Tom Carper

Tom Carper
United States Senator from Delaware
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 2001 Serving with Chris Coons
Preceded by	Bill Roth
Chairperson of the Senate Homeland Security Committee
In office January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2015
Preceded by	Joe Lieberman
Succeeded by	Ron Johnson
71st Governor of Delaware
In office January 19, 1993 – January 3, 2001
Lieutenant	Ruth Ann Minner
Preceded by	Dale Wolf
Succeeded by	Ruth Ann Minner
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Delaware's At-large district
In office January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1993
Preceded by	Thomas Evans
Succeeded by	Michael Castle
Treasurer of Delaware
In office January 18, 1977 – January 3, 1983
Governor	Pete du Pont
Preceded by	Mary Jornlin
Succeeded by	Janet Rzewnicki
Personal details
Born	Thomas Richard Carper January 23, 1947 Beckley, West Virginia, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Diane Beverly Isaacs (1978–1983) Martha Ann Stacy (1985–present)
Alma mater	Ohio State University University of Delaware, Newark
Religion	Presbyterianism
Website	Senate website
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	United States Navy
Years of service	1968–1991
Rank	Captain
Unit	Naval Flight Officer Navy Reserve
Battles/wars	Vietnam War

Thomas Richard "Tom" Carper (born January 23, 1947) is the senior United States Senator from Delaware, serving since 2001. A member of the Democratic Party, Carper served in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 1993 and was the 71st Governor of Delaware from 1993 to 2001.

A native of Danville, Virginia, Carper graduated from Ohio State University. Serving as a Naval Flight Officer in the U.S. Navy from 1968 until 1973, he flew the P-3 Orion as a Tactical Coordinator/Mission Commander^[1] and saw active duty in the Vietnam War. After leaving the active duty Navy, he remained in the U.S. Naval Reserve for another 18 years and eventually retired with the rank of Captain (O-6). Upon receiving his MBA from the University of Delaware in 1975, Carper went to work for the State of Delaware in its economic development office. He was elected State Treasurer, serving from 1977 to 1983 and leading the development of Delaware's first cash management system.

Encouraged by local politicians, Carper successfully ran for Delaware's only seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982. He served five terms in the House, where he chaired the Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization. In 1992 he arranged a swap with term-limited Governor Michael Castle, and the two were easily elected to each other's seats. Carper governed for two terms as a moderate, business-oriented New Democrat, following the lead of the two previous Republican governors. He successfully prevented the closing of a General Motors automobile plant and won a bid for the headquarters of pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca. He led a tax-reduction campaign and helped improve the state's credit rating from among the worst in the nation to an excellent AAA. He pushed for standards-based education, among other reforms.

Carper was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2000, beating Republican incumbent William V. Roth, Jr.. He was re-elected by landslides in 2006 and 2012. As senator, he serves as one of four Deputy Democratic Whips, serves as the ranking member of the Senate Homeland Security Committee and also serves on the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works and the Senate Committee on Finance. Carper is currently the dean of the Delaware congressional delegation.

Early years and personal life

Carper was born in Beckley, West Virginia, the son of Mary Jean (née Patton) and Wallace Richard Carper. He grew up in Danville, Virginia and graduated from Whetstone High School in Columbus, Ohio. He then graduated from the Ohio State University in 1968, where he was a midshipman in the Naval ROTC and earned a degree in economics. At Ohio State, Carper became a member of the Beta Phi Chapter of the Delta Tau Delta Fraternity.

Serving as a Naval Flight Officer in the U.S. Navy from 1968 until 1973, he served three tours of duty in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War. He remained in the U.S. Naval Reserve as a P-3 aircraft mission commander for another 18 years and retired with the rank of Captain (O-6).^[2] Meanwhile, he moved to Delaware and earned a MBA from the University of Delaware in 1975. After which he went to work for the economic development office for the State of Delaware. Carper has been married twice, first in 1978, to Diane Beverly Isaacs, a former Miss Delaware, who had two children by a previous marriage. Following a 1983 divorce, he married Martha Ann Stacy in 1985, and with her he had two children, Christopher and Benjamin (who is an employee at Morgan Stanley). They are members of Westminster Presbyterian Church in Wilmington, Delaware.

