88th United States Congress

88th United States Congress


87th ←	→ 89th
United States Capitol (1962)
Duration: January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1965

Senate President:	Lyndon B. Johnson (until Nov 22, 1963) Vacant (from Nov 22, 1963)
Senate Pres. pro tem:	Carl Hayden
House Speaker:	John W. McCormack
Members:	100 Senators 435 Representatives
Senate Majority:	Democratic Party
House Majority:	Democratic Party

Sessions
1st: January 9, 1963 – December 30, 1963 2nd: January 7, 1964 – October 3, 1964

The Eighty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1963 to January 3, 1965, during the last year of the administration of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, and the first administration of his successor, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighteenth Census of the United States in 1960, and the number of members was again 435 (had temporarily been 437 in order to seat one member each from recently admitted states of Alaska and Hawaii). Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

Major events

Main articles: 1963 § Events and 1964 § Events

November 22, 1963: Lyndon B. Johnson became President of the United States on the death of President John Kennedy.
March 30 – June 10, 1964: The longest filibuster in the history of the Senate was waged against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, with 57 days of debate over a 73-day period. It ended when the Senate voted 71–29 to invoke cloture, with the filibuster carried out by southern members of the Democratic Party, the first successful cloture motion on a civil rights bill.^[1]^[2]^[3]
August 2–4, 1964: Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 88th United States Congress

First page of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

President Johnson signs the Wilderness Act of 1964

June 10, 1963: Equal Pay Act, Pub.L. 88–38
October 17, 1963: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, Pub.L. 88–149
October 31, 1963: Community Mental Health Centers Act, Pub.L. 88–164, title II, including Mental Retardation Facilities Construction Act
December 17, 1963: Clean Air Act, Pub.L. 88–206
July 2, 1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964, Pub.L. 88–352
July 9, 1964: Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 (Federal Transit Act), Pub.L. 88–365
August 7, 1964: Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Pub.L. 88–408
August 20, 1964: Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, Pub.L. 88–452
August 31, 1964: Food Stamp Act of 1964, Pub.L. 88–525
September 3, 1964: Wilderness Act, Pub.L. 88–577
September 4, 1964: Nurse Training Act, Pub.L. 88–581
1964: Library Services and Construction Act

Party summary

Composition of the Senate at the start of the 88th Congress

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80.1-100% Democratic	80.1-100% Republican
60.1-80% Democratic	60.1-80% Republican
≤ 60% Democratic	≤ 60% Republican

Senate

	Party (Shading shows control)		Total	Vacant

	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)
End of the previous congress	62	37	99	1

Begin	64	34	98	2
End	65	35	100	0
Final voting share	7001650000000000000♠65.0%	7001350000000000000♠35.0%

Beginning of the next congress	68	32	100	0

House of Representatives

	Party (Shading shows control)		Total	Vacant

	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)
End of the previous congress	262	172	434	3

Begin	258	176	434	1
End	255	177	432	3
Final voting share	7001590000000000000♠59.0%	7001410000000000000♠41.0%

Beginning of the next congress	295	140	435	0

Leadership

Members

Senate

Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Senators are ordered first by state, and then by seniority. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

Alabama

3. J. Lister Hill (D)
2. John Sparkman (D)

Alaska

2. Bob Bartlett (D)
3. Ernest Gruening (D)

Arizona

3. Carl Hayden (D)
1. Barry Goldwater (R)

Arkansas

2. John Little McClellan (D)
3. J. William Fulbright (D)

California

3. Thomas Kuchel (R)
1. Clair Engle (D), until July 30, 1964
- Pierre Salinger (D), August 4, 1964 – December 31, 1964
- George Murphy (R), from January 1, 1965

