 votes, each candidate getting one vote, and the twelve candidates with the highest number of votes being elected for six years.

Electoral system

Philippine senatorial elections are done via the plurality-at-large voting system: the entire country is one at-large "district", where a voter can vote up to twelve people (one vote per candidate), with the twelve candidates with the highest number of votes deemed elected. Senators who are currently serving their second consecutive term are term limited, although they may run again in 2019. Only half of the seats are up in every senatorial election. The winning senators will replace the batch elected in 2010, and will join the batch elected in 2013 in the 17th Congress.

Each party has a slate of as many candidates as it desires, although parties don't usually exceed a 12-person ticket. A party may also choose to invite "guest candidates" to complete its slate. The party may even include, with the candidates' consent, independent candidates and candidates from other parties as the party's guest candidates. A coalition of different parties may also be formed.

In general elections where senators and presidents are elected at the same time, the presidential candidates often have their own slates of senatorial candidates. This means voters have more choices unlike in midterm elections, when there are usually only two major contending political forces.

Winning candidates are proclaimed by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) sitting as the National Board of Canvassers. Candidates are proclaimed senators-elect if the thirteenth-place candidate no longer has a mathematical chance of surpassing the twelfth-place candidate. Post-proclamation disputes are handled by the Senate Electoral Tribunal, a body composed of six senators and three justices from the Supreme Court.

Coalitions

A coalition led by the Liberal Party (LP) of Interior and Local Government Secretary Mar Roxas, the successor of the administration-backed Team PNoy coalition in 2013, and the primary opposition United Nationalist Alliance of Vice President Jejomar Binay, are widely expected to put up senatorial slates. Aside from these coalitions, candidates running for president are also expected to put up their own opposition slates. Some candidates are included in more than one coalitions.

Candidate Ticket
Admin. Opposition
Koalisyon
ng Daang
Matuwid		 United
Nationalist
Alliance		 Partido
Galing at
Puso		 People's
Reform
Party
Ina Ambolodto
Neri Colmenares
Leila de Lima
Franklin Drilon
Sherwin Gatchalian
Richard J. Gordon
TG Guingona
Risa Hontiveros
Lorna Kapunan
Princess Jacel Kiram
Panfilo Lacson |
Rey Langit
Mark Lapid
Edu Manzano |
Allan Montano
Alma Moreno
Isko Moreno |
Getulio Napeñas
Susan Ople |
Manny Pacquiao
Cresente Paez
Samuel Pagdilao
Francis Pangilinan
Jericho Petilla
Ralph Recto |
Martin Romualdez
Roman Romulo
Dionisio Santiago
Tito Sotto |
Francis Tolentino
Joel Villanueva
Juan Miguel Zubiri

Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid

The senatorial ticket of the Liberal Party called as "Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid" (Coalition for the Straight Path), was unveiled last October 12, 2015 at the LP's headquarters in Cubao, Quezon City led by President Aquino III, and the Roxas and Robredo tandem.[2]

In a resolution passed September 30, 2015, the LP National Directorate, and LP National Executive Council nominated incumbent senators Franklin Drilon, Teofisto Guingona III and Ralph Recto, former Department of Justice Secretary Leila de Lima and former senator Francis Pangilinan for inclusion. LP Standard-bearer Mar Roxas also declared former Energy Secretary and former Leyte Governor Jericho Petilla (LP) as part of the slate. On October 12, 2015, Interior and Local Government Assistant Secretary for Muslim Affairs and Special Concerns Nariman Ambolodto, PhilHealth Board Director Risa Hontiveros, COOP-NATCCO Party List Representative Cresente Paez and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Director General Joel Villanueva were included in the slate.

Partido Galing at Puso

The senatorial slate of Grace Poe, known as "Partido Galing at Puso," includes independents and candidates from other political parties. The coalition line up was unveiled for the first time after the last day of filing on 16 October 2015. It included Manila vice mayor Isko Moreno, congressman Sherwin Gatchalian, worker advocate Susan Ople, incumbent senator Tito Sotto, Bayan Muna congressman Neri Colmenares, actor Edu Manzano, lawyer Lorna Kapunan, party-list congressman Samuel Pagdilao, former senator Miguel Zubiri, former senator Dick Gordon, congressman Roman Romulo, and Ralph Recto. On 29 October 2015, the senatorial coalition line up was unveiled at Club Filipino.

Term-limited and retiring incumbents

Term limited

The following are barred from seeking reelection, although they can be elected anew in 2019:

Other incumbent senators may seek other political offices in 2016.

