List of state leaders in 1966

See also
List of state leaders in 1965 Events of 1966 List of state leaders in 1967 State leaders by year List of religious leaders in 1966 List of sovereign states in 1966 List of colonial governors in 1966

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1966.

Africa

Algeria
- Head of State – Houari Boumediene, President of the Revolutionary Council of Algeria (1965–1978)
Botswana
- the Bechuanaland Protectorate gained independence on 30 September 1966
- Resident Commissioner – Sir Hugh Norman-Walker, Commissioner of Bechuanaland (1965–1966)
- President – Sir Seretse Khama, President of Botswana (1966–1980)
- Prime Minister – Sir Seretse Khama, Prime Minister of Bechuanaland (1965–1966)
Burundi
- the Republic of Burundi supersedes the Kingdom of Burundi on 28 November 1966
- Monarch –
  1. Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, King of Burundi (1915–1966)^[1]
  2. Ntare V, King of Burundi (1966)
- President – Michel Micombero, President of Burundi (1966–1976)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Prince Léopold Biha, Prime Minister of Burundi (1965–1966)
  2. Michel Micombero, Prime Minister of Burundi (1966)
Cameroon
- President – Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon (1960–1982)
- Prime Ministers-
  - East Cameroon – Simon Pierre Tchoungui, Prime Minister of East Cameroon (1965–1972)
  - West Cameroon – Augustine Ngom Jua, Prime Minister of West Cameroon (1965–1968)
Central African Republic
- President –
  1. David Dacko, President of the Central African Republic (1960–1966)
  2. Jean-Bédel Bokassa, President of the Central African Republic (1966–1979)^[2]
Chad
- President – François Tombalbaye, President of Chad (1960–1975)
- Prime Minister – François Tombalbaye, Prime Minister of Chad (1959–1975)^[3]
Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
- President – Alphonse Massemba-Débat, President of the Republic of the Congo (1963–1968)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Pascal Lissouba, Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1963–1966)
  2. Ambroise Noumazalaye, Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1966–1968)
Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- President – Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965–1997)
- Prime Minister – Léonard Mulumba, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965–1966)
Dahomey
- President – Christophe Soglo, President of Dahomey (1965–1967)
- Prime Minister – Christophe Soglo, Prime Minister of Dahomey (1965–1967)
Egypt (United Arab Republic)
- President – Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (1954–1970)^[4]
- Prime Minister –
  1. Zakaria Mohieddin, Prime Minister of Egypt (1965–1966)
  2. Muhammad Sedki Sulayman, Prime Minister of Egypt (1966–1967)
Ethiopia
- Monarch – Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[5]
- Prime Minister – Aklilu Habte-Wold, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1961–1974)
Gabon
- President – Léon M'ba, President of Gabon (1964–1967)
The Gambia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Gambia (1965–1970)
- Governor-General –
  1. Sir John Warburton Paul, Governor-General of The Gambia (1962–1966)^[6]
  2. Sir Farimang Mamadi Singateh, Governor-General of The Gambia (1966–1970)
- Prime Minister – Sir Dawda Jawara, Prime Minister of The Gambia (1962–1970)^[7]
Ghana
- Head of State –
  1. Kwame Nkrumah, President for Life of Ghana (1960–1966)
  2. Joseph Arthur Ankrah, Chairman of the National Liberation Council of Ghana (1966–1969)
Guinea
- President – Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958–1984)
Ivory Coast
- President – Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)
Kenya
- President – Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya (1964–1978)
Lesotho
- Basutoland gained independence on 4 October 1966
