Elections in the Philippines

Voter turnout during national elections from 1946 onwards.

Elections in the Philippines are of several types. The president, vice-president, and the senators are elected for a six-year term, while the members of the House of Representatives, governors, vice-governors, members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial board members), mayors, vice-mayors, members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod/members of the Sangguniang Bayan (city/municipal councilors), barangay officials, and the members of the Sangguniang Kabataan (youth councilors) are elected to serve for a three-year term.

The Congress or Kongreso has two chambers. The House of Representatives or Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan has 292 seats as of 2013, of which 80% are contested in single seat electoral districts and 20% are allotted to party-lists according to a modified Hare quota with remainders disregarded and a three-seat cap, which are only accessible to marginalized and under-represented groups and parties, local parties, and sectoral wings of major parties that represent the marginalized. The Constitution of the Philippines allows the House of Representatives to have more than 250 members by statute without a need for a constitutional amendment. The Senate or Senado has 24 members which are elected on a nationwide at-large basis; they do not represent any geographical district. Half of the Senate is renewed every three years.

The Philippines has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form a coalition government. The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) is responsible for running the elections.

Under the Constitution, elections for the members of Congress and local positions (except barangay officials) occur every second Monday of May every third year after May 1992, and presidential and vice presidential elections occur every second Monday of May every sixth year after May 1992. All elected officials, except those at the barangay level, start (and end) their terms of office on June 30 of the election year.

Voting

Qualification

Every citizen 18 years old or above on Election Day who has been a resident of the Philippines for at least a year and for at least six months in the place he is registering, and is not otherwise disqualified by law, may vote. In order to actually vote, a citizen has to register. The COMELEC has a registration period for several months prior to the election. Those who are not registered will not appear on the voters' list and are ineligible to vote despite being qualified to do so.

People aged 15 to 18 may vote in Sangguniang Kabataan elections. Same with their adult counterparts, the COMELEC has a registration period a few months prior to the election.

Absentee voters

Absentee voters are divided into two types: the local absentee voters and the overseas absentee voters. Local absentee voters include people who are working during Election Day. These include soldiers, policemen, government employees and the like. Overseas absentee voters are Filipinos residing abroad. They are eligible to vote on national positions only (president, vice-president, senators and party-list representatives). Overseas absentee voters may vote in Philippine embassies and consulates, and voting begins as early as 4 months prior to the election. The voting can be as long as 6 months in a very few situations.

Process

Ballot boxes used for the 2007 Philippine Barangay Elections in Davao.

Once a registered voter finds his/her name in the voters' list and locates the correct precinct, he may queue in line for the distribution of the ballot.

Prior to the 2010 elections, voters have to write the names of the candidates next to the positions in which they are running. COMELEC-approved nicknames maybe used by the voters in writing the names. After the polling period ends, the Board of Election Inspectors (or the teachers manning the polling precinct) counts the ballots by hand. Once all the ballots are counted, the election returns will now be sent to the city or municipal Board of Canvassers, political parties and other groups.

However, since the 2010 elections, the voters now have to shade the oval that was indicated before the candidate's name, and a voting machine automatically counts each ballot as it is fed into it. The results will then be printed as the election return and sent electronically to the city or municipal Board of Canvassers as stated below.

The city or municipal Board of Canvassers canvasses the votes from all polling precincts within their jurisdiction and prepares two documents: a Statement of Votes (SOV) in which all votes from all candidates in all positions per precinct is listed; and a Certificate of Canvass (COC), a document showing the vote totals of all candidates within the Board of Canvassers' jurisdiction.

If the city or municipal Board of Canvassers' jurisdiction is an independent city with its own congressional district, they will send their SOV and COC to the national Board of Canvassers (the COMELEC for senate and party-list elections, Congress for presidential and vice presidential elections). If it is otherwise, they will send their SOV and COC to the provincial Board of Canvassers where the votes as stated from the city or municipal COC will be canvassed. The provincial Board of Canvassers sends their SOV and COC to the national Board of Canvassers once canvassing is done. The national Board of Canvassers then canvasses all COCs and declares the winners for national positions.

Schedule

Election

Fixed-term elections

National and local elections are held on the second Monday of May every third year starting 1992. The presidential and vice presidential elections are held every six years. Election Days in which the president and vice president and barangay officials are not elected are called "midterm elections"; Election Days in which the president and vice president are elected are called "presidential elections." Barangay-level officials, although are currently elected in the same year as the other officials, are elected separately the succeeding months (see below).

From 1949 to 1971, election days are held every second Tuesday of November of every odd-numbered year with the presidential and vice presidential election held the every fourth year starting from 1951.