Colorado

2. Gordon L. Allott (R)
3. Peter H. Dominick (R)

Connecticut

1. Thomas J. Dodd (D)
3. Abraham A. Ribicoff (D)

Delaware

1. John J. Williams (R)
2. J. Caleb Boggs (R)

Florida

1. Spessard Holland (D)
3. George Smathers (D)

Georgia

3. Richard Russell, Jr. (D)
2. Herman Talmadge (D)

Hawaii

1. Hiram Fong (R)
2. Daniel Inouye (D)

Idaho

3. Frank Church (D)
2. Leonard B. Jordan (R)

Illinois

2. Paul Douglas (D)
3. Everett Dirksen (R)

Indiana

1. Vance Hartke (D)
3. Birch Bayh (D)

Iowa

3. Bourke B. Hickenlooper (R)
2. Jack Miller (R)

Kansas

3. Frank Carlson (R)
2. James B. Pearson (R)

Kentucky

2. John Sherman Cooper (R)
3. Thruston Ballard Morton (R)

Louisiana

2. Allen J. Ellender (D)
3. Russell B. Long (D)

Maine

2. Margaret Chase Smith (R)
1. Edmund Muskie (D)

Maryland

1. James Glenn Beall (R)
3. Daniel Brewster (D)

Massachusetts

2. Leverett Saltonstall (R)
1. Ted Kennedy (D)

Michigan

2. Patrick V. McNamara (D)
1. Philip Hart (D)

Minnesota

2. Hubert Humphrey (DFL), until December 29, 1964
- Walter Mondale (DFL), from December 30, 1964
1. Eugene McCarthy (DFL)

Mississippi

2. James Eastland (D)
1. John C. Stennis (D)

Missouri

1. Stuart Symington (D)
3. Edward V. Long (D)

Montana

1. Mike Mansfield (D)
2. Lee Metcalf (D)

Nebraska

1. Roman Hruska (R)
2. Carl Curtis (R)

Nevada

3. Alan Bible (D)
1. Howard Cannon (D)

New Hampshire

3. Norris Cotton (R)
2. Thomas J. McIntyre (D)

New Jersey

2. Clifford P. Case (R)
1. Harrison A. Williams (D)

New Mexico

2. Clinton Presba Anderson (D)
1. Edwin L. Mechem (R), until November 3, 1964
- Joseph Montoya (D), from November 4, 1964

New York

3. Jacob K. Javits (R)
1. Kenneth Keating (R)

North Carolina

3. Sam Ervin (D)
2. B. Everett Jordan (D)

North Dakota

3. Milton Young (R)
1. Quentin N. Burdick (D)

Ohio

3. Frank Lausche (D)
1. Stephen M. Young (D)

Oklahoma

3. Mike Monroney (D)
2. J. Howard Edmondson (D), January 7, 1963 – November 3, 1964
- Fred R. Harris (D), from November 4, 1964

Oregon

3. Wayne Morse (D)
2. Maurine Neuberger (D)

Pennsylvania

3. Joseph S. Clark, Jr. (D)
1. Hugh Scott (R)

Rhode Island

1. John O. Pastore (D)
2. Claiborne Pell (D)

South Carolina

3. Olin D. Johnston (D)
2. Strom Thurmond (D) until September 16, 1964, then (R)

South Dakota

2. Karl E. Mundt (R)
3. George McGovern (D)

Tennessee

2. Estes Kefauver (D), until August 10, 1963
- Herbert S. Walters (D), August 20, 1963 – November 3, 1964
- Ross Bass (D), from November 4, 1964
1. Albert Gore, Sr. (D)

Texas

1. Ralph Yarborough (D)
2. John Tower (R)

Utah

3. Wallace F. Bennett (R)
1. Frank Moss (D)

Vermont

3. George Aiken (R)
1. Winston L. Prouty (R)

Virginia

1. Harry F. Byrd (D)
2. Absalom Willis Robertson (D)

Washington

3. Warren Magnuson (D)
1. Henry M. Jackson (D)

West Virginia

2. Jennings Randolph (D)
1. Robert Byrd (D)

Wisconsin

1. William Proxmire (D)
3. Gaylord Nelson (D), from January 8, 1963

Wyoming

1. Gale W. McGee (D)
2. Milward L. Simpson (R)

House of Representatives

Alabama

Alaska

At-large. Ralph Julian Rivers (D)