Incumbents running elsewhere

Term expires after elections:

Term doesn't expire after the election; if they lose, they are to return to the Senate to continue the latter half of their terms which would end in 2019:

Campaign

On March 2015, Walden Bello resigned his position in Congress and from the Akbayan party, which is allied with President Benigno Aquino III, due to conflicts with Aquino that surrounded the Disbursement Acceleration Program and the Mamasapano incident.[7] As a result of the Mamasapano clash, Getulio Napeñas was relieved from his position and later retires.[8]

On May 20, 2015, the Office of the Ombudsman dismissed the complaint filed by former Iloilo Provincial Administrator Manuel Mejorada against Senator Franklin Drilon, DPWH Secretary Rogelio Singson, DOT Secretary Ramon Jimenez Jr., and other officials involved in the construction of the Iloilo Convention Center.[9] On August 7, 2015, Senator Gringo Honasan, former CIBAC congressman and now TESDA chair Joel Villanueva, and 7 other former and incumbent lawmakers were charged before the Office of the Ombudsman in connection with the pork barrel scam.[10]

On August 27, 2015, Leila de Lima assisted Isaias Samson, an expelled Minister of Iglesia ni Cristo, in filing a case against the sect. Members protested at the DOJ office the next day while others occupied EDSA in Mandaluyong a few days later to urge de Lima to resign, and give focus to the Mamasapano clash where 2 members of the INC were killed.[11] On September 15, 2015, Francis Pangilinan announced his resignation from the cabinet of President Benigno Aquino III.[12] On September 29, 2015, Francis Tolentino spoke in Cavite for his intention to run for the Senate under Aquino's Liberal Party. However, controversy surrounding a lewd performance in a political rally in Santa Cruz, Laguna forced him to resign from the party.[13]

Grace Poe and Francis Escudero revealed that 8 candidates were named on the initial list of their senatorial slate.[14] On September 30, 2015, Poe endorsed Bayan Muna representative Neri Colmenares.[15] On October 12, 2015, the Liberal Party announced its complete senatorial line-up in Quezon City under the Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid.[16] The United Nationalist Alliance completed their slate on October 21, 2015.[17] Panfilo Lacson accused Poe of favoring actor Edu Manzano over himself on October 27, 2015 when it was reported that Manzano was joining the Senate slate of Poe.[18] On October 29, 2015, Poe and Escudero announced in an event held in Club Filipino, San Juan, the complete senatorial slate for the "Partido Galing at Puso" coalition.[19]

In an event commemorating Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban on November 7, 2015, Martin Romualdez, the nephew of Imelda Marcos, declared his support for Jejomar Binay.[20] On November 14, 2015, in an interview by ABS-CBN News Channel, Karen Davila asked Alma Moreno with questions regarding the Repoductive Health Law. The interview went viral when Moreno was unable to answer coherently.[21] In November 2015, Princess Jacel Kiram and Malaysian politician Nurul Izzah Anwar posted a photo demanding Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak to free opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim which was received negatively in that country, prompting Nurul Izzah to apologize. [22] On November 17, 2015, in a vote of 5-4, the Senate Electoral Tribunal denied the petition filed by aspiring 2016 presidential candidate Rizalito David for the disqualification of Grace Poe as a Senator.[23]

On December 14, 2015, the court rejected Jovito Palparan's bid to be released on bail despite his plea that he is running for Senate.[24] On January 26, 2016, the Senate Blue Ribbon subcommittee concludes its hearings on the corruption allegations against Vice President and UNA presidential candidate Jejomar Binay.[25]

Campaigning for the Senate elections began on February 9, 2016. The United Nationalist Alliance's campaign started with a proclamation rally held in Mandaluyong on that same day.[26] The 10-person senatorial line-up of Miriam Defensor Santiago's campaign were unveiled during an campaign event at the Ynares Sports Arena on February 14, 2016.[27] On February 15, 2016, PDP-Laban, the party of Rodrigo Duterte announced that it will not have a senatorial slate so that the party can concentrate on promoting the candidate.[28]

On February 15, 2016, UNA senatorial canndidate Manny Pacquiao, in a video statement posted by TV5 for its Bilang Pilipino coverage, made a comment on the issue of same-sex marriage. He described people in these marriages as "mas masahol pa sa hayop" (English Translation: behaving worse than animals.)[29] Pacquiao later apologized for the and stated that as a Born Again Christian, he is against same-sex marriage, based on Biblical teachings but he did not condemn gay people.[30][31] Nike ended their longtime partnership with Pacquiao stating thay his comments against gay people were abhorrent.[32] Bello filed a petition that may disqualify Pacquiao for violating election rules regarding publicity.[33] [34] Based on the commission's rules, Pacquiao's wife, Jinkee Pacquiao, may substitute.[35]