Barangay-level elections, starting from 2007, are to be held every three years during the last Monday of October, although these elections are frequently postponed (and incumbents' terms are extended) as a cost-saving measure. Elections for the positions in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), starting from 2011, are to be held every three years during the second Monday of May.

Position	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Type	Presidential (May) Barangay (October)	None		Midterm (May) Barangay (October)	None		Presidential (May) Barangay (October)
President and vice president	President and vice president	None					President and vice president
Senate	Seats contested during even-numbered years (12 seats)	None		Seats contested during odd-numbered years (12 seats)	None		Seats contested during even-numbered years (12 seats)
House of Representatives	All seats	None		All seats	None		All seats
ARMM	None			All positions	None		All positions
Provinces, cities and municipalities	All positions	None		All positions	None		All positions
Barangays	All positions	None		All positions except SK	None		All positions

Inauguration

Position	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Type	Presidential (June) Barangay (November)	None		Midterm (June) Barangay (November)	None		Presidential (June) Barangay (November)
President and vice president	June 30	None					June 30
Senate	June 30	None		June 30	None		June 30
House	June 30	None		June 30	None		June 30
ARMM	None			June 30	None
Provinces, cities and municipalities	June 30	None		June 30	None		June 30
Barangays	November 30	None		November 30	None		November 30

Elected offices

Position	Number
President	1
Vice president	1
Senators	12
House of Representatives (district)	1
House of Representatives (party-list)	1
Governor	1*
Vice governor	1*
Board members	1 to 7*
Mayor	1
Vice mayor	1
Councilors	4 to 12
Total presidential	22 to 39
Total midterm	20 to 37
Regional governor	1
Regional vice governor	1
Regional assemblymen	3
Total ARMM	5
Barangay captain	1
Barangay councilor (kagawad)	7
Total barangay	8
SK chairman	1
SK councilor (kagawad)	7
Total SK	8
*Some cities do not elect provincial officials.

In a presidential election year, a voter may vote for as much as 34 names and a party-list organization. In ARMM elections, a voter may vote for five names, and in barangay elections, a voter may vote for eight names. A voter for the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK, youth council) may vote for eight names; currently, SK voters are aged 15 to 18 years old with only the SK voters aged 18 years old may vote for other barangay officials.

President and vice president

Each voter is entitled to one vote each for the duration of the election. The voter may split his or her ticket. The candidate with the most votes wins the position; there is no run-off election, and the president and vice president may come from different parties. If two or more candidates emerge with an equal and highest number of votes, one of them will be elected by the Senate and the House of Representatives, voting separately.

Congress

Senators

The Senate has 24 members, and 12 members are elected every election; hence, each voter is entitled to twelve votes for the Senate in every election. The voter may not complete the twelve votes for the Senate, but s/he must not surpass the twelve votes or else his/her ballot for that position will be nullified. With the entire country as one at-large district, the twelve candidates with the most number of votes are elected. This is often not proportional to the results.

From 1951 to 1971, instead of 12 senators elected every three years, the electorate voted for eight senators every two years in the same format. From 1941 to 1949, all elections to the senate were by block voting: the voters may write a name for every seat contested, or they can write the name of the party, which would then give all of the voters' votes to that party's ticket. Compounded with the Nacionalista Party's dominance, this caused a sweep of 24 seats for them in 1941.^[1] From 1916 to 1934, voting was via senatorial districts; voters vote for one candidate every three years, except for the first election in 1916 where they'd vote for two candidates; the second-placed candidate would only serve for three years.

House of Representatives

Each voter has two votes in the House of Representatives.

A voter may elect a representative from the congressional district of residence. The candidate with the highest number of votes in a district wins that district's seat.

A voter may also elect a party-list organization. The voter votes for the party, not for the candidate, and the voter is restricted to one vote. All votes are tallied in an at-large basis, and parties with at least 2% of the vote wins at least one seat in the House. A further two more seats will be granted if there are still spare seats (the party-list representatives comprise 20% of the House), and if there are still unfilled seats, the parties with less than 2% of the vote will get one seat each in descending order until all seats are filled. A party-list organization is limited to represent marginalized sectors in the society such as the youth, laborers, women, and the like.

Previously, the calculation for the winners in the party-list election was different: the winning parties should have 2% of the national vote and are awarded one seat; any additional 2% is given an additional seat until the maximum of three seats per party is filled up. Since only several parties surpassed the 2% election threshold, the number of party-list representatives was always less than 20% of the House's membership.

The party-list system was first used in 1998; from 1987 to 1995, the president with the concurrence of the Commission on Appointments, appointed the sectoral representatives. Sectoral representatives were first elected during 1978.

