List of Indian monarchs

The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents.^[1]

Early mythical and later documented rulers and dynasties who are deemed to have ruled a portion of the Indian subcontinent are included in this list.

Magadha dynasties (c. 1700 BCE – 550 CE)^[1]

Brihadratha Dynasty (c. 1700–799 BCE)

• Susharma Chand
• Porus
• Brihadratha
• Jarasandha
• Sahadeva
• Somapi (1678–1618 BCE)
• Srutasravas (1618–1551 BCE)
• Ayutayus (1551–1515 BCE)
• Niramitra (1515–1415 BCE)
• Sukshatra (1415–1407 BCE)
• Brihatkarman (1407–1384 BCE)
• Senajit (1384–1361 BCE)
• Srutanjaya (1361–1321 BCE)
• Vipra (1321–1296 BCE)
• Suchi (1296–1238 BCE)
• Kshemya (1238–1210 BCE)
• Subrata (1210–1150 BCE)
• Dharma (1150–1145 BCE)
• Susuma (1145–1107 BCE)
• Dridhasena (1107–1059 BCE)
• Sumati (1059–1026 BCE)
• Subhala (1026–1004 BCE)
• Sunita (1004–964 BCE)
• Satyajit (964–884 BCE)
• Biswajit (884–849 BCE)
• Ripunjaya (849–799 BCE)

Trigarta (Trigart Raje) Dynasty (BCE unknown)

• Katoch Clan Kings & Emperors
• Jaswal Clan Kings & Emperors
• Guleria Clan Kings & Emperors
• Sibaia Clan Kings & Emperors
• Dadwal Clan rulers

Pradyota dynasty (799–684 BCE)

• Pradyota
• Palaka
• Visakhayupa
• Ajaka
• Varttivarddhana

Haryanka dynasty/Shishunaga dynasty (558–412/412-345 BCE)

• Bimbisara (558–491 BCE), founder of the first Magadhan empire
• Ajatashatru (491–461 BCE)
• Udayin
• Anirudha
• Mund
• Darshaka (from 461 BCE)
• Nāgadāsaka (last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty)
• Shishunaga (412–395 BCE), established the Magadha Kingdom
• Kakavarna
• Kshemadharman
• Kshatraujas
• Nandivardhana
• Mahanandin (until 345 BCE), his empire was inherited by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda

Nanda Dynasty (345–321 BCE)

• Mahapadma Nanda (from 345 BCE), son of Mahanandin, founded the Nanda Empire after inheriting Mahanandin's empire
• Pandhukananda
• Panghupatinanda
• Bhutapalananda
• Rashtrapalananada
• Govishanakananda
• Dashasidkhakananda
• Kaivartananda
• Dhana Nanda (Agrammes, Xandrammes) (until 321 BCE), lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being defeated by him.
• Karvinatha Nand (Illegitimate son of Mahapadna Nanda)

The nine kings were contemporary and brothers, called the Nava Nandas (nine Nandas), ruling at different parts of Magadh (present Bihar state of India) headed by the strongest ruler of all the then 14 Janpads (Kingdoms) of India; Dhananand.

Maurya dynasty (321–184 BCE)

Maurya Kings (322 BCE – 180 BCE)
Chandragupta	(322–297 BCE)
Bindusara	(297–272/268 BCE)
Ashoka	(272/268–232 BCE)
Dasharatha	(232–224 BCE)
Samprati	(224–215 BCE)
Shalishuka	(215–202 BCE)
Devavarman	(202–195 BCE)
Shatadhanvan	(195–187 BCE)
Brihadratha	(187–180 BCE)
Pushyamitra (Shunga Empire)	(180–149 BCE)

• Chandragupta Maurya (Chandragupta Maurya the Great) (Sandrakottos) (322–298 BCE), founded the Mauryan Empire after defeating both the Nanda Empire and the Macedonian Seleucid Empire, claimed descent from the Shakya dynasty, the first emperor of India who unified most of northern India.
• Bindusara Amitraghata (298–273 BCE)
• Ashoka Vardhana (Ashoka the Great) (273–232 BCE), considered the greatest ancient Indian emperor, first emperor to unify India (after conquering most of South Asia and Afghanistan), adopted Buddhism, granted animal rights and promoted non-violence
• Dasharatha (232–224 BCE)
• Samprati (224–215 BCE)
• Shalishuka (215–202 BCE)
• Devavarman (202–195 BCE)
• Shatadhanvan (195–187 BCE), the Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
• Brhadratha (187–184 BCE), assassinated by Pushyamitra Shunga

Shunga Dynasty (185–73 BCE)

• Pushyamitra Shunga (185–149 BCE), founded the dynasty after assassinating Brhadratha
• Agnimitra (149–141 BCE), son and successor of Pushyamitra
• Vasujyeshtha (141–131 BCE)
• Vasumitra (131–124 BCE)
• Andhraka (124–122 BCE)
• Pulindaka (122–119 BCE)
• Ghosha
• Vajramitra
• Bhagabhadra (c. 110 BCE), mentioned by the Puranas
• Devabhuti (83–73 BCE), the last Shunga king

Kanva Dynasty (73–26 BCE)

• Vasudeva (c. 75 – c. 66 BCE)
• Bhumimitra (c. 66 – c. 52 BCE)
• Narayana (c. 52 – c. 40 BCE)
• Susarman (c. 40 – c. 26 BCE)

Western Kshatrapas (35–405 CE)

• Nahapana (119–124 CE)
• Castanafl (c. 120)
• Rudradaman I (c. 130–150)
• Damajadasri I (170–175)
• Jivadaman (175, d. 199)
• Rudrasimha I (175–188, d. 197)
• Isvaradatta (188–191)
• Rudrasimha I (restored) (191–197)
• Jivadaman (restored) (197–199)
• Rudrasena I (200–222)
• Samghadaman (222–223)
• Damasena (223–232)
• Damajadasri II (232–239) with
• Viradaman (234–238)
• Yasodaman I (239-240)
• Yasodaman II (240)
• Vijayasena (240–250)
• Damajadasri III (251–255)
• Rudrasena II (255–277)
• Visvasimha (277–282)
• Bhartridaman (282–295) with
• Visvasena (293–304)
• Rudrasimha II (304–348) with
• Yasodaman II (317–332)
• Rudradaman II (332–348)
• Rudrasena III (348–380)
• Simhasena (380–?)

Gupta Dynasty (c. 240–550 CE)

• Sri-Gupta I (c. 240–290), founder of the Gupta Dynasty
• Ghatotkacha (290–305)
• Chandra Gupta I (305–335), founder of the Gupta Empire, which is often regarded as the golden age of Indian culture
• Samudra Gupta (Samudragupta the Great) (335–370). Reputed to have never lost a battle in his whole life.
• Rama Gupta (370–375)
• Chandra Gupta II (Chandragupta II the Great) (Chandragupta Vikramaditya) (375–415), son of Samudra Gupta, the Gupta Empire achieved its zenith under his reign, the Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hsien described Indian culture during his reign
• Kumara Gupta I (415–455)
• Skanda Gupta (455–467)
• Kumara Gupta II (467–477)
• Buddha Gupta (477–496)
• Chandra Gupta III (496–500)
• Vainya Gupta (500–515)
• Narasimha Gupta (515–530)
• Kumara Gupta III (530–540)
• Vishnu Gupta I (c. 540–550)

Pandya Dynasty (c. 550 BCE – 1345)

Pandyan Kings (100s BC–1345)
Koon Pandiyan
Pudappandiyan
Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
Nedunjeliyan I	(180 CE)
Nedunjeliyan II	(210 CE)
Nan Maran
Nedunjeliyan III	(210 CE)
Maran Valudi
Kadalan valuthi
Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
Ukkirap Peruvaludi
Kadungon	(590-620)
Maravarman Avani Culamani	(590–620)
Cezhiyan Cendan	(620–640)
Jayantavarman	(640-670)
Arikesari Maravarman	(670–710)
Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran	(710–735)
Maravarman Rajasimha I	(735–765)
Jatila Parantaka	(765–815)
Rasasingan II	(790–800)
Varagunan I	(800–830)
Srimara Srivallabha	(815–862)
Varagunavarman II	(862–880)
Parantaka Viranarayana	(880–900)
Maravarman Rajasimha III	(900–920)
Aditya I (Chola Empire)	(870-907)

Central Pandya Dynasty (c. 550 BCE – 1311 CE)

• Kadunkoen (c. 550–450 BCE)
• Pandion (c. 50 BCE – 50 CE), known as Pandion to Greeks and Romans

Early Pandyas

• Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan )
• Pudappandiyan
• Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
• Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan)
• Nan Maran
• Nedunj Cheliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan )
• Maran Valudi
• Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
• Ukkirap Peruvaluthi

First Empire

• Kadungon (c. 600–700 CE), revived the dynasty
• Maravarman Avani Culamani (590–620 CE)
• Cezhiyan Cendan (620–640 CE)
• Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (640–674 CE)
• Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (675–730 CE)
• Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasinga (730–765 CE)
• Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–790 CE)
• Rasasingan II (790–800 CE)
• Varagunan I (800–830 CE)
• Sirmara Srivallabha (830–862 CE)
• Varaguna II (862–880 CE)
• Parantaka Viranarayana (862–905 CE)
• Rajasima Pandian II (905–920 CE)

Pandyan Revival

• Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268), revived Pandyan glory, considered one of the greatest conquerors of Southern India
• Maravarman Sundara Pandyan
• Maravarman Kulasekaran I (1268–1308)
• Sundara Pandya (1308–1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother Vira Pandya over the throne
• Vira Pandya (1308–1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother of Sundara Pandya over the throne, Madurai was conquered by the Khilji dynasty

Pandalam Dynasty (c. 1200)

• Raja Rajasekhara (c. 1200 – 1500), descendant of the Pandya Dynasty, father of Ayyappan (often regarded as a Hindu deity)

Foreign Emperors in North-Western India (c. 538 BCE – 750 CE)

These empires were vast, centered in Persia or the Mediterranean; their satrapies (provinces) in India were at their outskirts.