On February 22, 2016, Richard J. Gordon filed a petition to the Supreme Court to reverse a decision by the Comelec from refraining to print receipts from the voting machines.[36] Greco Belgica followed suit.[37]

Candidates

A total of 50 candidates were included in the initial list of candidates to be included in the ballot.[38]

Akbayan Citizens' Action Party
# Name Party
20. Risa Hontiveros Akbayan
Aksyon Demokratiko
# Name Party
22. Lorna Kapunan Aksyon
27. Mark Lapid Aksyon
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
# Name Party
16. Larry Gadon KBL
Lakas-CMD
# Name Party
29. Romeo Maganto Lakas
43. Martin Romualdez Lakas
Liberal
# Name Party
4. Ina Ambolodto Liberal
12. Leila de Lima Liberal
15. Franklin Drilon Liberal
19. TG Guingona Liberal
40. Francis Pangilinan Liberal
41. Jericho Petilla Liberal
42. Ralph Recto Liberal
49. Joel Villanueva Liberal
Makabayang Koalisyon ng Mamamayan
# Name Party
11. Neri Colmenares Makabayan
Nacionalista
# Name Party
34. Susan Ople Nacionalista
Nationalist People's Coalition
# Name Party
17. Sherwin Gatchalian NPC
46. Tito Sotto NPC
Partido ng Manggagawa at Magsasaka
# Name Party
2. Aldin Ali PMM
10. Melchor Chavez PMM
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino
# Name Party
9. Sandra Cam PMP
13. Isko Moreno Domagoso PMP
United Nationalist Alliance
# Name Party
23. Princess Jacel Kiram UNA
26. Rey Langit UNA
31. Allan Montano UNA
24. Alma Moreno UNA
33. Getulio Napeñas UNA
36. Manny Pacquiao UNA
Independents
# Name Party
1. Shariff Albani Independent
3. Rafael Alunan Independent
5. Godofredo Arquiza Independent
6. Levito Baligod Independent
7. Greco Belgica Independent
8. Walden Bello Independent
14. Ray Dorona Independent
18. Richard J. Gordon Independent
21. Eid Kabalu Independent
25. Panfilo Lacson Independent
28. Dante Liban Independent
30. Edu Manzano Independent
32. Ramon Montaño Independent
35. Sergio Osmeña III Independent
37. Cresente Paez Independent
38. Samuel Pagdilao Independent
39. Jovito Palparan Independent
44. Roman Romulo Independent
45. Dionisio Santiago Independent
47. Francis Tolentino Independent
48. Diosdado Valeroso Independent
50. Juan Miguel Zubiri Independent

Opinion polling

Opinion polling, locally known as surveys in the Philippines, is conducted by Social Weather Stations (SWS), Pulse Asia and other pollsters.

The frontrunner is in bold. Those which are within the margin of error are in italics.