Local positions

Synchronized with the national elections are the local elections. The voter may vote for any of the following:

• Provincial-level:
  • One governor
  • One vice governor
  • One to seven Sangguniang Panlalawigan members (provincial board)
• City- or municipal-level:
  • One mayor
  • One vice mayor
  • Four to twelve Sangguniang Panlungsod/Sangguniang Bayan members (city or municipal council, respectively)

If the city the voter is residing in a highly urbanized city or independent component city, the voter can not vote for any of the provincial-level positions.

The Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial board), Sangguniang Panlungsod (city council) and Sangguniang Bayan (municipal council)'s manner of election is identical with that of the Senate. In some cities and provinces, they are split into districts (not necessarily the same as the congressional district) in which separate board members/council members are elected.

Barangay elections are held every three years, although usually not in the same time as elections for other positions. Terms of incumbent barangay officials are often extended when Congress suspend the barangay elections as a cost-saving measure. The barangay-level positions are:

• One barangay captain
• Seven barangay kagawads (councilors)
• One Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) chairperson (youth council chairperson)
• Seven SK kagawads (councilors)

The manner of election of the Sangguniang Kabataan in the barangay is identical to the one used in the Senate. Each barangay is entitled to one SK. The barangay SK chairpersons in a city or municipality elect amongst themselves a president that will sit as an ex officio member of the city or municipal council. The city (if applicable) and municipal SK presidents then elect amongst themselves a president that will sit in the provincial board as an ex officio member. Finally, provincial and city (which are not under the jurisdiction of a province) chairpersons elect amongst themselves the SK national federation president that will sit as an ex officio member of the National Youth Commission.

The manner of representation of the different barangay chairmen in the municipal, city and provincial legislatures as ex officio members is identical with the way how the SK chairpersons are represented; the provincial and city (which are not under the jurisdiction of a province) chairpersons elect amongst themselves the president of the National League of the Barangays (Liga ng mga Barangay).

Other elections

Referendums and plebiscites

Referendums and plebiscites are conducted in order to pass certain laws. Any amendments or revision to the constitution, merging, creation and abolition of local government units and autonomous regions and the like are validated via plebiscites. In order for a referendum and plebiscite to pass, the votes in favor must be greater in number than those which are opposed; there is no requirement for how high the voter turnout should be in such referendums or plebiscites.

The terms "referendum" and "plebiscite" mean different things in the context of Philippine political discourse:

• Referendum is the power of the electorate to approve or reject a legislation through an election called for the purpose.
• Plebiscite is the electoral process by which an initiative on the Constitution is approved or rejected by the people.
  • It is also the term used in determining the creation of a barangay (village), municipalities, cities, provinces and autonomous regions.

In order to initiate a referendum, a total of 10% of all registered voters, plus 3% from every affected legislative district, must sign a petition. If the affected locality only has one legislative district, the 3% requirement falls to every municipality for a province-wide referendum, and for every barangay for city-wide referendum. For barangay-level referendums, the requirement is 10% of all registered voters. For a constitutional plebiscite, 12% of all registered voters is needed, with 3% for all legislative districts, and that it could be exercised five years after its ratification on February 2, 1987, and once every five years after each plebiscite. A referendum is passed if it is approved by a majority of the votes cast; a defeat means the law sought to be rejected or amended remains to be in full effect.

There had been two "waves" of national referendums in the Philippines: the first was during the Commonwealth period, and the latter was during the martial law period. Locally, the most common plebiscites are on creating new provinces and the upgrading of a municipality into a city.

The last provincial-level plebiscite was on 2013 for the creation of a new province of Davao Occidental that was passed; the last national plebiscite was in 1987 for the approval of the constitution endorsed by the 1986 Constitutional Commission.

Recall

Elected local government officials may be recalled. A recall election may be called if either a majority of all members of a preparatory recall assembly, composed of all elected local officials within a local government unit (LGU), endorse a recall, or if there is a petition of at least 25% of the registered voters in that LGU. The recalled official is not allowed to resign when facing a recall election, but may participate in it; the candidate with the highest number of votes wins the recall election.

The last recall election above the barangay level will be the 2015 Puerto Princesa mayoral recall election.

Initiatives

Initiatives (locally known as "people's initiative") to amend or revise the constitution, or propose new laws are allowed if there is a petition of at least 12% of all registered voters in the country, with at least 3% in every legislative district. A plebiscite will be called it meets such requirements. A people's initiative has never made it past the stage verification of signatures.