Persian Achaemenid Dynasty (c. 538–330 BCE)

• Cyrus the Great (c. 538–529 BCE), established the Achaemenid Empire
• Cambyses II (530–521 BCE)
• Smerdis (521 BCE)
• Darius I (521–486 BCE)
• Xerxes I (486–465 BCE)
• Artaxerxes I (474–424 BCE)
• Xerxes II (424–423 BCE)
• Sogdianus (424–423 BCE)
• Darius II (424–404 BCE)
• Artaxerxes II (404–358 BCE)
• Artaxerxes III (358–338 BCE)
• Artaxerxes IV Arses (338–336 BCE)
• Darius III Codomannus (336–330 BCE), defeated by Alexander the Great (who replaced the Achaemenid Empire with the Macedonian Empire)

Argead Dynasty (326–323 BCE)

• Alexander the Great (326–323 BCE), founded the Macedonian Empire after conquering the Achaemenid Empire, conquered parts of the Punjab, fought Porus (Purushottama) in the Battle of the Hydaspes River; his empire was quickly divided amongst the so-called diadochoi

Seleucid Diadochi (323–321 BCE)

• Seleucus Nicator (323–321 BCE), diadochos general who founded the Seleucid Empire in the eastern part of the Macedonian empire after gaining control following Alexander's death, lost his territories in Southwest Asia after being defeated by Chandragupta Maurya (Sandrakottos)

Arab Umayyad Caliphate (711–750 CE)

• Muhammad bin Qasim (711–715), an Arab general, conquered Sindh, Balochistan and southern Punjab and ruled these lands on behalf of the Ummayyid Caliph, Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik
• Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (715–717)
• Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (717–720)
• Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik (720–724)
• Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (724–743)
• al-Walid ibn Yazid (743–744)
• Yazid ibn al-Walid (744)
• Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (744)
• Marwan II ibn Muhammad (744–750)

Chera dynasty (c. 400 BCE – 1314 CE)

List of Chera kings Early Cheras Uthiyan Cheralathan  ·   Nedum Cheralathan  ·   Selva Kadumko Valiathan   ·   Senguttuvan Chera  · Illam Cheral Irumporai  ·   Mantaran Cheral Interregnum (c.300–800)

Later Cheras Kulashekhara Varma 800-820 Rajashekhara Varma 820-844 Sthanu Ravi Varma 844-885 Rama Varma Kulashekhara 885-917 Goda Ravi Varma 917-944 Indu Kotha Varma 944-962 Bhaskara Ravi Varma I 962-1019 Bhaskara Ravi Varma II 1019-1021 Vira Kerala 1021-1028 Rajasimha 1028-1043 Bhaskara Ravi Varma III 1043–1082 Ravi Rama Varma 1082-1090 Rama Varma Kulashekhara 1090-1102

Related articles Silappatikaram  ·   Patiṟṟuppattu Muchiri  ·   Thondi  · Vanchi Tholan  · Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa Cheraman Perumal  ·   Mukundamala Kollam Era Battle of Kandalur Salai School of Astronomy and Mathematics  ·   Vazhapalli plates

Note that years are still highly disputed among the scholars, the given is only a version.

Ancient Chera Kings (c. 400 BCE – 397 CE)

1. Udiyancheralatan
2. Antuvancheral
3. Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan (56–115 CE)
4. Cheran Chenkutuvan (from 115)
5. Palyanai Sel-Kelu Kuttuvan (115–130)
6. Poraiyan Kadungo (from 115)
7. Kalankai-Kanni Narmudi Cheral (115–140)
8. Vel-Kelu Kuttuvan (130–185)
9. Selvak-Kadungo (131–155)
10. Adukotpattu Cheralatan (140–178)
11. Kuttuvan Irumporai (178–185)
12. Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral (185–201)
13. Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral (201–241)
14. Ilamcheral Irumporai (241–257)
15. Perumkadungo (257–287)
16. Ilamkadungo (287–317)
17. Kanaikal Irumporai (367–397)

Kulashekhara Dynasty (1020–1314 CE)

1. Kulashekhara Varman (800–820 CE), also called Kulashekhara Alwar
2. Rajashekhara Varman (820–844 CE), also called Cheraman Perumal
3. Sthanu ravi Varman (844–885 CE), contemporary of Aditya Chola
4. Rama Varma Kulashekhara (885–917 CE)
5. Goda Ravi Varma (917–944 CE)
6. Indu Kotha Varma (944–962 CE)
7. Bhaskara Ravi Varman I (962–1019 CE)
8. Bhaskara Ravi Varman II (1019–1021 CE)
9. Vira Kerala (1021–1028 CE)
10. Rajasimha (1028–1043 CE)
11. Bhaskara Ravi Varman III (1043–1082 CE)
12. Rama Varman Kulashekhara (1090–1122 CE), also called Cheraman Perumal

• Ravi Varman Kulashekhara (c. 1250 – 1314), last of the Cheras

Chola Dynasty (c. 301 BCE – 1279 CE)

Sangam Cholas (c. 300 BCE – 240 CE)

• Ilamcetcenni (c. 301 BCE)
• Karikala Chola (c. 270 BCE)
• Nedunkilli (c. 150 CE)
• Nalankilli (c. 150 CE)
• Killivalavan (c. 200 CE)
• Perunarkilli (c. 300 CE)
• Kocengannan (c. 220 CE)

Chola Emperors (848–1279 CE)

• Vijayalaya Chola (848–881), founder of the Chola Empire
• Aditya (871–907)
• Parantaka I (907–955)
• Gandaraditya (950–957)
• Arinjaya (956–957)
• Parantaka Chola II (957–970)
• Uttama Chola (973–985)
• Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014), considered the greatest of all Cholas, expanded the Chola Empire overseas to Sri Lanka
• Rajendra Chola I (1012–1044), expanded the Chola Empire overseas to Southeast Asia
• Rajadhiraja Chola I (1018–1054)
• Rajendra Chola II (1051–1063)
• Virarajendra Chola (1063–1070)
• Athirajendra Chola (1067–1070)
• Vikkrama Chola (1118–1135)
• Kulotunga Chola II (1133–1150)
• Rajaraja Chola II (1146–1163)
• Rajadiraja Chola II (1163–1178)
• Kulothunga Chola III (1178–1218)
• Rajaraja Chola III (1216–1256)
• Rajendra Chola III (1246–1279), last of the Cholas

Satavahana Dynasty

Satavahana Kings (271 BCE – 220 CE)
Simuka	(1st century BCE)
Kanha	(1st century BCE/CE)
Satakarni	(1st-2nd century CE)
Sivasvati	(1st century CE)
Gautamiputra Satakarni	(1st-2nd century CE)
Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi	(2nd century CE)
Vashishtiputra Satakarni	(2nd century CE)
Shivaskanda Satakarni	(2nd century CE)
Yajna Sri Satakarni	(2nd century CE)
Vijaya	(2nd century CE)

The exact dates of the Satavahana dynasty are debated. The beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 271 BCE to 30 BCE.^[2] Satavahanas dominated the Deccan region from 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE.^[3] It lasted till the early 3rd century CE.