Campaign period

Name and party Date Feb 13, 2016 Feb 15-20, 2016 Feb 16-27, 2016 Feb 24-Mar 1, 2016
Pollster MBC-DZRH[39][40][41] Pulse Asia[42] Pulse Asia [43] Standard [44]
Sample size 7,572 1,800 5,200 3,000
Margin of error ±1.13% ±2% ±1.4% ±1.8%
Shariff Albani Independent 03.1 3.0 2.6 1
Aldin Ali PMM 02.6 2.6 2.5 1
Rafael Alunan Independent 03.2 3.9 3.1 2
Ina Ambolodto Liberal 02.2 3.4 2.9 3
Gofredo Arquiza Independent 02.5 1.0 2.2 1
Levito Baligod Independent 02.3 1.3 1.9 1
Greco Belgica Independent 02.3 0.9 1.8 1
Walden Bello Independent 03.3 2.1 2.8 1
Sandra Cam PMP 02.9 0.8 1.1 1
Melchor Chavez PMM 08.6 6.4 8.1 4
Neri Colmenares Makabayan 12.6 13.5 11.1 13
Leila de Lima Liberal 38.1 45.3 35.1 30
Ray Dorona Independent 02.9 0.6 1.0 1
Franklin Drilon Liberal 41.2 52.4 46.5 36
Larry Gadon KBL 04.6 1.9 4.1 3
Sherwin Gatchalian NPC 28.3 41.2 26.1 32
Richard J. Gordon Independent 33.4 42.6 34.9 30
TG Guingona Liberal 24.2 36.7 28.2 30
Risa Hontiveros Akbayan 31.3 36.2 33.1 39
Eid Kabalu Independent 01.9 2.0 1.5 1
Lorna Kapunan Aksyon 04.8 5.0 3.9 3
Princess Jacel Kiram UNA 03.0 2.4 2.3 2
Panfilo Lacson Independent 53.0 60.2 44.9 36
Rey Langit UNA 08.6 7.7 5.2 3
Mark Lapid Aksyon 20.6 21.5 20.3 19
Dante Liban Independent 02.4 1.2 1.2 1
Romeo Maganto Lakas 03.3 2.8 3.2 2
Edu Manzano Independent 21.8 17.1 19.3 12
Allan Montaño UNA 04.8 3.5 4.8 3
Ramon Montaño Independent 03.2 2.1 2.9 1
Alma Moreno UNA 12.8 11.2 6.7 7
Isko Moreno Domagoso PMP 15.0 19.2 10.2 25
Getulio Napeñas UNA 03.9 2.5 4.0 2
Susan Ople Nacionalista 08.0 10.2 7.9 5
Sergio Osmeña III Independent 33.6 43.7 36.3 25
Manny Pacquiao UNA 37.9 34.8 33.2 30
Cresente Paez Independent 02.1 0.7 0.8 0.4
Samuel Pagdilao Independent 03.0 1.8 2.0 1
Jovito Palparan Independent 03.7 2.8 2.4 2
Francis Pangilinan Liberal 42.2 54.1 47.2 43
Jericho Petilla Liberal 03.7 9.1 7.9 7
Ralph Recto Liberal 43.4 53.4 43.5 43
Martin Romualdez Lakas 17.4 22.0 20.6 31
Roman Romulo Independent 05.8 6.5 5.9 4
Dionisio Santiago Independent 04.0 5.3 6.2 3
Tito Sotto NPC 51.0 63.6 50.6 50
Francis Tolentino Independent 18.0 24.0 20.5 19
Diosdado Valeroso Independent 02.1 0.8 1.1 1
Joel Villanueva Liberal 27.7 39.1 28.5 36
Juan Miguel Zubiri Independent 46.6 48.5 39.4 37
Others N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Don't know — — 0.8 — —
Refused — — 0.1 — —
None — — 1.4 7.8 7

Results

Composition of the Senate before and after the election:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Before
election		 Senate bloc Majority bloc Minority bloc
Party ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
After
election		 Party

Key:

Per party

Party Popular vote Breakdown Seats
Total % Swing Entered Up Not up Gains Holds Losses Won Current 16th 17th +/−
Start %
UNA (United Nationalist Alliance) 6 2 3 5
Liberal (Liberal Party) 8 3 1 4
NPC (Nationalist People's Coalition) 2 1 1 2
Nacionalista (Nationalist Party) 1 1 1 2
LDP (Struggle of Democratic Filipinos) 0 0 N/A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
PDP-Laban (Philippine Democratic Party – People's Power) 0 0 N/A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
Lakas (People Power-Christian Muslim Democrats) 2 1 0 1
PRP (People's Reform Party) 0 0 N/A 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Aksyon (Democratic Action) 2 0 0 0
PMM (Workers' and Farmers' Party) 2 0 0 0
PMP (Force of the Philippine Masses) 2 0 0 0
Akbayan (Citizens' Action Party) 1 0 0 0
KBL (New Society Movement) 1 0 0 0
Makabayan (Patriotic Coalition of the People) 1 0 0 0
Independent 22 3 4 7
Total votes N/A 50 12 12 12 24 24 100% TBD
Turnout
Registered voters