Professional and early political career

While in college at the Ohio State University, Carper worked on the presidential campaign of U.S. Senator Eugene McCarthy, the Minnesota peace candidate. In Delaware he worked as the campaign treasurer for University of Delaware professor James R. Soles in his unsuccessful 1974 bid for the U.S. House of Representatives.

After receiving his MBA degree in 1975, Carper went to work for the State of Delaware's economic development office. In 1976, after developing good relationships with members of the state party leadership, he took out a $5,000 personal loan to fund his campaign for the Treasurer of Delaware. After convincing the party leaders, and later the voters, that he was the right person to be Delaware State Treasurer, he defeated the favored Republican Party candidate, Theodore Jones. He served three terms, from January 18, 1977 through January 3, 1983, during which time he oversaw the development of Delaware's first cash management system.

U.S. House of Representatives

Carper during his time in the House of Representatives

It took a considerable amount of persuasion on the part of U.S. Senator Joe Biden and others to convince Carper to leave his obscure, but safe, position as Treasurer and compete for Delaware's only seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982. Thomas B. Evans, Jr., the incumbent Republican, was running again, and although he had been caught in a compromising "association" on a golfing trip with the young lobbyist Paula Parkinson, he was still a formidable and well-connected politician.

The campaign was going well for Carper until three weeks before Election Day, when the New York Post published an article claiming that the "dirtiest campaign in the country is being waged in tiny Delaware." Retelling the well-known story of Evans' golfing trip, it went on to accuse Carper of abusing his wife and stepchildren. But the story actually ended up working to Carper's political advantage when suspicions spread that the allegations had been planted by an Evans supporter and when public opinion seemed to conclude that the allegations were inappropriately exploiting a private issue.^[3]

Carper went on to serve five terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. He won his second term in 1984, by defeating Elise R.W. du Pont, the wife of former Governor Pierre S. du Pont, IV. He then enjoyed easy victories over Republicans Thomas S. Neuberger in 1986, James P. Krapf in 1988 and Ralph O. Williams in 1990. A U.S. Representative, he was a member of the U.S. House Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs and the U.S House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. He chaired the House Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization. In these positions he worked to allow banks into the securities business and to discourage the dumping of sludge into the ocean.

During his years in the U.S. House of Representatives Carper sought to gain better control of the Democratic Party organization in Delaware in hopes of someday becoming Governor. Heavily Democratic and with over half of the population of the state, New Castle County was the key. Its Democratic organization was controlled by Eugene T. Reed, a former ironworker, and an old-time political party boss who was then among several politicians in both parties implicated in illegal money raising practices. To address this corruption and rescue the reputation of the Democratic Party, Carper recruited Joseph E. Reardon, a DuPont Company chemist, as a candidate for New Castle County Democratic Party chairman. By early 1989, he had succeeded in getting Reardon elected, and Reardon replaced Reed at the head of a newly reformed party organization. In 1990 Carper faced a primary challenge from a Reed ally, Daniel D. Rappa, but crushed him convincingly and went on to win election to his fifth term as U.S. Representative.

Governor of Delaware

In the small and intimate political community of Delaware important decisions are often made by a consensus of leaders from both parties. So it was in 1992, when popular incumbent (Republican) Governor Michael Castle was forced to retire owing to term limits. The result was what became known as "the Swap." Castle ran for Carper's seat in the U.S. House of Representatives and Carper ran for Governor. Neither faced any significant opposition and Delaware retained the services of two very popular office holders representing both major parties.

Thus, in 1992, Carper was elected Governor of Delaware, defeating the Republican candidate, B. Gary Scott. He ended up serving two terms. As a moderate, business oriented Democrat who followed two very competent and popular Republican administrations, those of Pierre S. du Pont, IV and Castle, Carper chose to govern in much the same way they had over their combined 16 years in office, adding to the mix his special interest in and talent for economic development and business recruitment. Two particular successes were his prevention of the closure of the General Motors automobile operation near Newport, Delaware and the state's victory in the competition with Pennsylvania for the location of the headquarters of the pharmaceutical giant, AstraZeneca.

Continuing du Pont's tax cutting policies, Carper led an ongoing effort to reduce income tax rates, eliminate the marriage penalty and estate tax, cut the public utility tax, and eliminate the gross receipts tax for many small businesses. By doing so, his administration improved the state's credit rating from among the worst in the nation to an excellent "AAA". He also retained Castle's standards-based education programs, raising standards, testing students, and pushing through a teacher accountability bill. Other programs included a fully funded Head Start program and the creation of a prescription-drug benefit for seniors.