• Simuka
• Kanha (or Krishna)
• Satakarni I
• Hāla (c. 20–24 CE)
• Gautamiputra Satakarni (c. 106–130)
• Vashishtiputra Pulumayi (c. 130–158)
• Vashishtiputra Satakarni (c. 158–170)
• Sri Yajna Satakarni (c. 170–199)

Vakataka dynasty (250s–500s CE)

• Vindhyasakti (250–270)
• Pravarasena I (270–330)

The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch

• Rudrasena I (330–355)
• Prithvisena I (355–380)
• Rudrasena II (380–385)
• Divakarasena (385–400)
• Prabhavatigupta (fem.), Regent (385–405)
• Damodarasena (Pravarasena II) (400–440)
• Narendrasena (440–460)
• Prithvishena II (460–480)

The Vatsagulma branch

• Sarvasena (330–355)
• Vindhyasena (Vindhyashakti II) (355–442)
• Pravarasena II (400–415)
• Unknown (415–450)
• Devasena (450–475)
• Harishena (475–500)

Hellenistic Euthydemid Dynasty (c. 221–85 BCE)

Unlike the far larger empires of Alexander the Great and his Seleukid diadoch, centered in the region

• Euthydemus I (c. 221–206 BCE), Greco-Bactrian king
• Demetrius I (c. 200–170 BCE), son of Euthydemus I
• Apollodotus I (180–160 BCE), successor of Demetrius
• Agathocles (190–180 BCE)
• Pantaleon (190–185 BCE)
• Apollodotus I (reigned c. 180–160 BCE)
• Antimachus II Nikephoros (160–155 BCE)
• Demetrius II (155–150 BCE)
• Menander I (c. 150–135 BCE)
• Agathokleia (c. 135–125 BCE), probably widow of Menander, queen-mother and regent for her son Strato
• Strato I (125–110 BCE), son of Menander and Agathokleia
• Heliokles II (110–100 BCE)
• Polyxenios (c. 100 BCE), possibly in Gandhara
• Demetrius III Aniketos (c. 100 BCE)
• Amyntas Nikator (95–90 BCE)
• Peukolaos (c. 90 BCE)
• Menander II Dikaios "The Just" (90–85 BCE)
• Archebios (90–85 BCE)

Indo-Scythian rulers (c. 90 BCE – 45 CE)

Northwestern India (c. 90 BCE – 10 CE)

• Maues (c. 85–60 BCE)
• Vonones (c. 75–65 BCE)
• Spalahores (c. 75–65 BCE)
• Spalarises (c. 60–57 BCE)
• Azes I (c. 57–35 BCE)
• Azilises (c. 57–35 BCE)
• Azes II (c. 35–12 BCE)
• Zeionises (c. 10 BCE – 10 CE)
• Kharahostes (c. 10 BCE – 10 CE)
• Hajatria
• Liaka Kusuluka, satrap of Chuksa
• Kusulaka Patika, satrap of Chuksa and son of Liaka Kusulaka

Mathura area (c. 20 BCE – 20 CE)

• Hagamasha (satrap)
• Hagana (satrap)
• Rajuvula (Great Satrap) (c. 10 CE)
• Sodasa, son of Rajuvula

Apracharaja rulers (12 BCE – 45 CE)

• Vijayamitra (12 BCE – 15 CE)
• Itravasu (c. 20 CE)
• Aspavarma (15–45 CE)

Minor local rulers

• Bhadrayasha Niggas
• Mamvadi
• Arsakes

Indo-Parthian rulers (c. 21–100 CE)

• Gondophares I (c. 21–50)
• Abdagases I (c. 50–65)
• Satavastres (c. 60)
• Sarpedones (c. 70)
• Orthagnes (c. 70)
• Ubouzanes (c. 77)
• Sases or Gondophares II (c. 85)
• Abdagases II (c. 90)
• Pakores (c. 100)

Kushana Dynasty (80–225)

• Vima Takto (c. 80–105), alias Soter Megas or "Great Saviour."
• Vima Kadphises (c. 105–127), the first great Kushan emperor
• Kanishka I (127–147)
• Huvishka (c. 155–187)
• Vasudeva I (c. 191–225), the last of the great Kushan emperors
• Kanishka II (c. 227–247)
• Vāsishka (c. 247–265)
• Kanishka III (c. 268)
• Vasudeva II (c. 275–300)
• Shaka Kushan (300–350)
• Gadahara or minor kings

Pallava Dynasty (275–882)

Pallava Kings (200s–800s)
Vishnugopa II
Simhavarman III
Simhavishnu
Mahendravarman I	(600-630)
Narasimhavarman I	(630–668)
Mahendravarman II	(668–670)
Paramesvaravarman I	(670–695)
Narasimhavarman II	(700-728)
Paramesvaravarman II	(728–731)
Nandivarman II	(731–795)
Dantivarman	(795–846)
Nandivarman III	(846-869)
Aparajitavarman	(880-897)
Aditya I (Chola Empire)	(870-907)

Early Pallavas (275–355)

• Simha Varman I (275–300 or 315–345)
• Skanda Varman I (345–355)

Middle Pallavas (355–537)

• Visnugopa (350–355)
• Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
• Skanda Varman II 370–385)
• Vira Varman (385–400)
• Skanda Varman III (400–438)
• Simha Varman II (438–460)
• Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
• Nandi Varman I (480–500)
• Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)
• Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
• Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
• Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)

Later Pallavas (537–882)

• Simha Vishnu (537–570)
• Mahendra Varman I (571–630)
• Narasimha Varman I (Mamalla) (630–668)
• Mahendra Varman II (668–672)
• Paramesvara Varman I (672–700)
• Narasimha Varman II (Raja Simha) (700–728)
• Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)
• Nandi Varman II (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
• Thandi Varman (775–825)
• Nandi Varman III (825–869)
• Nirupathungan (869–882)
• Aparajitha Varman (882–901)

Kadambas of Banavasi (345–525 CE)

Kadamba Kings (345–525)
(Banavasi Kings)
Mayurasharma	(345–365)
Kangavarma	(365–390)
Bagitarha	(390–415)
Raghu	(415–435)
Kakusthavarma	(435–455)
Santivarma	(455 -460)
Mrigeshavarma	(460–480)
Shivamandhativarma	(480–485)
Ravivarma	(485–519)
Harivarma	(519–525)
(Triparvatha Branch)
Krishna Varma I	(455)
Vishnuvarma
Simhavarma
Krishna Varma II
Pulakesi I (Chalukya)	(543–566)

• Mayura Sharma (Varma) (345–365)
• Kangavarma (365–390)
• Bagitarha (390–415)
• Raghu (415–435)
• Kakusthavarma (435–455)
• Santivarma (455–460)
• Mrigeshavarma (460–480)
• Shivamandhativarma (480–485)
• Ravivarma (485–519)
• Harivarma (519–525)

Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (350–1024 CE)

• Konganivarma Madhava (350–370)
• Madhava II (370–390)
• Harivarman (390–410)
• Vishnugopa (410–430)
• Tadangala Madhava (430–466)
• Avinita (466–495)
• Durvinita (495–535)
• Mushkara (535–585)
• Srivikrama (585–635)
• Bhuvikarma (635–679)
• Shivamara I (679–725)
• Sripurusha (725–788)
• Shivamara II (788–816)
• Rajamalla I (817–853)
• Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)
• Rajamalla II (870–907)
• Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)
• Narasimhadeva (919–925)
• Rajamalla III (925–935)
• Butuga II (935–960)
• Takkolam in (949)
• Maruladeva (960–963)
• Marasimha III (963–974)
• Rajamalla IV (974–985)
• Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024)

Maitrakas of Vallabhi (470–776 CE)

• Bhatarka (c. 470–c. 492)
• Dharasena I (c. 493–c. 499)
• Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–c. 520)
• Dhruvasena I (c. 520–c. 550)
• Dharapatta (c. 550–c. 556)
• Guhasena (c. 556–c. 570)
• Dharasena II (c. 570–c. 595)
• Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–c. 615)
• Kharagraha I (c. 615–c. 626)
• Dharasena III (c. 626–c. 640)
• Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–c. 644)
• Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–c. 651)
• Dhruvasena III (c. 651–c. 656)
• Kharagraha II (c. 656–c. 662)
• Siladitya II (c. 662–?)
• Siladitya III
• Siladitya IV
• Siladitya V
• Siladitya VI
• Siladitya VII (c. 766–c. 776)^[4]

Chalukya Dynasty (543–1156)

ಬಾದಾಮಿ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು Badami Chalukya (543–753)
Pulakeshin I	(543–566)
Kirtivarman I	(566–597)
Mangalesha	(597–609)
Pulakeshin II	(609–642)
Vikramaditya I	(655–680)
Vinayaditya	(680 -696)
Vijayaditya	(696–733)
Vikramaditya II	(733–746)
Kirtivarman II	(746–753)
Dantidurga (Rashtrakuta Empire)	(735–756)

Chalukyas of Badami (543–757)

• Pulakeshin I (543–566)
• Kirtivarman I (566–597)
• Mangalesha (597–609)
• Pulakeshin II (609–642)
• Vikramaditya I (655–680)
• Vinayaditya (680–696)
• Vijayaditya (696–733)
• Vikramaditya II (733–746)
• Kirtivarman II (746–757)

Chalukyas of Kalyani (973–1156)

• Tailapa Ahavamalla (973–997)
• Satyashraya (997–1008)
• Vikramaditya V (1008–1014)
• Ayyana (1014–1015)
• Jayasimha II (1015–1042)
• Someshvara I (1042–1068)
• Someshvara II (1068–1076)
• Vikramaditya VI (1076–1127)
• Someshvara III (1127–1138)
• Jagadekamalla (1138–1151)
• Tailapa (1151–1156)
• Someshvara IV (1183–1189)

Shashanka dynasty (600–626)

• Shashanka (600–625), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal
• Manava (625–626), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardana and Bhaskarvarmana

Harsha Dynasty (606–647)

• Harsha Vardhana (606–647), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India

Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (650–1036 CE)