References

  1. ↑ Running for Vice President
  2. ↑ Bea Cupin (2015-10-11). "It’s final: LP completes 12-person Senate slate". Rappler. Retrieved 2015-10-12.
  3. ↑ "Enrile to retire from politics in 2016, denies reported plan to run for Cagayan gov". GMA News. 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
  4. ↑ Araja, Rio N. (August 13, 2014). "Estrada hopeful, options still open". The New Standard. Retrieved 2015-04-26.
  5. ↑ Cervantes, Ding (2015-01-05). "Lapid to run for mayor of Angeles". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 2015-04-26.
  6. ↑ Casayuran, Mario (March 10, 2014). "Revilla eyes 2016 presidency". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2015-04-26.
  7. ↑ Aceron, Joy; Isaac, Francis (14 March 2015). "That thing called resignation". Rappler. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  8. ↑ "Former SAF chief Napeñas retires on Saturday". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
  9. ↑ "Case on 'overpriced' Iloilo Convention Center dismissed". ABS CBN News. May 20, 2015. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
  10. ↑ "Gringo, TESDA chief charged in 3rd PDAF scam cases". ABS CBN News. August 7, 2015. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
  11. ↑ Gamil, Jaymee; Yee, Jovic; Quismundo, Tarra (29 August 2015). "Iglesia Ni Cristo protesters occupy Edsa". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  12. ↑ Nicolas, Fiona (September 15, 2015). "Pangilinan quits as food security chief". CNN Philippines (Nine Media Corporation). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  13. ↑ "'Playgirls were asked to dress sexier'". ABS-CBN News. 3 October 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  14. ↑ Elemia, Camille (2015-09-17). "Chiz Escudero: I accept the challenge to be Grace Poe's partner in 2016". Rappler. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  15. ↑ Ager, Maila (2015-09-30). "Poe, Escudero endorse Colmenares as first member of senatorial slate". Inquirer.net. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  16. ↑ LP bares slate dubbed Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid, Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  17. ↑ Macaraig, Ayee (21 October 2015). "Binay finally completes UNA Senate slate". Rappler.
  18. ↑ "Lacson: Poe dropped me from slate in favor of Edu Manzano". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2015-10-27. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
  19. ↑ "Poe-Escudero’s ‘Partido Galing at Puso’ Senate slate launched". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2015-10-30.
  20. ↑ "Romualdez cousins supporting Binay in 2016?". Rappler. December 7, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  21. ↑ "Alma Moreno: MS not an issue in senatorial bid". ABS-CBNNews.com. 11 November 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  22. ↑ "Malaysian Nurul Izzah apologises for photo with Jacel Kiram". Channel News Asia. November 21, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  23. ↑ Ansis, JC (November 17, 2015). "SET denies disqualification case against Poe". CNN Philippines. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Court rejects bail for Jovito Palparan". Rappler. December 14, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  25. ↑ "After 25 hearings, Senate subpanel wraps up probe vs Binay". ABS-CBN News. January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  26. ↑ "Binay, Poe to kick off campaigns in M. Manila". Manila Times. February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  27. ↑ Gagalac, Ron (February 13, 2016). "Miriam-Marcos tandem bares senatorial slate". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
  28. ↑ Andrade, Jeannette (16 February 2016). "No more senatorial slate for Duterte-Cayetano team". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  29. ↑ "Pacquiao draws flak for "masahol pa sa hayop" comment". ABS-CBN Sports. February 16, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  30. ↑ "Philippine boxer Manny Pacquiao apologises for gay slur". BBC. February 16, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  31. ↑ http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/boxing-champ-manny-pacquiao-defends-natural-marriage-gets-pummelled-by-west
  32. ↑ Fernandez, Erick. "Nike Drops Manny Pacquiao Following Anti-Gay Comments". Huffington Post. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  33. ↑ "Comelec urged to declare Pacquiao fight illegal". Rappler. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  34. ↑ "Rival senatorial candidate wants Manny Pacquiao banned from next fight". Fox Sports. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  35. ↑ "Comelec concludes substitution of candidates for 2016 polls". CNN Philippines. December 11, 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  36. ↑ "Gordon to SC: Compel Comelec to issue vote receipts". Philippine Daily Inquirer. February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  37. ↑ "Belgica asks SC to enable printing of voter receipts". BusinessWorld. February 26, 2016. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  38. ↑ "List of National and Local Candidates for Verification". COMELEC. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  39. ↑ "DZRH News – Desisyon 2016: Poe, Chiz tops MBC second wave survey". DZRH. February 18, 2016.
  40. ↑ "Poe leads, Binay gains in MBC poll". The Manila Times. February 18, 2016.
  41. ↑ http://www.tempo.com.ph/2016/02/19/news/main/poe-chiz-top-dzrh-survey/
  42. ↑ https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3b9qPFV1cRDTzN4R2kwRzA4R2M/view?pref=2&pli=1
  43. ↑ https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3b9qPFV1cRDVjVueURXUTBWRk0/view?pref=2&pli=1
  44. ↑ http://thestandard.com.ph/the-standard-poll/201325/the-standard-poll-complete-results-feb-24-mar-1-2016-.html
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