Special election

The term "special election" in the Philippines may mean either of the following:

• An election that was supposedly held with the general election but was delayed;
• An election to elect a new official after the predecessor left office (known as "by-elections" elsewhere)

Members of the House of Representatives can be elected under the second type of special election whenever the predecessor leaves office, except when the next regularly scheduled election is less than a year away. A special election for president and vice president can only be called if both offices are vacant at the same time, and is outside the 18 months prior to the next regularly scheduled presidential election.

The last special election to elect a vacancy to the House of Representatives was 2012 for Negros Occidental's 5th legislative district. The last special election for the presidency was on 1986.

Primary elections

Primary elections do not exist in the Philippines. The leaders of the various political parties select the candidates themselves, and party membership is liquid. In some cases, if a politician is not chosen to be a candidate, he can join another party (such as Ferdinand Marcos, a Liberal, jumped ship to the Nacionalistas in 1965 when the Liberals picked incumbent Diosdado Macapagal as their presidential candidate), or create their own party (such as Fidel Ramos, when he created the Lakas ng Tao (now Lakas Kampi CMD) after the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino chose Ramon Mitra as their presidential candidate in 1992).

History

Beginning during the Spanish Colonial Period there were a few attempts nationally of electing local officials. Once the Spanish colonial government was replaced by the American colonial Insular Government. following the Spanish–American War, and the First Philippine Republic defeated in the Philippine–American War, there were multiple elections held throughout peaceful areas of the country for provincial and local officials.

During the First Philippine Republic an attempt was made to elect a national congress but the Republic did not control the Philippines and so no nationwide election could be held. The first fully national election for a fully elected legislative body was in 1907 for the Philippine Assembly, the elected half of the bicameral Philippine Legislature during the American Colonial Period.

List of elections

Only elections national in scope are included.

Year	General	President	Upper house	Lower house	Local	Barangay	Other	Referendum
1895					Municipal
1898			1898 Congress
1899					Local
1902					Local
1904					Local
1905					Local
1907				Philippine Assembly
1909				Philippine Assembly	Local
1912				Philippine Assembly	Local
1916	Legislative		Senate	House of Representatives	Local
1919	Legislative		Senate	House of Representatives	Local
1922	Legislative		Senate	House of Representatives	Local
1925	Legislative		Senate	House of Representatives	Local
1928	Legislative		Senate	House of Representatives	Local
1931	Legislative		Senate	House of Representatives	Local
1934	Legislative		Senate	House of Representatives	Local		Constitutional convention
1935	General	President & vice president	National Assembly					Constitutional
1937					Local			Women's suffrage
1938			National Assembly
1940								Constitutional
1941	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives	Local
1943			National Assembly		Local
1946	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives
1947			Senate		Local			Parity rights
1949	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives
1951			Senate		Local
1953	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives
1955			Senate		Local
1957	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives
1959			Senate		Local
1961	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives
1963			Senate		Local
1965	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives
1967			Senate		Local
1969	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives
1970							Constitutional convention
1971			Senate		Local
1973								Constitutional (January) Martial law (July)
1975								Executive and legislative powers
1976								Constitutional
1977								Constitutional
1978			Parliament
1980					Local
1981		President						Constitutional (April) Barangay institutionalization (June)
1982						Barangay
1984			Parliament					Constitutional
1986		President & vice president
1987	Legislative		Senate	House of Representatives				Constitutional
1988					Local
1989						Barangay
1992	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives	Local	SK
1994						Barangay
1995	General		Senate	House of Representatives	Local
1996						SK
1997						Barangay
1998	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives	Local
2001	General		Senate	House of Representatives	Local
2002						Barangay & SK
2004	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives	Local
2007	General		Senate	House of Representatives	Local	Barangay & SK
2010	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives	Local	Barangay & SK
2013	General		Senate	House of Representatives	Local	Barangay
2016	General	President & vice president	Senate	House of Representatives	Local	Barangay & SK

Latest elections

The latest presidential and vice presidential elections were held in May 2010. The latest national and local elections are the May 2013 polls, followed in October by barangay elections.