Carper's independent, New Democrat approach made him popular among voters, but caused grumbling among old line Democrats, particularly union leaders, who complained that not enough of them were being awarded patronage jobs after the many years of Republican control.^[4] In an era of increasingly bitter, partisan politics, Carper's actions and policies placed him at the political center, in keeping with Delaware's consensus style of governing.

The most poignant event during this period was the murder of Carper's personal scheduler, Anne Marie Fahey, and the eventual conviction of Thomas J. Capano for the crime. Capano was a wealthy, well-connected lawyer, known to nearly everyone in Delaware's political community. Fahey, an attractive 30-year-old member of another well-known family, was attempting to end a romantic relationship with the married Capano, when he murdered her and dumped her body in the Atlantic Ocean. U.S. Attorney Colm F. Connolly built the case against Capano, who was tried and convicted, then sentenced by Delaware Superior Court Judge William Swain Lee.

As a tribute to Fahey, who had been a youth mentor, then-Governor Carper also became a mentor, and began actively promoting mentoring programs throughout Delaware's business community. As a result, by the end of his last term, Delaware held the highest per-capita ratio of youth mentors in the country. Carper also established the Delaware Mentoring Council to help sustain this important legacy.

Delaware General Assembly (sessions while Governor)
Year	Assembly		Senate Majority	President pro tempore		House Majority	Speaker
1993–1994	137th		Democratic	Richard S. Cordrey		Republican	Terry R. Spence
1995–1996	138th		Democratic	Richard S. Cordrey		Republican	Terry R. Spence
1997–1998	139th		Democratic	Thomas B. Sharp		Republican	Terry R. Spence
1999–2000	140th		Democratic	Thomas B. Sharp		Republican	Terry R. Spence

United States Senate

Elections

2000

Carper in his early Senate career

The elections of 2000 promised to bring a change in Delaware's political lineup. For 16 years, the same four people had held the four major statewide positions - Carper and his fellow Democrat Senator Joe Biden and Republicans U.S. Representative Michael Castle and Senator William V. Roth, Jr.. Because of gubernatorial term limits, Carper had to retire from the post. He wanted to run for the Senate against the incumbent Roth. Roth would not retire voluntarily and fellow Republican Castle would not force him into a primary. Carper declared his candidacy in September 1999^[5] and in a contest between two popular and respected politicians, the issue seemed to be Roth's age; Roth was seventy-nine, versus Carper's relative youth. Although Roth started the campaign with a 2-to-1 spending advantage, Carper went into the final month with more than $1 million on hand.^[6] Carper defeated Roth by almost twelve points, 55.5% to 43.7%. Roth received more votes than Presidential candidate George W. Bush, however, suggesting that the strength of the Democratic turnout was a boon to Carper's candidacy and a key factor in his victory. Analysts considered Roth's defeat was due to age, especially as he collapsed at a campaign event.^[7]

2006

Carper sought re-election to a second term in 2006. He was unopposed in the Democratic primary and faced off against Republican candidate Jan C. Ting. Ting was a professor of law who had narrowly beaten airline pilot Michael D. Protack in the Republican primary. Carper was easily re-elected in a landslide win, beating Ting 67% to 27%.

2012

As the 2012 election cycle began, a Super PAC was created to oppose Carper's re-election campaign. The Hill quoted Patrick Davis, the custodian of records and agent for Renew Delaware as saying "Tom Carper has served in the United States Senate for a long time and has been part of the downturn in our economy." Delaware Politics noted that the election would be costly for the Republican candidate and that the popular Carper was heavily favoured to win a third term in office.^[8] Spokesperson Emily Spain was quoted in The Hill saying Carper has been successful in his previous campaigns "because he works hard, takes nothing for granted, and puts the needs and interests of Delaware first."^[9] Carper won the Democratic primary with 88% of the vote and faced off against the only Republican candidate who filed for the race, businessman Kevin Wade. Carper was re-elected in another landslide, beating Wade 66.4% to 29%.