Gurjara-Pratihara rulers (730–1036 AD)
Nagabhata I	(730–760)
Kakkuka and Devaraja	(760–780)
Vatsaraja	(780–800)
Nagabhata II	(800–833)
Ramabhadra	(833–836)
Mihira Bhoja I	(836–885)
Mahendrapala I	(885–910)
Bhoja II	(910–913)
Mahipala I	(913–944)
Mahendrapala II	(944–948)
Devapala	(948–954)
Vinayakapala	(954–955)
Mahipala II	(955–956)
Vijayapala II	(956–960)
Rajapala	(960–1018)
Trilochanapala	(1018–1027)
Jasapala (Yashpala)	(1024–1036)

• Dadda I-II-III (650–750)
• Nagabhata I (750–780)
• Vatsaraja (780–800)
• Nagabhata II (800–833)
• Ramabhadra (833–836)
• Mihira Bhoja I (836–890)
• Mahendrapala I (890–910)
• Bhoj II (910–913)
• Mahipala I (913–944)
• Mahendrapala II (944–948)
• Devpala (948–954)
• Vinaykpala (954–955)
• Mahipala II (955–956)
• Vijaypala II (956–960)
• Rajapala (960–1018)
• Trilochanpala (1018–1027)
• Jasapala (Yashpala) (1024–1036)

Rashtrakutas of Manyaketha (735–982)

Rashtrakuta Emperors (753-982)
Dantidurga	(735 - 756)
Krishna I	(756 - 774)
Govinda II	(774 - 780)
Dhruva Dharavarsha	(780 - 793)
Govinda III	(793 - 814)
Amoghavarsha	(814 - 878)
Krishna II	(878 - 914)
Indra III	(914 -929)
Amoghavarsha II	(929 - 930)
Govinda IV	(930 – 936)
Amoghavarsha III	(936 – 939)
Krishna III	(939 – 967)
Khottiga Amoghavarsha	(967 – 972)
Karka II	(972 – 973)
Indra IV	(973 – 982)
Tailapa II (Western Chalukyas)	(973-997)

• Dantidurga (735–756)
• Krishna I (756–774)
• Govinda II (774–780)
• Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793)
• Govinda III (793–814)
• Amoghavarsha I (814–878)
• Krishna II Akalavarsha (878–914)
• Indra III (914–929)
• Amoghavarsha II (929–930)
• Govinda IV (930–935)
• Amoghavarsha III (934–939)
• Krishna III (939–967)
• Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972)
• Karka II Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973)
• Indra IV (973–982), only a claimer for the lost throne

Tomar's or Tuar's of Sthaneshwar and Indraprastha (736–1192 CE)

From Kshemak (last Tomar king of Indraprastha and direct descendant of Parikshit) to Anangpal I -

1. Kshemak
2. Shunkh (Kshemak's seat was usurped by his minister)
3. Tunga (took refuge in Southern India established small kingdom - River Tungbhadra named after him)
4. Abhanga
5. Javal
6. Gawal
7. Lorepind
8. Adangal
9. Ganmel
10. Nabhang
11. Chukkar
12. Tome
13. Dravidan Tomar
14. Drugya Tomar
15. Manbha Tomar
16. Karwal Tomar
17. Kalang Tomar, he was a local chieftain in Kurudesh (modern Haryana)
18. Anangpal I - re-established Tomar rule at what is now Delhi, the ancient capital of his ancestors. 736 CE – March- xx, ruled 18 years
19. Vasudev - 754–March - xx, ruled 19Y-1M-18D
20. Gangeya Tuar - 773–Apr.-18, ruled 21Y-3M-28D
21. Prithvimal - 794–Aug.-16, ruled 19Y-6M-19D
22. Jagdev or Jaydev - 814–Mar.-05, ruled 20Y-7M-28D
23. Narpal - 834–Nov.-03, ruled 14Y-4M-09D
24. Udaysangh - 849–Mar.-12, ruled 26Y-7M-11D
25. Jaidas - 875–Oct.-23, ruled 21Y-2M-13D
26. Vachhal/VrikshPal - 897–Jan.-01, ruled 22Y-3M-16D. There were many brothers / uncles of Vacchal Tuar^[5]
    1. Bacchdev, founded Bagor near Narnol and Bachera and Baghera near Thoda Ajmer
    2. Nagdeo^[5] s/o Karnpal Tuar and brother of Vachhal dev, founded Nagor and Nagda near Ajmer. Karndeo Tuar himself established Bahadurgarh near Alwar
    3. Krishnray^[5] s/o Karnpal Tuar, founded Kishangarh near Ajmer and Khas Ganj between Etah and Soron
    4. Nihal Ray^[5] s/o Karnpal Tuar, founded Narayanpur near Alwar
    5. Somasi^[5] s/o Karnpal Tuar, founded Ajabpur between present day Alwar and Jaipur
    6. Harpal^[5] s/o Karnpal Tuar, founded Harsola and Harsoli near Alwar
27. Pavak - 919–Apr.-22, ruled 21Y-6M-05D
28. Vihangpal - 940–Oct.-27, ruled 24Y-4M-04D
29. Tolpal - 961–Mar.-01, ruled 18Y-3M-15D
    1. Gopal - either another name of Gopal or ruled on his behalf for a while
30. Sulakshanpal - 979–Jun.-16, ruled 25Y-10M-10D
31. Jaipal Tuar - 1005–Apr.-26, ruled 25Y-10M-10D. - Fought with Raja Rangatdhwaj Rathore and lost sovereignty of Kannauj
    1. His younger brother Jhetpal Tuar captured Paithan and his descendants are called Pathania Rajputs
32. Kanvarpal/Kumara Pal Tuar - 1021–Aug.-29, ruled 29Y-9M-18D (Masud, grandson of Md. Gazni, captured Hansi briefly in 1038), ruled from Bari^[6] in Awadh, which was 3 days south of Kannauj
    1. His Rajya Purohit, the chief priest, was Indrachandra whose descendant was Ramchandra 'Rammya', Hemu's nephew and General in his army^[7]
33. Anangpal II or AnekPal or Anaypal - 1051–Jun.-17, ruled 29Y-6M-18D (1052 inscription on the Iron pillar at Mahrauli), populated Delhi and built Lalkot^[8] or Old Fort of Delhi.^[6][9] A few known sons of Anangpal are given here, which tell us the extent of his dominions. From Hansi in north to Agra in south and from Ajmer in west to the Ganges in east, beyond which were the Katheria Rajputs rulers^[10]
    1. Bhumpal Tomar, younger son - 1081, Settled in Narwar area (Near Gwalior)
    2. Indrapal,^[11] founded Indra Garh
    3. Rangraj,^[11] founded two palaces by the name of Taragarh, one near Ajmer
    4. Achal Raj, founded Achner between Bharatpur and Agra
    5. Draupad, lived in Hansi
    6. Sisupal, founded Sirsa, Siswal (also called Sirsa Patan)
    7. Surajpal, Suraj Kund in Mehrauli Delhi was built by him
34. Tejpal - 1081–Jan.-05, ruled 24Y-1M-06D, founded Tejora between Gurgaon and Alwar
35. Mahipal/Junpal - 1105–Feb.-11, ruled 25Y-2M-23D
36. Dakatpal (Arkpal or Anangpal III) - 1151–Jul.-19, ruled until 1192 CE until the Capture of Delhi by Md. Ghori, titular head only, lost to Someshwar dev Chauhan of Ajmer in 1152 CE and married daughter to Chauhan king and thus became a feudatory of his Chauhan son in law and later his grandson Rai Pithora of Ajmer. Prithviraj Chauhan was proclaimed the heir of Tomar Kingdom in 1170 CE and his rule was 22Y-2M-16D
    1. Govindraj Tanwar fought for Prithviraj Chauhan and was killed in battle with Md Ghori

Pala dynasty (c. 750–1174)

Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, the various historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:^[12]:32-39

	RC Majumdar (1971)[13]	AM Chowdhury (1967)[14]	BP Sinha (1977)[15]	DC Sircar (1975–76)[16]
Gopala I	750–770	756–781	755–783	750–775
Dharmapala	770–810	781–821	783–820	775–812
Devapala	810–c. 850	821–861	820–860	812–850
Mahendrapala	NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)
Shurapala I	850–853	861–866	860–865	850–858
Vigrahapala I				858–60
Narayanapala	854–908	866–920	865–920	860–917
Rajyapala	908–940	920–952	920–952	917–952
Gopala II	940–957	952–969	952–967	952–972
Vigrahapala II	960–c. 986	969–995	967–980	972–977
Mahipala I	988–c. 1036	995–1043	980–1035	977–1027
Nayapala	1038–1053	1043–1058	1035–1050	1027–1043
Vigrahapala III	1054–1072	1058–1075	1050–1076	1043–1070
Mahipala II	1072–1075	1075–1080	1076–1078/9	1070–1071
Shurapala	1075–1077	1080–1082		1071–1072
Ramapala	1077–1130	1082–1124	1078/9–1132	1072–1126
Kumarapala	1130–1125	1124–1129	1132–1136	1126–1128
Gopala III	1140–1144	1129–1143	1136–1144	1128–1143
Madanapala	1144–1162	1143–1162	1144–1161/62	1143–1161
Govindapala	1155–1159	NA	1162–1176 or 1158–1162	1161–1165
Palapala	NA	NA	NA	1165–1199

Note:^[12]

• Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
• AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
• According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are possible.