- British Government Representative – Alexander Falconer Giles, British Government Representative in Basutoland (1961–1966)
- Monarch – Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho^[8] (1960–1970)
- Prime Minister – Leabua Jonathan, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1965–1986)
Liberia
- President – William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
Libya
- Monarch – Idris, King of Libya (1951–1969)
- Prime Minister – Hussein Maziq, Prime Minister of Libya (1965–1967)
Malagasy Republic
- President – Philibert Tsiranana, President of the Malagasy Republic (1959–1972)^[9]
Malawi
- Malawi was superseded by the Republic of Malawi on 6 July 1966
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Malawi (1964–1966)
- Governor-General – Sir Glyn Smallwood Jones, Governor-General of Malawi (1961–1966)^[10]
- President – Hastings Banda, President of Malawi (1966–1994)
- Prime Minister – Hastings Banda, Prime Minister of Malawi (1963–1966)^[11]
Mali
- President – Modibo Keïta, President of Mali (1960–1968)
Mauritania
- President – Moktar Ould Daddah, President of Mauritania (1960–1978)
Morocco
- Monarch – Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
Niger
- President – Hamani Diori, President of Niger (1960–1974)
Nigeria
- Head of State –
  1. Nnamdi Azikiwe, President of Nigeria (1960–1966)^[12]
  2. Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria (1966)
  3. Yakubu Gowon, Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria (1966–1975)
- Prime Minister – Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Prime Minister of Nigeria (1957–1966)^[13]
Rhodesia (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Rhodesia (unacknowledged by her) (1965–1970)
- Governor – Sir Humphrey Gibbs, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (1959–1969)^[14]
- Officer Administering the Government – Clifford Dupont, Officer Administering the Government of Rhodesia (1965–1975)^[15]
- Prime Minister – Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (1965–1979)
Rwanda
- President – Grégoire Kayibanda, President of Rwanda (1961–1973)^[16]
Senegal
- President – Léopold Sédar Senghor, President of Senegal (1960–1980)
Sierra Leone
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Sierra Leone (1961–1971)
- Governor-General – Sir Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston, Governor-General of Sierra Leone (1962–1967)
- Prime Minister – Sir Albert Margai, Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (1964–1967)
Somalia
- President – Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, President of Somalia (1960–1967)
- Prime Minister – Abdirizak Haji Hussein, Prime Minister of Somalia (1964–1967)
South Africa
- President – Charles Robberts Swart, State President of South Africa (1961–1967)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa (1958–1966)
  2. Theophilus Ebenhaezer Dönges, Acting Prime Minister of South Africa (1966)
  3. B. J. Vorster, Prime Minister of South Africa (1966–1978)
Sudan
- Head of State – Ismail al-Azhari, Chairman of the Sovereignty Council of Sudan (1965–1969)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub, Prime minister of Sudan (1965–1966)
  2. Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime minister of Sudan (1966–1967)
Tanzania
- President – Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania (1962–1985)^[17]
Togo
- President – Nicolas Grunitzky, President of Togo (1963–1967)
Tunisia
- President – Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (1957–1987)
Uganda
- President –
  1. Sir Edward Mutesa II, President of Uganda (1963–1966)
  2. Milton Obote, President of Uganda (1966–1971)
- Prime Minister – Milton Obote, Prime Minister of Uganda (1962–1966)
Upper Volta
- President –
  1. Maurice Yaméogo, President of Upper Volta (1959–1966)^[18]
  2. Sangoulé Lamizana, President of Upper Volta (1966–1980)
Zambia
- President – Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964–1991)