Tenure and political positions

He served with the Democratic minority in the 108th and 109th Congresses, and was part of the Democratic majority in the 110th Congress. At the beginning of the 107th Congress, the Democratic Party was in the minority, but later held the majority. Carper is a member of the moderate Democratic Leadership Council (DLC), of which he currently serves as Vice-Chairman. In December 2004, Carper became a part of the Senate Democratic Leadership. As a member of a four-person "Executive Committee", he is one of four deputy whips. David Broder of the Washington Post has called Carper "a notably effective and non-partisan leader, admired and trusted on both sides of the aisle."

Carper voted for the Budget Control Act, against cut, cap and balance, for debt increase, for debt ceiling increase, for debt limit increase, for the stimulus, for TARP, for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, for SCHIP, for DREAM, and for Immigration Reform Act of 2006.^[10] He joined in the unsuccessful attempt to tie the Bush administration tax cuts to deficit reduction and has supported additional funding for school choice programs and charter schools. He has also sought additional funding for railroad projects and for rail security. He strongly supported legislation to limit class action lawsuits and to restrict personal bankruptcy. In addition, he is a strong proponent of free trade. Carper proposed the creation of a National Park in Delaware, the Coastal Heritage Park, in four locations along the Delaware River and Delaware Bay. In January 2009 Carper briefly chaired a Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works hearing on the Tennessee Valley Authority's coal ash spill in Kingston, Tennessee.

In 2012, Carper sponsored a bill, eventually passed and signed into law, that required government agencies to identify $125 billion in expected waste and fraud.^[11]

Coburn and Pilon criticized him for waiting until the end of the Congressional session to hold a hearing on the statehood of Washington D.C.

Unlike most senators, who maintain residences in both Washington, D.C., and in their home state, Carper commutes more than 100 miles by train from his home in Wilmington to the United States Capitol. Carper says this arrangement has helped his family live a normal life despite his demanding, high-profile job.^[12] On 12 May 2015, he narrowly escaped injury when the train he took home derailed and crashed in Philadelphia shortly after he deboarded.^[13]

Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act

Carper co-wrote the "Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010"^[14] introduced on June 19, 2010, by Senator Joe Lieberman (Senator Susan Collins is the third co-author of this bill). If signed into law, this controversial bill, which the American media dubbed the "Kill switch bill", would grant the President emergency powers over the Internet. All three co-authors of the bill, however, issued a statement claiming that instead, the bill "[narrowed] existing broad Presidential authority to take over telecommunications networks".^[15] Carper was quoted as saying that the bill “would create a National Center for Cybersecurity and Communications in the Department of Homeland Security, with a Senate-confirmed director to oversee security of the federal government’s computer networks. The center would also identify vulnerabilities and help secure key private networks – like utilities and communications systems – that, if attacked or commandeered by a foreign power or cyberterrorists, could result in the crippling of our economy.”^[16]

Credit-card amendment

In May 2010, Carper introduced an amendment to limit state regulators from enforcing consumer regulations on national banks and their subsidiaries. It would also remove a Senate legislative measure requiring the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to find a 'substantive standard' on regulation, before the office could move to preempt. The White House opposed Carper's amendment. The amendment passed by a vote of 80–18; some critics described the vote as a victory for the credit card industry and other financial institutions. Financial institutions stated the law allow will save the consumer from the costs of more regulations.^[17]

Gas tax

Carper and George Voinovich of Ohio proposed a 25-cent raise in the federal gasoline tax; 10 cents would go to pay down the debt and the rest toward improving the nation's infrastructure. The measure was proposed in November 2010.^[18] The measure did not pass.

Postal bailout bill

On May 14, 2011, the Wall Street Journal criticized a postal-bailout bill co-sponsored by Carper and Susan Collins of Maine. The bill would give $50–$75 billion to USPS, and would underwrite pension obligations for retired postal workers. The bailout would cost three times the savings of the 2011 federal budget.^[19]

Jobs bill

On September 21, 2011, The Wall Street Journal noted that President Obama's job-creation plans were drawing resistance from Senate Democrats. The article quoted Carper as saying, “I think the best jobs bill that can be passed is a comprehensive long-term deficit-reduction plan. That's better than everything else the president is talking about combined.”^[20]

Minimum wage

In April 2014, the United States Senate debated the Minimum Wage Fairness Act (S. 1737; 113th Congress). The bill would amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) to increase the federal minimum wage for employees to $10.10 per hour over the course of a two-year period.^[21] The bill was strongly supported by President Barack Obama and many of the Democratic Senators, but strongly opposed by Republicans in the Senate and House.^[22][23][24] Carper said that he preferred legislation that would have a greater chance of becoming law, such as an increase to only $9 an hour.^[23]