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 800–c. 1305)

• Upendra (c. 800–c. 818)
• Vairisimha I (c. 818–c. 843)
• Siyaka I (c. 843–c. 893)
• Vakpati (c. 893–c. 918)
• Vairisimha II (c. 918–c. 948)
• Siyaka II (c. 948–c. 974)
• Vakpatiraja (c. 974 – c. 995)
• Sindhuraja (c. 995 – c. 1010)
• Bhoja I (c. 1010 – c. 1055)
• Jayasimha I (c. 1055 – c. 1060)
• Udayaditya (c. 1060 – c. 1087)
• Lakshmanadeva (c. 1087 – c. 1097)
• Naravarman (c. 1097 – c. 1134)
• Yasovarman (c. 1134 – c. 1142)
• Jayavarman I (c. 1142 – c. 1160)
• Vindhyavarman (c. 1160 – c. 1193)
• Subhatavarman (c. 1193 – c. 1210)
• Arjunavarman I (c. 1210 – c. 1218)
• Devapala (c. 1218 – c. 1239)
• Jaitugideva (c. 1239 – c. 1256)
• Jayavarman II (c. 1256 – c. 1269)
• Jayasimha II (c. 1269 – c. 1274)
• Arjunavarman II (c. 1274 – c. 1283)
• Bhoja II (born c. 1283)
• Mahlakadeva (died 1305)

Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri (850–1334 CE)

• Dridhaprahara
• Seunachandra (850–874)
• Dhadiyappa (874–900)
• Bhillama I (900–925)
• Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
• Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
• Bhillama II (975–1005)
• Vesugi I (1005–1020)
• Bhillama III (1020–1055)
• Vesugi II (1055–1068)
• Bhillama III (1068)
• Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
• Airamadeva (1085–1115)
• Singhana I (1115–1145)
• Mallugi I (1145–1150)
• Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
• Govindaraja (1160)
• Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
• Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
• Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
• Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
• Singhana II (1200–1247)
• Kannara (1247–1261)
• Mahadeva (1261–1271)
• Amana (1271)
• Ramachandra (1271–1312)
• Singhana III (1312–1313)
• Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
• Mallugi III (1318–1334)

Roopak Dynasty (c. 890–895)

Brahmin Shahi Dynasty (c. 890–964)

• Lalliya (c. 890–895)
• Kamaluka (895–921)
• Bhima (921–964), son of Kamaluka

Janjua Shahi Dynasty (964–1026 CE)

• Jayapala (964–1001)
• Anandapala (1001–1011)
• Roopak (1011–1022)
• Bhímapála (1022–1026)

Hoysala Dynasty (1000–1346)

Hoysala Kings (1026–1343)
Nripa Kama II	(1026–1047)
Hoysala Vinayaditya	(1047–1098)
Ereyanga	(1098–1102)
Veera Ballala I	(1102–1108)
Vishnuvardhana	(1108–1152)
Narasimha I	(1152–1173)
Veera Ballala II	(1173–1220)
Vira Narasimha II	(1220–1235)
Vira Someshwara	(1235–1263)
Narasimha III	(1263–1292)
Veera Ballala III	(1292–1343)
Harihara Raya (Vijayanagara Empire)	(1342–1355)

• Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
• Vinayaditya I (1045–1098)
• Ereyanga (1098–1100)
• Ballala (1100–1108)
• Vishnuvardhana (1108–1142)
• Narasimha I (1142–1173), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
• Ballala II (1173–1220)
• Narasimha II (1220–1235)
• Vira Someshwara (1235–1253)
• Narasimha III and Ramanatha (1253–1295)
• Ballala III (1295–1342)

Sena Empire Dynasty rule over Bengal (1070–1230 CE)

• Hemanta Sen (1070–1096)
• Vijay Sen (1096–1159)
• Ballal Sen (1159–1179)
• Lakshman Sen (1179–1206)
• Vishwarup Sen (1206–1225)
• Keshab Sen (1225–1230)

Eastern Ganga dynasty (1078–1434)

• Anantavarman Chodaganga (1078–1147)
• Ananga Bhima Deva II (1170–1198)
• Anangabhima Deva III (1211–1238)
• Narasimha Deva I (1238–1264)
• Bhanu Deva I (1264–1279)
• Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
• Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
• Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
• Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
• Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
• Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)

Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323 CE)

• Beta I (1000–1030)
• Prola I (1030–1075)
• Beta II (1075–1110)
• Prola II (1110–1158)
• Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195)
• Mahadeva (1195–1198). Brother of King Rudradeva
• Ganapathi deva (1199–1261)
• Rudrama devi (1262–1296)
• Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). Grandson of Queen Rudramba

Kalachuri (Southern) Dynasty (1130–1184)

• Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CE
• Sovideva (1168–1176)
• Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama
• Sankama (1176–1180)
• Ahavamalla (1180–83)
• Singhana (1183–84)

Sutiya Dynasty ruled over eastern Assam (1187–1524)

Sutiya dynasty
Part of History of Assam
Kings of Sutiya kingdom (1187 - 1524)
Birpal	1187- 1210
Ratnadhwajpal	1210- 1250
Vijayadhwajpal	1250- 1270
Vikramadhwajpal	1270- 1285
Gauradhwajpal	1285- 1305
Sankhadhwajpal	1305- 1325
Mayuradhwajpal	1325- 1343
Jayadhwajpal	1343- 1360
Karmadhwajpal	1360- 1380
Satyanarayan	1380- 1400
Laksminarayan	1400- 1420
Dharmanarayan	1420- 1445
Pratyashnarayan	1445- 1465
Yasnarayan	1465- 1480
Purnadhabnarayan	1480- 1500
Dharmadhajpal	1500- 1522
Nityapal	1522- 1524
Sutiya monarchy data
Swarnagiri Ratnapur Sadiya (Capitals of the kingdom)
Peacock Flag (Royal Flag)
Golden cat and sword (Coats of arms)
Sutiya Buranji (Chronicle)

• Birpal (1187–1224)
• Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
• Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
• Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
• Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
• Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
• Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
• Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
• Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
• Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
• Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
• Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
• Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
• Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
• Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
• Nitypal (1522–1524)

Bana Dynasty rule over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260 CE)

Kadava Dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE)

• Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216 – 1242)
• Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243 – 1279)

The Muslim Rule (1206–1526)

Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)

Despite the name, the capital was repeatedly elsewhere than Delhi city, and not always near.

Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)

• Qutb-ud-din Aybak (1206–1210)
• Aram Shah (1210–1211)
• Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
• Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
• Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
• Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
• Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
• Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
• Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
• Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)
• Shamsuddin Kayumars(1290)

Khilji Dynasty (1290–1320)

• Jalal ud din Fir oz Khaliji (1290–1296), founder of the Khilji dynasty, defeated some invading Mongol armies
• Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316), considered the greatest of the Delhi Sultans, unified India and defeated a number of invading Mongol armies
• Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316–1320). The Delhi Sultanate had shunt during his

• Khusro Khan (1320)

Tughlaq Dynasty (1321–1414)

• Ghiyasu-Din Tughluq (1321–1325)
• Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325–1351)
• Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388)
• Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
• Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
• Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (1390–1394)
• Mahmud Nasir ud-Din (Sultan Mahmud) at Delhi (1394–1413)
• Nusrat Shah at Firozabad

Invasion of Timur in 1398 and the end of the Tughluq Dynasty as known earlier.

Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451)

• Khizr (1414–1421)
• Mubarik II (1421–1434)
• Muhamed IV (1434–1445)
• Alem I (1445–1451)

Lodi Dynasty (1451–1526)

• Bahlol Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
• Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)
• Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Delhi Sultanate with the Mughal Empire)

Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)

• Ala ud din Bahman Shah (1347–1358), established his capital at Gulbarga
• Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
• Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
• Daud Shah I (1378)
• Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
• Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
• Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
• Taj ud din Feroz Shah (1397–1422)
• Shahab ud din Ahmad Shah I (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
• Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
• Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
• Nizam ud din Ahmad Shah III (1461–1463)
• Shams ud din Muhammad Shah III (1463–1482)
• Mahmud Shah (1482–1518)
• Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
• Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
• Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
• Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)

Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)

Ghoris (1390–1436)

• Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
• Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
• Ghazni Khan Muhamnmad (1435–1436)
• Mas'ud Khan (1436)

Khiljis (1436–1535)

• Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
• Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
• Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
• Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)

Under Gujarat (1530–1534)

• Amit parsagandites (1534–1535)

Qadirid (1535–1555)

• Qadir Shah (1535–1542)

Under the Mughal Empire (1542–1555)

Shaja'atid (1555–1562)

• Shaja'at Khan (1555)
• Miyan Bayezid Baz Bahadur (1555–1562)

Ahom Dynasty ruled over Assam (1228–1826)