Asia

Afghanistan
- Monarch – Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister – Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1965–1967)
Bhutan
- Monarch – Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1952–1972)
Burma
- President – Ne Win, President of Burma (1962–1981)
- Prime Minister – Ne Win, Prime Minister of Burma (1962–1974)
Cambodia
- Head of State – Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Head of State of Cambodia (1960–1970)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Prince Norodom Kantol, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1962–1966)
  2. Lon Nol, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1966–1967)
Ceylon
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Ceylon (1952–1972)
- Governor-General – William Gopallawa, Governor-General of Ceylon (1962–1978)^[19]
- Prime Minister – Dudley Senanayake, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1965–1970)
China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader – Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
- Head of State – Liu Shaoqi, Chairman of China (1959–1968)
- Premier – Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China (1949–1976)
India
- President – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, President of India (1962–1967)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime Minister of India (1964–1966)
  2. Gulzarilal Nanda, Prime Minister of India (1966)
  3. Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1966–1977)
Indonesia
- President – Sukarno, President for Life of Indonesia (1945–1967)
Iran
- Monarch – Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister – Amir-Abbas Hoveida, Prime Minister of Iran (1965–1977)
Iraq
- President –
  1. Abdul Salam Arif, President of Iraq (1963–1966)
  2. Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz, Acting President of Iraq (1966)
  3. Abdul Rahman Arif, President of Iraq (1966–1968)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz, Prime Minister of Iraq (1965–1966)
  2. Naji Talib, Prime Minister of Iraq (1966–1967)
Israel
- President – Zalman Shazar, President of Israel (1963–1973)
- Prime Minister – Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (1963–1969)
Japan
- Monarch – Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister – Eisaku Satō, Prime Minister of Japan (1964–1972)
Jordan
- Monarch – Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister – Wasfi al-Tal, Prime Minister of Jordan (1965–1967)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader – Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- Head of State – Choi Yong-kun, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1957–1972)
- Prime Minister – Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)^[20]
South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President – Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea (1962–1979)
- Prime Minister – Chung Il-kwon, Prime Minister of South Korea (1964–1970)
Kuwait
- Monarch – Sheikh Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1965–1977)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1965–1978)
Laos
- Monarch – Savang Vatthana, King of Laos (1959–1975)
- Prime Minister – Prince Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos (1962–1975)
Lebanon
- President – Charles Helou, President of Lebanon (1964–1970)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Rashid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1965–1966)
  2. Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1966)
  3. Rashid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1966–1968)
Malaysia
- Monarch – Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1965–1970)
- Prime Minister – Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1955–1970)^[21]
Maldives
- Monarch – Muhammad Fareed Didi, Sultan of the Maldives (1954–1968)^[22]
- Prime Minister – Ibrahim Nasir, Prime Minister of the Maldives (1957–1968)^[22]
Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader – Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1958–1984)
- Head of State – Jamsrangiin Sambuu, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia (1954–1972)
- Premier – Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1952–1974)
Muscat and Oman
- Monarch – Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
Nepal
- Monarch – Mahendra, King of Nepal (1955–1972)
- Prime Minister – Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (1965–1969)
Pakistan
- President – Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan (1958–1969)
Philippines
- President – Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (1965–1986)
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch – Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia (1964–1975)
- Prime Minister – Faisal, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1962–1975)
Singapore
- President – Yusof bin Ishak, President of Singapore (1959–1971)^[23]
- Prime Minister – Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959–1990)^[24]
Syria
- Head of State –
  1. Amin al-Hafiz, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Syria (1963–1966)
  2. Nureddin al-Atassi, Head of State of Syria (1966–1970)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Prime Minister of Syria (1966)
  2. Yusuf Zuaiyin, Prime Minister of Syria (1966–1968)
Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President – Chiang Kai-Shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
- Premier – Yen Chia-kan, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1963–1972)
Thailand
- Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
- Prime Minister – Thanom Kittikachorn, Prime Minister of Thailand (1963–1973)
Turkey
- President –
  1. Cemal Gürsel, President of Turkey (1960–1966)
  2. Cevdet Sunay, President of Turkey (1966–1973)
- Prime Minister – Süleyman Demirel, Prime Minister of Turkey (1965–1971)
North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader – Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1960–1986)
- President – Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier – Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1955–1987)^[25]
South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)
- President – Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, President of South Vietnam (1965–1975)
- Prime Minister – Nguyễn Cao Kỳ, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1965–1967)
Yemen
- President – Abdullah al-Sallal, President of Yemen (1962–1967)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Hassan al-Amri, Prime Minister of Yemen (1965–1966)
  2. Abdullah al-Sallal, Prime Minister of Yemen (1966–1967)