2010 presidential election

 Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine presidential election results

Candidates		Parties	Votes	%
	Benigno Aquino III	Liberal Party	15,208,678	42.08%
	Joseph Estrada	Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Filipino Masses)	9,487,837	26.25%
	Manny Villar	Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party)	5,573,835	15.42%
	Gilberto Teodoro	Lakas Kampi CMD (People Power–Partner of Free Filipinos–Christian Muslim Democrats)	4,095,839	11.33%
	Eddie Villanueva	Bangon Pilipinas Party (Rise Up Philippines)	1,125,878	3.12%
	Richard Gordon	Bagumbayan-VNP (New Nation–Volunteers for a New Philippines)	501,727	1.39%
	Nicanor Perlas	Independent	54,575	0.15%
	Jamby Madrigal	Independent	46,489	0.13%
	John Carlos de los Reyes	Ang Kapatiran (Alliance for the Common Good)	44,244	0.12%
Total			36,139,102	100%
Valid votes			36,139,102	94.73%
	Vetallano Acosta[p 1]	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement)	181,985	0.48%
Invalid votes			2,010,269	5.27%
Votes cast			38,149,371	74.34%
Registered voters			51,292,465

1. Disqualified after the ballots were printed. All of his votes are considered spoiled

2010 vice presidential election

 Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine vice presidential election results

Candidate	Party		Results
			Votes	%
Jejomar Binay		PDP-Laban[v 1]	14,645,574	41.65%
Mar Roxas		Liberal	13,918,490	39.58%
Loren Legarda		NPC[v 2]	4,294,664	12.21%
Bayani Fernando		Bagumbayan-VNP	1,017,631	2.89%
Edu Manzano		Lakas-Kampi	807,728	2.30%
Perfecto Yasay		Bangon Pilipinas	364,652	1.04%
Jay Sonza		KBL	64,230	0.18%
Dominador Chipeco, Jr.		Ang Kapatiran	52,562	0.15%
Total valid votes			35,165,555	92.18%
Total invalid votes			2,983,816	7.82%
Total turnout			38,149,371	74.38%
Registered voters			51,292,555	100.00%

1. Binay is Joseph Estrada's (PMP) guest candidate for vice president.
2. Legarda is Manny Villar's (Nacionalista) guest candidate for vice president.

2013 legislative election

2013 Senate election

 Summary of the May 13, 2013 Philippine Senate election results per party

Party		Popular vote			Breakdown						Seats
		Total	%	Swing	Entered	Up	Not up	Gains	Holds	Losses	Won	End 15th	16th		+/−
													Start	%
	UNA (United Nationalist Alliance)[s 1]	80,257,922	26.97%	11.11%	8	1	2	1	2	0	3	3	5	21%	2
	Nacionalista (Nationalist Party)	45,531,389	15.30%	1.40%	3	3	2	0	3	0	3	5	5	21%
	Liberal (Liberal Party)	33,678,948	11.32%	15.02%	3	1	3	0	1	0	1	4	4	17%
	NPC (Nationalist People's Coalition)	30,204,220	10.15%	5.63%	2	1	1	0	1	0	1	2	2	8%
	LDP (Struggle of Democratic Filipinos)	16,005,564	5.38%	5.38%	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	4%
	PDP-Laban (Philippine Democratic Party – People's Power)	14,725,114	4.95%	2.72%	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	4%
	Akbayan (Akbayan Citizens' Action Party)	10,944,843	3.68%	3.68%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0%
	Bangon Pilipinas (Rise Up, Philippines)	6,932,985	2.33%	0.15%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0%
	Makabayan (Patriotic Coalition of the People)	4,295,151	1.44%	1.44%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0%
	Ang Kapatiran (Alliance for the Common Good)	2,975,641	1.00%	0.16%	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0%
	DPP (Democratic Party of the Philippines)	2,500,967	0.84%	0.84%	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0%
	Social Justice Society	1,240,104	0.42%	0.42%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0%
	Lakas-CMD (People Power-Christian Muslim Democrats)	Not participating				1	2	0	0	0	0	3	2	8%	1
	PRP (People's Reform Party)	Not participating				0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	4%
	Independent	48,332,949	16.24%	8.16%	5	2	0	0	2	0	2	3	3	13%
Vacancy		—	—	—	—	1	0	0	0	1	—	1	0	0%	1
Total votes		297,625,797	N/A		33	12	12	1	10	1	12	24	24	100%
Turnout		40,144,207	75.77%	1.43%
Registered voters		52,982,173	100%	3.24%

1. An electoral alliance of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban) and of the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP), UNA has candidates from both parties, with all running under the UNA banner. However, one candidate is running under the PDP-Laban banner and is not included in these figures. Therefore, figures are as compared from the PMP's 2010 figures.