Committee assignments

• Committee on Environment and Public Works
  • Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure (**Subcommittee on Green Jobs and the New Economy
  • Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety
  • Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife
• Committee on Finance
  • Subcommittee on Health Care
  • Subcommittee on Taxation, IRS Oversight, and Long-Term Growth
  • Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure
• Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (Ranking Member)
  • As ranking member of the full committee, Sen. Carper is an ex officio member of all subcommittees

Caucus membership

Senate Oceans Caucus

Almanac

Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. The Governor and State Treasurer take office the third Tuesday of January. The Governor has a four-year term and the State Treasurer had a two-year term at this time. U.S. Representatives take office January 3 and have a two-year term. U.S. Senators also take office January 3, but have a six-year term.

Public Offices
Office	Type	Location	Began office	Ended office	notes
State Treasurer	Executive	Dover	January 18, 1977	January 16, 1979
State Treasurer	Executive	Dover	January 16, 1979	January 20, 1981
State Treasurer	Executive	Dover	January 20, 1981	January 3, 1983	resigned
U.S. Representative	Legislature	Washington	January 3, 1983	January 3, 1985
U.S. Representative	Legislature	Washington	January 3, 1985	January 3, 1987
U.S. Representative	Legislature	Washington	January 3, 1987	January 3, 1989
U.S. Representative	Legislature	Washington	January 3, 1989	January 3, 1991
U.S. Representative	Legislature	Washington	January 3, 1991	January 3, 1993
Governor	Executive	Dover	January 19, 1993	January 21, 1997
Governor	Executive	Dover	January 21, 1997	January 3, 2001	resigned
U.S. Senator	Legislative	Washington	January 3, 2001	January 3, 2007
U.S. Senator	Legislative	Washington	January 3, 2007	January 3, 2013

United States Congressional service
Dates	Congress	Chamber	Majority	President	Committees	Class/District
1983–1984	98th	U.S. House	Democratic	Ronald W. Reagan	Financial Services, Fisheries	at-large
1985–1986	99th	U.S. House	Democratic	Ronald W. Reagan	Financial Services, Fisheries	at-large
1987–1988	100th	U.S. House	Democratic	Ronald W. Reagan	Financial Services, Fisheries	at-large
1989–1990	101st	U.S. House	Democratic	George H. W. Bush	Financial Services, Fisheries	at-large
1991–1992	102nd	U.S. House	Democratic	George H. W. Bush	Financial Services, Fisheries	at-large
2001–2002	107th	U.S. Senate	Democratic	George W. Bush	Banking, Environment, Homeland Security, Aging	class 1
2003–2004	108th	U.S. Senate	Republican	George W. Bush	Banking, Environment, Homeland Security, Aging	class 1
2005–2006	109th	U.S. Senate	Republican	George W. Bush	Banking, Environment, Homeland Security, Aging	class 1
2007–2009	110th	U.S. Senate	Democratic	George W. Bush	Banking, Commerce, Environment, Homeland Security, Aging	class 1
2009–2011	111th	U.S. Senate	Democratic	Barack Obama	Environment, Finance, Homeland Security	class 1

Election results
Year	Office	Election		Subject	Party	Votes	%		Opponent	Party	Votes	%
1976	State Treasurer	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	118,159	56%		T. Theodore Jones	Republican	92,472	43%
1978	State Treasurer	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	91,809	59%		Rita Justice	Republican	63,011	40%
1980	State Treasurer	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	125,204	59%		Lynn Jankus	Republican	83,446	40%
1982	U.S. Representative	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	98,533	52%		Thomas B. Evans, Jr.	Republican	87,153	46%
1984	U.S. Representative	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	142,070	58%		Elise R.W. du Pont	Republican	100,650	41%
1986	U.S. Representative	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	106,351	66%		Thomas S. Neuberger	Republican	53,767	33%
1988	U.S. Representative	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	158,338	68%		James P. Krapf	Republican	76,179	32%
1990	U.S. Representative	Primary		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	24,557	90%		Daniel D. Rappa	Democratic	2,676	10%
1990	U.S. Representative	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	116,274	66%		Ralph O. Williams	Republican	58,037	33%
1992	Governor	Primary		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	36,600	89%		Daniel D. Rappa	Democratic	4,434	11%
1992	Governor	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	179,268	66%		B. Gary Scott	Republican	90,747	34%
1996	Governor	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	188,300	70%		Janet C. Rzewnicki	Republican	82,654	30%
2000	U.S. Senator	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	181,566	56%		William V. Roth, Jr.	Republican	142,891	44%
2006	U.S. Senator	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	170,567	70%		Jan C. Ting	Republican	69,734	29%
2012	U.S. Senator	General		Thomas R. Carper	Democratic	265,374	66%		Kevin Wade	Republican	115,694	29%