Arizona

Arkansas

California

1. Donald H. Clausen (R), from January 22, 1963
2. Harold T. Johnson (D)
3. John E. Moss (D)
4. Robert L. Leggett (D)
5. John Shelley (D), until January 7, 1964
- Phillip Burton (D), from February 18, 1964
6. William S. Mailliard (R)
7. Jeffery Cohelan (D)
8. George Paul Miller (D)
9. Don Edwards (D)
10. Charles Gubser (R)
11. J. Arthur Younger (R)
12. Burt L. Talcott (R)
13. Charles M. Teague (R)
14. John F. Baldwin, Jr. (R)
15. John J. McFall (D)
16. Bernice F. Sisk (D)
17. Cecil R. King (D)
18. Harlan Hagen (D)
19. Chester E. Holifield (D)
20. H. Allen Smith (R)
21. Augustus F. Hawkins (D)
22. James C. Corman (D)
23. Clyde Doyle (D), until March 14, 1963
- Del M. Clawson (R), from June 11, 1963
24. Glenard P. Lipscomb (R)
25. Ronald B. Cameron (D)
26. James Roosevelt (D)
27. Everett G. Burkhalter (D)
28. Alphonzo E. Bell, Jr. (R)
29. George Brown, Jr. (D)
30. Edward R. Roybal (D)
31. Charles H. Wilson (D)
32. Craig Hosmer (R)
33. Harry R. Sheppard (D)
34. Richard T. Hanna (D)
35. James B. Utt (R)
36. Bob Wilson (R)
37. Lionel Van Deerlin (D)
38. Patrick M. Martin (R)

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

At-large. Harris B. McDowell, Jr. (D)

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

At-large. Thomas Gill (D)
At-large. Spark Matsunaga (D)

Idaho

1. Compton I. White, Jr. (D)
2. Ralph R. Harding (D)

Illinois

1. William L. Dawson (D)
2. Barratt O'Hara (D)
3. William T. Murphy (D)
4. Ed Derwinski (R)
5. John C. Kluczynski (D)
6. Thomas J. O'Brien (D), until April 14, 1964
7. Roland V. Libonati (D)
8. Dan Rostenkowski (D)
9. Edward Rowan Finnegan (D), until December 6, 1964
10. Harold R. Collier (R)
11. Roman Pucinski (D)
12. Robert McClory (R)
13. Donald Rumsfeld (R)
14. Elmer J. Hoffman (R)
15. Charlotte Thompson Reid (R)
16. John B. Anderson (R)
17. Leslie C. Arends (R)
18. Robert H. Michel (R)
19. Robert T. McLoskey (R)
20. Paul Findley (R)
21. Kenneth J. Gray (D)
22. William L. Springer (R)
23. George E. Shipley (D)
24. Charles Melvin Price (D)

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

1. Stanley R. Tupper (R)
2. Clifford McIntire (R)

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

1. Lucien N. Nedzi (D)
2. George Meader (R)
3. August E. Johansen (R)
4. J. Edward Hutchinson (R)
5. Gerald Ford (R)
6. Charles E. Chamberlain (R)
7. James G. O'Hara (D)
8. R. James Harvey (R)
9. Robert P. Griffin (R)
10. Elford Albin Cederberg (R)
11. Victor A. Knox (R)
12. John B. Bennett (R), until August 9, 1964
13. Charles Diggs (D)
14. Harold M. Ryan (D)
15. John Dingell (D)
16. John Lesinski, Jr. (D)
17. Martha Griffiths (D)
18. William Broomfield (R)
At-large. Neil Staebler (D)

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

1. Frank M. Karsten (D)
2. Thomas B. Curtis (R)
3. Leonor Sullivan (D)
4. William J. Randall (D)
5. Richard Walker Bolling (D)
6. William Raleigh Hull, Jr. (D)
7. Durward Gorham Hall (R)
8. Richard Howard Ichord, Jr. (D)
9. Clarence Cannon (D), until May 12, 1964
- William L. Hungate (D), from November 3, 1964
10. Paul C. Jones (D)

Montana

1. Arnold Olsen (D)
2. James Franklin Battin (R)

Nebraska

Nevada

At-large. Walter S. Baring, Jr. (D)

New Hampshire

1. Louis C. Wyman (R)
2. James Colgate Cleveland (R)

New Jersey

New Mexico

At-large. Thomas G. Morris (D)
At-large. Joseph Montoya (D)