Ahom dynasty 1 Sukaphaa 1228–1268 2 Suteuphaa 1268–1281 3 Subinphaa 1281–1293 4 Sukhaangphaa 1293–1332 5 Sukhrangpha 1332–1364 Interregnum 1364–1369 6 Sutuphaa 1369–1376 Interregnum 1376–1380 7 Tyao Khamti 1380–1389 Interregnum 1389–1397 8 Sudangphaa 1397–1407 9 Sujangphaa 1407–1422 10 Suphakphaa 1422–1439 11 Susenphaa 1439–1488 12 Suhenphaa 1488–1493 13 Supimphaa 1493–1497 14 Suhungmung 1497–1539 15 Suklenmung 1539–1552 16 Sukhaamphaa 1552–1603 17 Susenghphaa 1603–1641 18 Suramphaa 1641–1644 19 Sutingphaa 1644–1648 20 Sutamla 1648–1663 21 Supangmung 1663–1670 22 Sunyatphaa 1670–1672 23 Suklamphaa 1672–1674 24 Suhung 1674–1675 25 Gobar Roja 1675–1675 26 Sujinphaa 1675–1677 27 Sudoiphaa 1677–1679 28 Sulikphaa 1679–1681 29 Gadadhar Singha 1681–1696 30 Sukhrungphaa 1696–1714 31 Sutanphaa 1714–1744 32 Sunenphaa 1744–1751 33 Suremphaa 1751–1769 34 Sunyeophaa 1769–1780 35 Suhitpangphaa 1780–1795 36 Suklingphaa 1795–1811 37 Sudingphaa 1811–1818 38 Purandar Singha 1818–1819 39 Sudingphaa 1819–1821 40 Jogeswar Singha 1821–1822 41 Purandar Singha 1833–1838

• Sukaphaa (1228–1268)
• Sutephaa (1268–1281)
• Subinphaa (1281–1293)
• Sukhaangphaa (1293–1332)
• Sukhrampha (1332–1364)
• Interregnum (1364–1369)
• Sutuphaa (1369–1376)
• Interregnum (1376–1380)
• Tyao Khamti (1380–1389)
• Interregnum (1389–1397)
• Sudangphaa (1397–1407)
• Sujangphaa (1407–1422)
• Suphakphaa (1422–1439)
• Susenphaa (1439–1488)
• Suhenphaa (1488–1493)
• Supimphaa (1493–1497)
• Swarganarayan (1497–1539)
• Suklenmung (1539–1552)
• Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603)
• Pratap Singha (1603–1641)
• Jayaditya Singha (1641–1644)
• Sutingphaa (1644–1648)
• Jayadhwaj Singha (1648–1663)
• Chakradhwaj Singha (1663–1670)
• Udayaaditya Singha (1670–1672)
• Ramadhwaj Singha (1672–1674)
• Suhunga (1674–1675)
• Gobar (1675–1675)
• Sujinphaa (1675–1677)
• Sudoiphaa (1677–1679)
• Ratnadhwaj Singha (1679–1681)
• Gadadhar Singha (1681–1696)
• Rudra Singha (1696–1714)
• Siba Singha (1714–1744)
• Pramatta Singha (1744–1751)
• Rajeswar Singha (1751–1769)
• Lakshmi Singha (1769–1780)
• Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795)
• Kamaleswar Singha (1795–1811)
• Chandrakanta Singha (1811–1818)
• Purandar Singha (1818–1819)
• Chandrakanta Singha (1819–1821)
• Jogeshwar Singha (1821–1822)
• Purandar Singha (1833–1838)

Reddy dynasty (1325–1448 CE)

• Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335)
• Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
• Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
• Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
• Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
• Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
• Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448)

Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)

Vijayanagara Empire

Sangama dynasty Harihara I 1336–1356 Bukka Raya I 1356–1377 Harihara Raya II 1377–1404 Virupaksha Raya 1404–1405 Bukka Raya II 1405–1406 Deva Raya I 1406–1422 Ramachandra Raya 1422 Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya 1422–1424 Deva Raya II 1424–1446 Mallikarjuna Raya 1446–1465 Virupaksha Raya II 1465–1485 Praudha Raya 1485 Saluva dynasty Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya 1485–1491 Thimma Bhupala 1491 Narasimha Raya II 1491–1505 Tuluva dynasty Tuluva Narasa Nayaka 1491–1503 Vira Narasimha Raya 1503–1509 Krishna Deva Raya 1509–1529 Achyuta Deva Raya 1529–1542 Venkata I 1542 Sadasiva Raya 1542–1570 Aravidu dynasty Aliya Rama Raya 1542–1565 Tirumala Deva Raya 1565–1572 Sriranga I 1572–1586 Venkata II 1586–1614 Sriranga II 1614 Rama Deva Raya 1617–1632 Venkata III 1632–1642 Sriranga III 1642–1646

Sangama Dynasty (1336–1487)

• Harihara I (Deva Raya) 1336–1343
• Bukka I (1343–1379)
• Harihara II (1379–1399)
• Bukka II (1399–1406)
• Deva Raya I (1406–1412)
• Vira Vijaya (1412–1419)
• Deva Raya II (1419–1444)
• (Not known) (1444–1449)
• Mallikarjuna (1452–1465)
• Rajasekhara (1468–1469)
• Virupaksha I (1470–1471)
• Praudha Deva Raya (1476–?)
• Rajasekhara (1479–1480)
• Virupaksha II (1483–1484)
• Rajasekharak (1486–1487)

Saluva Dynasty (1490–1567)

• Narasimha (1490–1503)
• Narasa (Vira Narasimha) (1503–1509)
• Achyuta (1530–1542)
• Sadasiva (1542–1567)

Tuluva Dynasty (1542–1614)

• Krishnadevraya
• Rama (1542–1565)
• Tirumala (1565–1567)
• Tirumala (1567–1575)
• Ranga II (1575–1586)
• Venkata I (1586–1614)

Rulers of Mysore/Khudadad (1399–1950)

Wodeyar Dynasty (first rule, 1399–1761)

• Yaduraya (1399–1423)
• Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478)
• Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513)
• Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572)
• Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576)
• Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578)
• Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637)
• Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638)
• (Ranadhira) Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659)
• Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673)
• Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704)
• Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714)
• Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734)
• (Immadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761
• Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772), ruled under Hyder Ali
• Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776), ruled under Hyder Ali
• Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782, then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796

The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1796 to 1799.

Hyder Ali's Dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799)

• Hyder Ali (1761–1782), Muslim commander deposing the Hindu Maharaja, fought the British and Nizams of Hyderabad in the first of 4 Anglo-Mysore Wars
• Tipu Sultan (Tiger of Mysore) (1782–1799), son of Hyder Ali, considered the greatest ruler of Mysore, assumed the novel style Badhshah Bahadur of Khudadad (thus claiming the paramountcy of India instead of the Mughal 'mere' Badhshah), fought the British, Marathas and Nizams of Hyderabad in the 3 Anglo-Mysore Wars (where iron rockets) were first used, allied to the French, and lost everything

Wodeyar Dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950)

• (Mummudi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894)
• H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from 1894 to 1902
• (Nalvadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940)
• Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950)

Gajapati Kingdom (1434–1541 CE)

• Kapilendra Deva (1434–67)
• Purushottama Deva (1467–97)
• Prataparudra Deva (1497–1540)
• Kalua Deva (1540–41)
• Kakharua Deva (1541)

Maharajas of Cochin (Perumpadapu Swaroopam, 1503–1964)

Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal, is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century CE. But the records we have start in 1503.

1. Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
2. Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
3. Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
4. Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
5. Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
6. Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
7. Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
8. Godavarma (1637–1645)
9. Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
10. Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
11. Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
12. Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
13. Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
14. Goda Varma (1662–1663)
15. Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
16. Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
17. Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
18. Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
19. Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
20. Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
21. Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
22. Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
23. Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
24. Veera Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)
25. Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)
26. Shaktan Thampuran (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
27. Rama Varma X (1805–1809) - Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
28. Veera Kerala Varma III (1809–1828) - Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month (Malayalam Era))
29. Rama Varma XI (1828–1837) - Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
30. Rama Varma XII (1837–1844) - Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
31. Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851) - Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
32. Veera Kerala Varma IV (1851–1853) - Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
33. Ravi Varma IV (1853–1864) - Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
34. Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888) - Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
35. Kerala Varma V (1888–1895) - Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
36. Rama Varma XV (1895–1914) - a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
37. Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932) - Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
38. Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941) - Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
39. Kerala Varma VI (1941–1943) - Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
40. Ravi Varma V (1943–1946) - Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
41. Kerala Varma VII (1946–1948) - Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
42. Rama Varma XVIII (1948–1964) - Pareekshit Thampuran

Qutb Shahi Dynasty (1518–1687)

• Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)
• Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
• Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
• Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
• Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)
• Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
• Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
• Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1687)

Mughal Empire (1526–1857)

• Zahir ud din Muhammad Babur (1526–1530), descendant of Mongol conqueror Timur, established the Mughal Empire (one of the 3 earliest gunpowder empires) after defeating the Delhi Sultanate
• Nasir ud din Muhammad Humayun (1530–1540), temporarily lost his empire to the Afghan warrior Sher Shah Suri after being defeated by him, restored his rule after defeating Adil Shah Suri in 1556.
• Jalal ud din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great) (1556–1605), considered the greatest of all Mughals, he restored the rule of his dynasty after defeating Hemchandra Vikramaditya. He carried out the biggest expansion of the Mughal Empire in Northern India
• Nur ud din Muhammad Jahangir (1605–1627), known in legends as Shehzada Salim
• Shihab-ud-din Shah Jahan (1627–1657), constructed the Taj Mahal, which is often regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the World
• Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658–1707), expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent, ruling over most of South Asia and Afghanistan
• Muhammad Azam Shah (1707)
• Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712)
• Jahandar Shah (1712–1713)
• Farrukh Siyar (1713–1719)
• Rafi ud Darajat (1719)
• Rafi ud Daulah (1719)
• Nikusiyar (1719)
• Muhammad Shah (first rule, 1719–1720)
• Muhammad Ibrahim (1720)
• Muhammad Shah (restored) (1720–1748)
• Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1754)
• Alamgir II (1754–1759)
• Shah Jahan III (1760)
• Shah Alam II (1759–1806)
• Akbar Shah II (1806–1837)
• Bahadur Shah II (1837–1857)

Rajput Rulers

Mewar (Sisodia)

Sisodia Rajputs of Mewar I (734–1303)
Bappa Rawal	(734–753)
Khumar II	(812-836)
Bhratrbha
Singh
Allat
Narvahana
Shalivahana
Shaktikumar
Suchivarma
Narvarma
Kirtivarma
Vairat
Vairi Singh
Vijay Singh
Ari Singh
Chaur Singh
Vikram Singh
Kshem Singh
Samant Singh
Kumar Singh
Mathan Singh
Padam Singh
Jait Singh
Tej Singh
Samar Singh
Rawal Ratan Singh	(1302-1303)
Succeeded by ?	(?)