Notes

1. "Navy Submarine to Bear Delaware's Name," Wilmington (Delaware) News Journal, 19 Nov 2012
2. http://carper.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography-and-pictures
3. Cohen, Celia. Only in Delaware, Politics and Politicians in the First State. pp. 293–295.
4. Cohen, Celia. Only in Delaware, Politics and Politicians in the First State.
5. CNN http://articles.cnn.com/1999-09-21/politics/senate.2000_delaware.senate_1_delaware-governor-sixth-senate-term-delaware-residents?_s=PM:ALLPOLITICS. Missing or empty |title= (help)
6. Wilkie, Curtis (26 October 2000). "In Tight Race, Health Issues Dog Delaware's Roth". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
7. . November 8, 2000 http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB7368E419B47F9&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Missing or empty |title= (help)
8. Chris Slavens (Jul 26, 2011). "Kevin Wade vs. Tom Carper?". DelawarePolitics.net. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
9. Rachel Leven (10/14/11). "Super PAC opposing Sen. Tom Carper registers with FEC". The Hill. Retrieved 21 April 2012. Check date values in: |date= (help)
10. "Political positions for Thomas Carper". Retrieved 27 March 2012.
11. Almanac of American Politics. 2012. p. 344. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
12. Ann Manser. "UD Messenger Volume 10, Number 3".
13. "Amtrak train derails killing 6 people; investigation begins". msn.com. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
14. http://hsgac.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=4ee63497-ca5b-4a4b-9bba-04b7f4cb0123|pdf
15. Senators Say Cybersecurity Bill Has No 'Kill Switch', informationweek.com, June 24, 2010. Retrieved on June 25, 2010.
16. SEN. JOE LIEBERMAN & SEN. SUSAN COLLINS & SEN. TOM CARPER (6/10/10). "We must 'arm' cyberspace battlefront". Retrieved 2 April 2012. Check date values in: |date= (help)
17. Silla Brush. "White House fights back against Carper amendment to Wall Street reform bill". TheHill.com. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
18. JOHN COLLINS RUDOLF (November 11, 2010). "On Our Radar: A Proposed Gas Tax Increase". New York Times. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
19. Kenneth Schortgen Jr (May 16, 2011). "Congress looking at new bill to bail out postal workers". Examiner.com. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
20. "Do-Nothing Democrats?". WSJ.com. September 21, 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
21. "S. 1737 - Summary". United States Congress. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
22. Sink, Justin (2 April 2014). "Obama: Congress has 'clear choice' on minimum wage". The Hill. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
23. Bolton, Alexander (8 April 2014). "Reid punts on minimum-wage hike". The Hill. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
24. Bolton, Alexander (4 April 2014). "Centrist Republicans cool to minimum wage hike compromise". The Hill. Retrieved 9 April 2014.

References

• Barone, Michael; Richard E. Cohen (2005). Almanac of American Politics. Washington: National Journal Group. ISBN 0-89234-112-2.
• Hoffecker, Carol E. (2004). Democracy in Delaware. Wilmington, Delaware: Cedar Tree Books. ISBN 1-892142-23-6.
• Boyer, William W. (2000). Governing Delaware. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 1-892142-23-6.
• Cohen, Celia (2002). Only in Delaware, Politics and Politicians in the First State. Newark, Delaware: Grapevine Publishing.

External links

• Senator Tom Carper official U.S. Senate site
• Tom Carper for Senate
• Tom Carper at DMOZ
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Profile at Project Vote Smart
• Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
• Legislation sponsored at The Library of Congress
• Profile at Delaware’s Governors
• Profile at The Political Graveyard
• Board member profile at Jobs for America’s Graduates
• Military profile at Experiencing War, Library of Congress