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

1. Hjalmar Carl Nygaard (R), until July 18, 1963
- Mark Andrews (R), from October 22, 1963
2. Don L. Short (R)

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

1. A. Walter Norblad (R), until September 20, 1964
- Wendell Wyatt (R), from November 3, 1964
2. Al Ullman (D)
3. Edith Green (D)
4. Robert B. Duncan (D)

Pennsylvania

1. William A. Barrett (D)
2. Robert N. C. Nix, Sr. (D)
3. James A. Byrne (D)
4. Herman Toll (D)
5. William J. Green, Jr. (D), until December 21, 1963
- William J. Green, III (D), from April 28, 1964
6. George M. Rhodes (D)
7. William H. Milliken, Jr. (R)
8. Willard S. Curtin (R)
9. Paul B. Dague (R)
10. Joseph M. McDade (R)
11. Daniel J. Flood (D)
12. J. Irving Whalley (R)
13. Richard Schweiker (R)
14. William S. Moorhead (D)
15. Francis E. Walter (D), until May 31, 1963
- Fred B. Rooney (D), from July 30, 1963
16. John C. Kunkel (R)
17. Herman T. Schneebeli (R)
18. Robert J. Corbett (R)
19. George Atlee Goodling (R)
20. Elmer J. Holland (D)
21. John Herman Dent (D)
22. John P. Saylor (R)
23. Leon H. Gavin (R), until September 15, 1963
- Albert W. Johnson (R), from November 5, 1963
24. James D. Weaver (R)
25. Frank M. Clark (D)
26. Thomas E. Morgan (D)
27. James G. Fulton (R)

Rhode Island

1. Fernand St. Germain (D)
2. John E. Fogarty (D)

South Carolina

1. L. Mendel Rivers (D)
2. Albert Watson (D)
3. William Jennings Bryan Dorn (D)
4. Robert T. Ashmore (D)
5. Robert W. Hemphill (D), until May 1, 1964
- Thomas S. Gettys (D), from November 3, 1964
6. John L. McMillan (D)

South Dakota

1. Ben Reifel (R)
2. Ellis Yarnal Berry (R)

Tennessee

1. Jimmy Quillen (R)
2. Howard Baker, Sr. (R), until January 7, 1964
- Irene Baker (R), from March 10, 1964
3. Bill Brock (R)
4. Joe L. Evins (D)
5. Richard Fulton (D)
6. Ross Bass (D), until November 3, 1964
7. Tom J. Murray (D)
8. Fats Everett (D)
9. Clifford Davis (D)

Texas

1. Wright Patman (D)
2. Jack Brooks (D)
3. Lindley Beckworth (D)
4. Ray Roberts (D)
5. Bruce Alger (R)
6. Olin E. Teague (D)
7. John Dowdy (D)
8. Albert Richard Thomas (D)
9. Clark W. Thompson (D)
10. Homer Thornberry (D), until December 20, 1963
- J. J. Pickle (D), from December 21, 1963
11. William R. Poage (D)
12. Jim Wright (D)
13. Graham B. Purcell, Jr. (D)
14. John Andrew Young (D)
15. Joe M. Kilgore (D)
16. Ed Foreman (R)
17. Omar Burleson (D)
18. Walter E. Rogers (D)
19. George H. Mahon (D)
20. Henry B. Gonzalez (D)
21. O. C. Fisher (D)
22. Robert R. Casey (D)
At-large. Joe R. Pool (D)

Utah

1. Laurence J. Burton (R)
2. Sherman P. Lloyd (R)

Vermont

At-large. Robert Stafford (R)

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

At-large. William H. Harrison (R)