2013 House of Representatives elections

 Summary of the May 13, 2013 Philippine House of Representatives election results for representatives from congressional districts

Party/coalition			Popular vote			Breakdown						Seats
			Total	%	Swing	Entered	Up	Gains	Holds	Losses	Wins	Elected	%[hd 1]	+/−[hd 2]
		Liberal (Liberal Party)	10,557,265	38.31%	18.38%	160	93	22	84	9	4	109	37.7%	16
		Bukidnon Paglaum (Hope for Bukidnon)	100,405	0.36%	0.36%	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0.3%
		Kusug Agusanon (Progressive Agusan)	71,436	0.26%	0.26%	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0.3%
		KKK (Struggle for Peace, Progress and Justice)	54,425	0.20%	0.16%	2	[hd 3]	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		Akbayan (Akbayan Citizens' Action Party)	34,239	0.12%	0.12%	2	0	1	0	0	1	1	0.0%	1
	Liberal Party coalition		10,817,770	39.22%	19.77%	165	95	22	85	9	4	112	38.6%	17
		UNA (United Nationalist Alliance)	3,140,381	9.31%	9.31%	55	11	3	5	6	0	8	2.7%	3
		PDP-Laban (Philippine Democratic Party – People's Power)	281,320	1.02%	0.29%	13	[hd 4]	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		PMP (Force of the Filipino Masses)	144,030	0.52%	1.98%	11	[hd 5]	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		Template:KABAKA/meta/shortname (Partner of the Nation for Progress)	94,966	0.34%	0.14%	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0.3%
		Magdiwang (Magdiwang Party)	23,253	0.08%	0.06%	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0.3%	1
		1-Cebu (One Cebu)	21,936	0.08%	0.08%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
	United Nationalist Alliance coalition		3,705,886	11.36%	3.55%	82	12	3	7	6	0	10	3.4%	2
		Kambilan (Shield and Fellowship of Kapampangans)	96,433	0.35%	0.35%	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0.3%	1
		Unang Sigaw (First Cry of Nueva Ecija–Party of Change)	94,952	0.35%	0.34%	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0.3%	1
		United Negros Alliance	91,467	0.34%	0.34%	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0.3%
		Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod (Party of the People of the City)	65,324	0.24%	0.24%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		Sulong Zambales (Forward Zambales)	60,280	0.22%	0.22%	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0.0%	1
		PPP (Party of Change for Palawan)	57,485	0.21%	0.21%	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0.3%	1
		BALANE (New Force of Nueva Ecija Party)	39,372	0.14%	0.14%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		Tingog Leytenon (Positive Leyte)	34,025	0.12%	0.13%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		AZAP (Forward Zamboanga Party)	15,881	0.06%	0.06%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		Ompia (Ompia Party)	1,682	0.01%	0.01%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
	Unaffiliated local parties		556,901	2.02%	1.84%	10	2	3	1	1	0	4	1.4%	2
		NPC (Nationalist People's Coalition)	4,800,907	17.36%	1.40%	71	40	4	34	6	4	42	14.4%	2
		NUP (National Unity Party)	2,402,097	8.69%	8.69%	34	30	0	24	6	0	24	8.2%	6
		Nacionalista (Nationalist Party)	2,364,400	8.55%	2.79%	44	20	5	13	7	0	18	6.2%	2
		Lakas (People Power-Christian Muslim Democrats)	1,472,464	5.33%	32.09%	24	18	0	13	5	1	14	4.8%	4
		Aksyon (Democratic Action)	97,982	0.35%	0.09%	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		KBL (New Society Movement)	94,484	0.34%	0.12%	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0.3%
		LDP (Struggle of the Democratic Filipinos)	90,070	0.33%	0.15%	4	1	1	1	0	0	2	0.7%	1
		CDP (Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines)	68,281	0.25%	0.25%	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0.3%
		Ang Kapatiran (Aliance for the Common Good)	19,019	0.07%	0.06%	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		PMM (Workers' and Farmers' Party)	10,396	0.04%	2.59%	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		PLM (Party of the Laboring Masses)	10,196	0.04%	0.04%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		Makabayan (Patriotic Coalition of the People)	3,870	0.01%	0.01%	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		DPP (Democratic Party of the Philippines)	1,071	0.00%	0.00%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
		Independent	1,665,324	6.02%	0.93%	172	4	4	1	3	1	6	2.1%	2
Vacancy			—	—	—	—	5	0	0	5	—	0	0.0%	5
Total			27,584,741	100%	N/A	628	229	44	180	44	10	234	80.1%	5
Valid votes			27,584,741	About 8.3 million votes are not included as they weren't included in the Transparency server. It is unknown which of those are valid or invalid votes.
Invalid votes			4,148,957
Turnout			40,144,207	75.77%	1.43
Registered voters (without overseas voters)			52,014,648	100%	2.54%

1. Of all 292 House members, including party-list representatives.
2. From last composition of the 15th Congress.
3. All incumbent KKK representatives are co-nominated by the Liberal Party.
4. All incumbent PDP-Laban representatives are running under the United Nationalist Alliance.
5. All incumbent PMP representatives are running under the United Nationalist Alliance.