Sisodia Rajputs of Mewar II (1326–1884)
Hammir Singh	(1326–1364)
Kshetra Singh	(1364–1382)
Lakha Singh	(1382–1421)
Mokal Singh	(1421–1433)
Rana Kumbha	(1433–1468)
Udai Singh I	(1468–1473)
Rana Raimal	(1473–1508)
Rana Sanga	(1508–1527)
Ratan Singh II	(1528–1531)
Vikramaditya Singh	(1531–1536)
Vanvir Singh	(1536–1540)
Udai Singh II	(1540–1572)
Maharana Pratap	(1572–1597)
Amar Singh I	(1597–1620)
Karan Singh II	(1620–1628)
Jagat Singh I	(1628–1652)
Raj Singh I	(1652–1680)
Jai Singh	(1680–1698)
Amar Singh II	(1698–1710)
Sangram Singh II	(1710–1734)
Jagat Singh II	(1734–1751)
Pratap Singh II	(1751–1754)
Raj Singh II	(1754–1762)
Ari Singh II	(1762–1772)
Hamir Singh II	(1772–1778)
Bhim Singh	(1778–1828)
Jawan Singh	(1828–1838)
Shambhu Singh	(1861–1874)
Sajjan Singh	(1874–1884)
Fateh Singh	(1884–1930)
Bhupal Singh	(1930–1947)

Sisodia Rajputs of Mewar II (1326–1884) Hammir Singh (1326–1364) Kshetra Singh (1364–1382) Lakha Singh (1382–1421) Mokal Singh (1421–1433) Rana Kumbha (1433–1468) Udai Singh I (1468–1473) Rana Raimal (1473–1508) Rana Sanga (1508–1527) Ratan Singh II (1528–1531) Vikramaditya Singh (1531–1536) Vanvir Singh (1536–1540) Udai Singh II (1540–1572) Maharana Pratap (1572–1597) Amar Singh I (1597–1620) Karan Singh II (1620–1628) Jagat Singh I (1628–1652) Raj Singh I (1652–1680) Jai Singh (1680–1698) Amar Singh II (1698–1710) Sangram Singh II (1710–1734) Jagat Singh II (1734–1751) Pratap Singh II (1751–1754) Raj Singh II (1754–1762) Ari Singh II (1762–1772) Hamir Singh II (1772–1778) Bhim Singh (1778–1828) Jawan Singh (1828–1838) Shambhu Singh (1861–1874) Sajjan Singh (1874–1884) Fateh Singh (1884–1930) Bhupal Singh

Rathore

• Maldeo Rathore

Suri Dynasty (1540–1555)

• Sher Shah (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor Humayun
• Islam Shah Suri (1545–1554)
• Firuz Shah Suri (1554)
• Muhammad Adil Shah (1554–1555)
• Ibrahim Shah Suri (1555)
• Sikandar Shah Suri (1554–1555)
• Adil Shah (1555–1556)

Chogyal, monarchs of Sikkim and Ladakh (1642–1975)

Maratha Empire (1674–1818)

Maratha Emperors (1674–1818) Shivaji 1674–1680 Sambhaji 1680–1689 Rajaram Chhatrapati 1689–1700 Queen Tarabai 1700–1707 Chhatrapati Shahu 1707–1749 Rajaram II of Satara 1749–1777 Peshwas Prime Ministers (1674–1818) Moropant Pingle 1674–1689 Ramchandra Pant Amatya 1689–1708 Bahiroji Pingale 1708–1711 Parshuram Trimbak Kulkarni 1711–1713 Balaji Vishwanath 1712–1719 Bajirao I 1719–1740 Balaji Baji Rao (Nanasaheb) 1740–1761 Madhavrao Ballal 1761–1772 Narayan Rao 1772–1773 Raghunathrao 1773–1774 Sawai Madhavrao 1774–1795 Baji Rao II 1795–1818

Shivaji Era

• Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died on 3 April 1680)
• Chhatrapati Sambhaji (1680–1688), elder son of Shivaji
• Chhatrapati Rajaram (1688–1700), younger son of Shivaji
• Rajmata Tarabai, regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
• Chhatrapati Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the Kolhapur Chhatrapatis

The Empire was divided between two branches of the family c. 1707–10; and the division was formalized in 1731.

Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947)

• Chhatrapati Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)
• Sambhaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)
• Rajmata Jijibai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
• Rajmata Durgabai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
• Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor's senior widow
• Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)
• Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)
• Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)
• Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)
• Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)
• Council of regency (1870–94)
• Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)
• Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II
• Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Shahaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II

The state acceded unto the Dominion of India following the independence of India in 1947.^[17]

Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1839)

• Shahu I (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.
• Ramaraja (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.
• Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.
• Pratapsinh (1808–1839)
• Shahaji III (1839–1848)
• Pratapsinh I (adopted)
• Rajaram III
• Pratapsinh II
• Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)

The Peshwas (1713–1858)

Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Maharaja, and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.

• Balaji Vishwanath (1713 – 2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
• Peshwa Bajirao I (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 Aug. 1700, died 28 April 1740)
• Balaji Bajirao (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 Dec. 1721, d. 23 Jun. 1761)
• Madhavrao Ballal (1761 – 18 Nov. 1772) (b. 16 Feb. 1745, d. 18 Nov. 1772)
• Narayanrao Bajirao (13 Dec. 1772 – 30 Aug. 1773) (b. 10 Aug. 1755, d. 30 Aug. 1773)
• Raghunath Rao Bajirao (5 Dec. 1773 – 1774) (b. 18 Aug. 1734, d. 11 Dec. 1783)
• Sawai Madhavrao (1774 – 27 Oct. 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 Oct. 1795)
• Baji Rao II (6 Dec. 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 Jan. 1851)
• Nana Sahib (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 Sep. 1859)

Bhosale Maharajas of Thanjavur (?–1799)

Descended from a brother of Shivaji; ruled independently and had no formal relationship with the Maratha Empire.

• Ekoji I
• Shahuji I of Thanjavur
• Serfoji I
• Tukkoji
• Ekoji II
• Sujanbai
• Shahuji II of Thanjavur
• Pratapsingh of Thanjavur (r. 1737–63)
• Tulojirao Bhonsle of Thanjavur (b. 1738, r. 1763–87), elder son of Pratapasimha
• Serfoji II of Thanjavur (r. 1787–93 & 1798–99, d. 1832); adoptive son of Tuloji Bhonsle
• Ramaswami Amarasimha Bhonsle (r. 1793–98); younger son of Pratapasimha

The state was annexed by the British in 1799.^[18]

Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1799–1881)

• Raghoji I (1738–1755)
• Janoji (1755–1772)
• Sabaji (1772–1775)
• Mudhoji I (1775–1788)
• Raghoji II (1788–1816)
• Parsoji Bhonsle (18??–1817)
• Mudhoji II (1816–1818)
• Raghoji III (1818–1853)
• 1853 to Great Britain
• Janoji II (1853–1881) (adopted)
• Raghujideo (1881)
• The kingdom was annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse.^[19]

Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948)

• Malharrao Holkar (I) (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
• Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
• Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
• Tukojirao Holkar (I) (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
• Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
• Yashwantrao Holkar (I) (r. 1798 – 27 November 1811)
• Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar (III) (r. November 1811 – 27 October 1833)
• Martandrao Malharrao Holkar (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
• Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
• Khanderao Harirao Holkar (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 February 1844)
• Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar (II) (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
• Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
• Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar (III) (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
• Yashwantrao Holkar (II) (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.

Scindia rulers of Gwalior (?–1947)

• Ranojirao Scindia (1731 – 19 July 1745)
• Jayapparao Scindia (1745 – 25 July 1755)
• Jankojirao I Scindia (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
• Meharban Dattaji Rao Scindia, Regent (1755 – 10 January 1760). Died 1760
• Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763
• Kedarjirao Scindia (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
• Manajirao Scindia Phakade (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
• Mahadaji Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
• Daulatrao Scindia (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
• Jankojirao II Scindia (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
• Jayajirao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
• Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
• George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.