Non-voting members

Puerto Rico. Antonio Fernós-Isern, PPD

Changes in membership

Senate

State (class)	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
Oklahoma (2)	Vacant	Appointed to fill vacancy due to death of Sen. Robert S. Kerr in previous congress	J. Howard Edmondson (D)	January 7, 1963
Wisconsin (3)	Vacant	Delayed taking oath of office in order to finish term as Governor of Wisconsin	Gaylord Nelson (D)	January 8, 1963
Tennessee (2)	Estes Kefauver (D)	Died August 10, 1963	Herbert S. Walters (D)	August 20, 1963
California (1)	Clair Engle (D)	Died July 30, 1964	Pierre Salinger (D)	August 4, 1964
South Carolina (2)	Strom Thurmond (D)	Changed political parties	Strom Thurmond (R)	September 16, 1964
New Mexico (1)	Edwin L. Mechem (R)	Resigned November 3, 1964	Joseph Montoya (D)	November 4, 1964
Oklahoma (2)	J. Howard Edmondson (D)	Successor elected November 3, 1964	Fred R. Harris (D)	November 4, 1964
Tennessee (2)	Herbert S. Walters (D)	Successor elected November 3, 1964	Ross Bass (D)	November 4, 1964
Minnesota (2)	Hubert Humphrey (DFL)	Resigned December 29, 1964 after being elected Vice President of the United States	Walter Mondale (DFL)	December 30, 1964
California (1)	Pierre Salinger (D)	Successor elected. Resigned December 31, 1964	George Murphy (R)	January 1, 1965

House of Representatives

District	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date successor seated
California 1st	Vacant	Rep. Clement W. Miller died during previous congress	Donald H. Clausen (R)	January 22, 1963
California 23rd	Clyde Doyle (D)	Died March 14, 1963	Del M. Clawson (R)	June 11, 1963
Pennsylvania 15th	Francis E. Walter (D)	Died May 31, 1963	Fred B. Rooney (D)	July 30, 1963
North Dakota 1st	Hjalmar C. Nygaard (R)	Died July 18, 1963	Mark Andrews (R)	October 22, 1963
Pennsylvania 23rd	Leon H. Gavin (R)	Died September 15, 1963	Albert W. Johnson (R)	November 3, 1963
Texas 10th	Homer Thornberry (D)	Resigned December 20, 1963 after being appointed as a judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas	J. J. Pickle (D)	December 21, 1963
Pennsylvania 5th	William J. Green, Jr. (D)	Died December 21, 1963	William J. Green, III (D)	April 28, 1964
California 5th	John Shelley (D)	Resigned January 7, 1964 after being elected Mayor of San Francisco	Phillip Burton (D)	February 18, 1964
Tennessee 2nd	Howard Baker, Sr. (R)	Died January 7, 1964	Irene Baker (R)	March 10, 1964
Illinois 6th	Thomas J. O'Brien (D)	Died April 14, 1964	Vacant	Not filled this term
South Carolina 5th	Robert W. Hemphill (D)	Resigned May 1, 1964 after being appointed judge of the US District Court for the Eastern and Western Districts of SC	Thomas S. Gettys (D)	November 3, 1964
Missouri 9th	Clarence Cannon (D)	Died May 12, 1964	William L. Hungate (D)	November 3, 1964
Michigan 12th	John B. Bennett (R)	Died August 9, 1964	Vacant	Not filled this term
Oregon 1st	A. Walter Norblad (R)	Died September 20, 1964	Wendell Wyatt (R)	November 3, 1964
New Mexico At-large	Joseph Montoya (D)	Resigned November 3, 1964 after being elected to the US Senate	Vacant	Not filled this term
Tennessee 6th	Ross Bass (D)	Resigned November 3, 1964 after being elected to the US Senate	Vacant	Not filled this term
Illinois 9th	Edward R. Finnegan (D)	Resigned December 6, 1964 after being appointed judge for the Circuit Court of Cook County	Vacant	Not filled this term

Senate

House of Representatives

Clerk: Ralph R. Roberts
Doorkeeper: William Mosley "Fishbait" Miller
Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
Postmaster: H. H. Morris
Sergeant at Arms: Zeake W. Johnson, Jr.
Chaplain: Bernard Braskamp - Presbyterian

References

↑ Loevy, Robert D. (1997). The Civil Rights Act of 1964: the passage of the law that ended racial segregation. SUNY Press. pp. 358, 360.
↑ "Civil Rights Filibuster Ended". U.S. Senate. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
↑ "Major Features of the Civil Rights Act of 1964". CongressLink. The Dirksen Congressional Center.

External links

U.S. Senate history
Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present
Eighty-Eighth Congress, Pocket Congressional Directory. Government Printing Office. January 1963. p. 110.

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88th United States Congress

Major events

Major legislation

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Members

Senate

House of Representatives

Non-voting members

Changes in membership

Senate

House of Representatives

Senate

House of Representatives

References

External links