 Summary of the May 13, 2013 Philippine House of Representatives election results for party-list representatives^[2]

Party	Popular vote			Seats
	Total	%	Swing	Up	Won	+/−
Buhay	1,270,608	4.60%	0.33%	2	3	1
A TEACHER	1,042,863	3.77%	1.66%	2	2
Bayan Muna	954,724	3.46%	0.90%	2	2
1-CARE	934,915	3.38%	0.75%	2	2
Akbayan	829,149	3.00%	0.62%	2	2
Abono	768,265	2.78%	0.16%	2	2
AKB	763,316	2.76%	2.44%	3	2	1
OFW Family	752,229	2.72%	2.72%	0	2	2
GABRIELA	715,250	2.59%	0.84%	2	2
Senior Citizens	679,168	2.46%	1.96%	1[p 1]	2	1
Coop-NATCCO	642,005	2.32%	0.90%	2	2
AGAP	592,463	2.14%	0.38%	1	2	1
CIBAC	584,906	2.12%	0.11%	2	2
Magdalo	567,426	2.05%	2.05%	0	2	2
An Waray	541,205	1.96%	0.47%	2	2
ABAMIN	466,114	1.69%	0.40%	1	1
ACT Teachers	454,346	1.64%	0.37%	1	1
Butil	439,557	1.59%	0.14%	1	1
AMIN	382,267	1.38%	0.83%	0	1	1
ACT-CIS	377,165	1.37%	1.37%	0	1	1
Kalinga	372,383	1.35%	0.56%	1	1
LPGMA	370,897	1.34%	0.09%	1	1
TUCP	369,286	1.34%	0.50%	1	1
YACAP	366,621	1.33%	0.18%	1	1
AGRI	366,170	1.33%	1.16%	0	1	1
ANGKLA	360,497	1.30%	1.30%	0	1	1
ABS	359,587	1.30%	0.42%	1	1
DIWA	341,820	1.24%	0.42%	1	1
Kabataan	341,292	1.24%	0.19%	1	1
Anakpawis	321,745	1.16%	0.37%	1	1
Alay Buhay	317,355	1.15%	0.59%	1	1
AAMBIS-Owa	312,312	1.13%	0.09%	1	1
1-SAGIP	287,739	1.04%	1.04%	0	1	1
AVE	270,431	0.98%	0.24%	1	1
ATING Koop	267,763	0.97%	0.37%	1	1
Abang Lingkod	260,923	0.94%	0.83%	0	1	1
1-BAP	245,529	0.89%	0.89%	0	1	1
ABAKADA	244,754	0.89%	0.56%	0	1	1
AMA	244,026	0.88%	0.67%	0	1	1
Ang Nars	243,360	0.88%	0.88%	0	1	1
ANAC-IP	241,505	0.87%	0.87%	0	1	1
Agbiag!	240,841	0.87%	0.03%	1	1
Append	236,353	0.86%	0.86%	0	1	1
ALIF	223,857	0.81%	0.03%	1	0	1
Ating Guro	214,080	0.77%	0.77%	0	0
PBA	212,298	0.77%	0.11%	1	0	1
Aangat Tayo	207,855	0.75%	0.14%	1	0	1
Ang Kasangga	202,456	0.73%	0.28%	1	0	1
BH	190,001	0.69%	0.31%	1	0	1
KAKUSA	175,096	0.63%	0.17%	1	0	1
PISTON	174,976	0.63%	0.63%	0	0
Bayani	165,906	0.60%	0.34%	0	0
AKMA-PTM	165,784	0.60%	0.04%	0	0
ADA	164,702	0.60%	0.50%	0	0
1-AALALAY	162,552	0.59%	0.59%	0	0
Abante Retirees	161,915	0.59%	0.59%	0	0
Katribu	153,844	0.56%	0.17%	0	0
ALE	153,616	0.56%	0.56%	0	0
1JAMG	153,072	0.55%	0.25%	0	0
ABROAD	150,854	0.55%	0.03%	1	0	1
VFP	148,591	0.54%	0.01%	0	0
APEC	146,392	0.53%	0.54%	1	0	1
Pasang Masda	134,944	0.49%	0.37%	0	0
1 ang Pamilya	131,954	0.48%	0.26%	1	0	1
AGHAM	130,694	0.47%	0.36%	1	0	1
Ang Prolife	129,989	0.47%	0.47%	0	0
PACYAW	123,791	0.45%	0.04%	0	0
1-UTAK	123,489	0.45%	0.30%	1	0	1
1-LAMBAT	119,505	0.43%	0.43%	0	0
1-PABAHAY	117,516	0.43%	0.43%	0	0
Akap Bata	116,837	0.42%	0.05%	0	0
Abante KA	111,625	0.40%	0.31%	0	0
FIRM 24-K	103,316	0.37%	0.04%	0	0
ABA	102,021	0.37%	0.10%	0	0
Ang Ladlad	100,958	0.37%	0.02%	0	0
AANI	93,581	0.34%	0.14%	0	0
AA-KASOSYO	88,603	0.32%	0.27%	1	0	1
1BRO-PGBI	87,247	0.32%	0.32%	0	0
PWD	86,854	0.31%	0.31%	0	0