• Madhavrao Scindia (6 February 1949; died 2001)
• Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (born 1 January 1971)

Gaekwad rulers of Baroda (Vadodara) (1721–1947)

• Pilaji Rao Gaekwad (1721–1732)
• Damaji Rao Gaekwad (1732–1768)
• Govind Rao Gaekwad (1768–1771)
• Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I (1771–1789)
• Manaji Rao Gaekwad (1789–1793)
• Govind Rao Gaekwad (restored) (1793–1800)
• Anand Rao Gaekwad (1800–1818)
• Sayaji Rao II Gaekwad (1818–1847)
• Ganpat Rao Gaekwad (1847–1856)
• Khande Rao Gaekwad (1856–1870)
• Malhar Rao Gaekwad (1870–1875)
• Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1875–1939)
• Pratap Singh Gaekwad (1939–1951)

Adil Shahi dynasty (1490-1686)

• Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1510)
• Ismail Adil Shah (1510–1534)
• Mallu Adil Shah (1534)
• Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558)
• Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1579)
• Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
• Mohammed Adil Shah (1627–1657)
• Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672)
• Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686)

Nizam Shahi Dynasty (1490–1636)

• Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I (1490–1510)
• Burhan Nizam Shah I (1510–1553)
• Hussain Nizam Shah I (1553–1565)
• Murtaza Nizam Shah (1565–1588)
• Miran Nizam Hussain (1588–1589)
• Isma'il Nizam Shah (1589–1591)
• Burhan Nizam Shah II (1591–1595)
• Ibrahim Nizam Shah (1595–1596)
• Ahmad Nizam Shah II (1596)
• Bahadur Nizam Shah (1596–1600)
• Murtaza Nizam Shah II (1600–1610)
• Burhan Nizam Shah III (1610–1631)
• Hussain Nizam Shah II (1631–1633)
• Murtaza Nizam Shah III (1633–1636).^[20]

Berar Sultanate (1490-1572)

• Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (1490–1504)
• Ala-ud-din Imad Shah 1504–1530)
• Darya Imad Shah (1530–1562)
• Burhan Imad Shah (1562–1574)
• Tufal Khan (usurper) 1574

Bidar Sultanate(1492-1542)

• Qasim Barid I (1492–1504)
• Amir Barid I (1504–1542)
• Ali Barid Shah (1542–1580)
• Ibrahim Barid Shah (1580–1587)
• Qasim Barid Shah II (1587–1591)
• Ali Barid Shah II (1591)
• Amir Barid Shah II (1591–1600)
• Mirza Ali Barid Shah III (1600–1609)
• Amir Barid Shah III (1609–1619).^[20]
• Amir Barid I 1504–1542

Qutb Shahi dynasty(1518-1687)

• Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk (1518–1543)
• Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
• Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
• Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
• Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1611)
• Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1611–1626)
• Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
• Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1687).^[21]

The major Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (1707–1856)

Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770)

• Murshid Quli Jafar Khan (1707–1727)
• Sujauddin Khan (1727–1739)
• Sarfraz Khan (1739–1740)
• Alivardi Khan (1740–1756)
• Siraj Ud Daulah (1756–1757)
• Mir Jafar (1757–1760)
• Mir Qasim (1760–1763)
• Mir Jafar Khan (1763–1765)
• Najm ud Daulah (1765–1766)
• Saif ud Daulah (1766–1770)

Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858)

• Saadat Ali Khan I (1719–1737)
• Safdarjung (1737–1753)
• Shuja-ud-Daula (1753–1775)
• Asaf-ud-Daula (1775–1797)
• Wazir Ali Khan (1797–1798)
• Saadat Ali Khan II (1798–1814)
• Akhil Sharma (1814–1827)
• Nasiruddin Haider (1827–1837)
• Muhammad Ali Shah (1837–1842)
• Amjad Ali Shah (1842–1847)
• Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856)
• Birjis Qadra (1856–1858)

Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948)

• Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I (1720–1748)
• Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah (1748–1750)
• Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa'adu'llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang (1750–1751)
• Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang (1751–1762)
• Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II (1762–1803)
• Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III (1803–1829)
• Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV (1829–1857)
• Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V (1857–1869)
• Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI (1869–1911)
• Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII (1911–1948)

Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1947)

• Marthanda Varma (1729–1758)
• Dharma Raja (1758–1798)
• Balarama Varma (1798–1810)
• Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815)
• Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829)
• Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846)
• Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860)
• Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880)
• Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885)
• Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924)
• Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931)
• Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949)

Sikh Empire (1801–1849)

• Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839)
• Kharak Singh (b. 1801, d. 1840), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
• Nau Nihal Singh (b. 1821, d. 1840), grandson of Ranjit Singh
• Chand Kaur (b. 1802, d. 1842) was briefly Regent
• Sher Singh (b. 1807, d. 1843), son of Ranjit Singh
• Duleep Singh (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893), youngest son of Ranjit Singh

The British Empire annexed the Punjab c. 1845–49; after the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars

British Emperors of India (1876–1947)

• Queen-Empress Victoria (1876–1901)
• King-Emperor Edward VII (1901–1910)
• King-Emperor George V (1910–1936)
• King-Emperor Edward VIII (1936)
• King-Emperor George VI (1936–1947)^{[nb 1]}

Dominion of India (1947–1950)

• George VI, King of India (1947–1950) retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948.^[22]

Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956)

• George VI, King of Pakistan (1947-1952)
• Elizabeth II, Queen of Pakistan (1952-1956)

See also

• History of South Asia
• History of India
• History of Pakistan
• Middle kingdoms of India
• List of Mauryan emperors
• List of Mughal emperors
• British Empire
• Mughal Empire
• Maratha Empire
• List of Indian Princely states
• Rulers of Malwa
• Emperor, Emperor of India, Paramount ruler
• Nawab, Nizam, Padishah, Shah, Sultan
• Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Punjab.
• Governor General of India
• Badami Chalukyas, Badami, Pattadakal, Aihole, Mahakuta
• Western Chalukyas, Mahadeva Temple, Itagi, Lakkundi, Chaudayyadanapura, Galaganatha
• Rashtrakutas, Ellora, Kailash Temple
• Vijayanagara Empire, Hampi

Notes

1. However the title "Emperor of India" did not disappear with Indian independence from Britain in 1947, but in 1948, as when India became the Dominion of India (1947–1950) after independence in 1947, George VI retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948, and thereafter he remained monarch of India until it became the Republic of India in 1950.^[22]

References

1. Dayanand Saraswati, Satyartha Prakash
2. Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India. Pearson Education India. pp. 381–384. ISBN 9788131711200.
3. Charles Higham (2009). Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations. Infobase Publishing. p. 299. ISBN 9781438109961.
4. Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007). Ancient India, S.Chand & Company, New Delhi, ISBN 81-219-0887-6, pp.594–6
5. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 33, Page xxi
6. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 33
7. M. L. Bhargava, Hemu and his time, page 3
8. Alexander Cunnigham, Four reports made during the years, 1862-63-64-65, Volume 1
9. Hickey, William (1874). The Tanjore Mahratta Principality in Southern India. Pg.xix (Google books). ISBN 81-206-0302-8. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
10. Sir Alexander Cunningham, Archaeological Survey of India, Four reports made during the years, 1862-63-64-65, Volume 2, page v
11. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 33, Asiatic Society of Bengal
12. Susan L. Huntington (1 January 1984). The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture. Brill Archive. ISBN 90-04-06856-2.
13. History of Ancient Bengal, pp. 161–162, 1971
14. Abdul Momin Chowdhury (1967). Dynastic history of Bengal, c. 750-1200 CE. Asiatic Society of Pakistan. pp. 272–273.
15. Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha (1 January 1977). Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D. Abhinav Publications. pp. 253–. GGKEY:KR1EJ2EGCTJ.
16. Dineshchandra Sircar (1975–76). "Indological Notes - R.C. Majumdar's Chronology of the Pala Kings". Journal of Indian History IX: 209–10.
17. "kolhap2". Royalark.net. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
18. "tanjore2". Royalark.net. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
19. Bhosle of Nagpur and East India Company - Prabhakar Gadre - Google Books. Books.google.co.in. 2008-09-03. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
20. Michell, George & Mark Zebrowski. Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, ISBN 0-521-56321-6, p.274
21. Michell, George & Mark Zebrowski. Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, ISBN 0-521-56321-6, p.275
22. The London Gazette: no. 38330. p. 3647. 22 June 1948. Retrieved 25 August 2014. Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with the Indian Independence Act 1947, 10 & 11 GEO. 6. CH. 30.('Section 7: ...(2)The assent of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is hereby given to the omission from the Royal Style and Titles of the words " Indiae Imperator " and the words " Emperor of India " and to the issue by His Majesty for that purpose of His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm.'). According to this Royal Proclamation, the King retained the Style and Titles 'George VI by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith', and he thus remained King of the various Dominions, including India and Pakistan, though these two (and others) eventually chose to abandon their monarchies and became republics.

Sources and External links

• RoyalArk - India pages
• Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace - Great Mughal Emperors of India