Sanlakas	86,145	0.31%	0.31%	0	0
ATM	81,378	0.29%	0.20%	0	0
AKO	80,398	0.29%	0.02%	0	0
ADAM	77,206	0.28%	0.06%	0	0
ARAL	76,838	0.28%	0.14%	0	0
KAAKBAY	71,534	0.26%	0.29%	0	0
ANG MINERO	67,807	0.25%	0.12%	0	0
ALIM	65,119	0.24%	0.06%	0	0
AASENSO	65,095	0.24%	0.24%	0	0
1-AAMOVER	59,844	0.22%	0.22%	0	0
AMA	58,886	0.21%	0.21%	0	0
1GANAP/Guardians	58,406	0.21%	0.20%	0	0
AKO BAHAY	51,806	0.19%	0.01%	0	0
Migrante	51,431	0.19%	0.19%	0	0
Alyansa ng OFW	51,069	0.18%	0.13%	0	0
UMALAB KA	45,492	0.16%	0.16%	0	0
ARC	45,120	0.16%	0.04%	0	0
ABP	44,324	0.16%	0.03%	0	0
A BLESSED	43,829	0.16%	0.05%	0	0
AAMA	42,853	0.16%	0.01%	0	0
ADING	42,819	0.15%	0.15%	0	0
ARARO	41,257	0.15%	0.35%	0	0
UNI-MAD	41,023	0.15%	0.05%	0	0
AMOR Seaman	40,955	0.15%	0.15%	0	0
MTM PHILS	40,218	0.15%	0.15%	0	0
AWAT Mindanao	39,206	0.14%	0.01%	0	0
Green Force	30,581	0.11%	0.04%	0	0
Agila	29,739	0.11%	0.25%	0	0
AMS	27,883	0.10%	0.04%	0	0
Alagad	27,400	0.10%	0.68%	1	0	1
AFPSEGCO	24,369	0.09%	0.04%	0	0
KLBP	21,900	0.08%	0.09%	0	0
1-ABILIDAD	19,381	0.07%	0.07%	0	0
ALLUMAD	7,642	0.03%	0.01%	0	0
Vacancy	—	—	—	1[p 1]	—	1
Valid votes	27,630,854	68.83%	8.00%	57	58*	1
ANAD	201,050	—		1	0	1
BINHI	185,987	—		0	0
BANTAY	113,989	—		0	0
COCOFED	103,626	—		0	0
Atong Paglaum	95,490	—		0	0
1ST KABAGIS	94,651	—		0	0
SMART	84,803	—		0	0
KAP	57,152	—		0	0
A-IPRA	28,263	—		0	0
AG	4,259	—		1	0	1
Invalid and blank votes	12,513,353	31.17%	8.00%
Total turnout	40,144,207	77.19%	2.85%
Registered voters	52,006,910	100%	1.33%

*2 seats still to be decided; while the Senior Citizens party-list has been approved its registration, its nominees had not yet been proclaimed due to an ongoing dispute on two sets of nominees.

1. Senior Citizens originally had two representatives. When one of the Senior Citizens representatives resigned, the Commission on Elections refused to elevate the next person on the list as an elected representative after it was revealed to be a part of a term-sharing agreement which the commission prohibited.

2013 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao general election

2013 gubernatorial elections

2013 local elections

2013 barangay elections

See also

• Timeline of Philippine elections
• Electoral calendar
• Electoral system
• President of the Philippines
• Vice President of the Philippines
• Congress of the Philippines
• Senate of the Philippines
• House of Representatives of the Philippines
• Commission on Elections

References

1. Quezon, Manuel III (2006-11-20). "Block voting". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2010-12-10.
2. "List of Candidates With Votes Obtained for Partylist". COMELEC.gov.ph. 2015-06-01. Retrieved 2015-06-20.

External links

• Official website of the Commission on Elections

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