Europe

Albania
- Communist Party Leader – Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State – Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
- Premier – Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)
Andorra
- Monarchs –
  - French Co-Prince – Charles de Gaulle, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1959–1969)
    - Co-Prince's Representative – Roger Vincenot (1964–1970)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince – Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
    - Co-Prince's Representative – Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
- First Syndic –
  1. Julià Reig Ribó, First Syndic of Andorra (1960–1966)
  2. Francesc Escudé Ferrero, First Syndic of Andorra (1966–1972)
Austria –
- President – Franz Jonas, Federal President of Austria (1965–1974)
- Chancellor – Josef Klaus, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1964–1970)
Belgium
- Monarch – Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Pierre Harmel, Prime Minister of Belgium (1965–1966)
  2. Paul Vanden Boeynants, Prime Minister of Belgium (1966–1968)
Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader – Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
- Head of State – Georgi Traykov, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1964–1971)
- Premier – Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1962–1971)
Cyprus
- President – Archbishop Makarios III, President of Cyprus (1960–1974)
Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader – Antonín Novotný, First Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1953–1968)
- President – Antonín Novotný, President of Czechoslovakia (1957–1968)
- Prime Minister – Jozef Lenárt, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1963–1968)
Denmark
- Monarch – Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
- Prime Minister – Jens Otto Krag, Prime Minister of Denmark (1962–1968)
Finland
- President – Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Johannes Virolainen, Prime Minister of Finland (1964–1966)
  2. Rafael Paasio, Prime Minister of Finland (1966–1968)
France
- President – Charles de Gaulle, President of France (1959–1969)
- Prime Minister – Georges Pompidou, Prime Minister of France (1962–1968)
East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader – Walter Ulbricht, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1950–1971)
- Head of State – Walter Ulbricht, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1960–1973)
- Premier – Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1964–1973)
West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President – Heinrich Lübke, Federal President of West Germany (1959–1969)
- Chancellor –
  1. Ludwig Erhard, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1963–1966)
  2. Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1966–1969)
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
  - Governing Mayor –
    1. Willy Brandt, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1957–1966)
    2. Heinrich Albertz, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1966–1967)
Greece
- Monarch – Constantine II, King of the Hellenes (1964–1973)^[26]
- Prime Minister –
  1. Stephanos Stephanopoulos, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1965–1966)
  2. Ioannis Paraskevopoulos, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1966–1967)
Hungary
- Communist Party Leader – János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
- Head of State – István Dobi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1952–1967)
- Premier – Gyula Kállai, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1965–1967)
Iceland
- President – Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, President of Iceland (1952–1968)
- Prime Minister – Bjarni Benediktsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1963–1970)
Ireland
- President – Éamon de Valera, President of Ireland (1959–1973)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Seán Lemass, Taoiseach of Ireland (1959–1966)
  2. Jack Lynch, Taoiseach of Ireland (1966–1973)
Italy
- President – Giuseppe Saragat, President of Italy (1964–1971)
- Prime Minister – Aldo Moro, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1963–1968)
Liechtenstein
- Monarch – Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister – Gerard Batliner, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1962–1970)
Luxembourg
- Monarch – Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Prime Minister – Pierre Werner, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1959–1974)
Malta
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Malta (1964–1974)
- Governor-General – Sir Maurice Henry Dorman, Governor-General of Malta (1962–1971)^[27]
- Prime Minister – Giorgio Borg Olivier, Prime Minister of Malta (1962–1971)^[28]
Monaco
- Monarch – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government –
  1. Jean Reymond, Minister of State of Monaco (1963–1966)
  2. Paul Demange, Minister of State of Monaco (1966–1969)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
  - Prime Minister –
    1. Jo Cals, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1965–1966)
    2. Jelle Zijlstra, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1966–1967)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
  - Governor – Cola Debrot, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1962–1970)
  - Prime Minister – Efraïn Jonckheer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1954–1968)
- Suriname (constituent country)
  - Governor-General – Henri Lucien de Vries, Governor-General of Suriname (1965–1968)
  - Prime Minister – Johan Adolf Pengel, Prime Minister of Suriname (1963–1969)
Norway
- Monarch – Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
- Prime Minister – Per Borten, Prime Minister of Norway (1965–1971)
Poland
- Communist Party Leader – Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1956–1970)
- Head of State – Edward Ochab, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1964–1968)
- Premier – Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1954–1970)
Portugal
- President – Américo Tomás, President of Portugal (1958–1974)
- Premier – António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1933–1968)
Romania
- Communist Party Leader – Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
- Head of State – Chivu Stoica, President of the Council of State of Romania (1965–1967)
- Premier – Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1961–1974)
San Marino
- Captains Regent
  1. Alvaro Casali and Pietro Reffi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1965–1966)
  2. Francesco Valli and Emilio Della Balda, Captains Regent of San Marino (1966)
  3. Giovanni Vito Marcucci and Francesco Maria Francini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1966–1967)
Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader – Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)
- Head of State – Nikolai Podgorny, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1965–1977)
- Premier – Alexei Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1964–1980)
Spain
- Head of State – Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister – Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)
Sweden
- Monarch – Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden (1950–1973)
- Prime Minister – Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)
Switzerland
- Federal Council:^[29]
  Paul Chaudet (1954–1966), Willy Spühler (1959–1970), Ludwig von Moos (1959–1971), Hans-Peter Tschudi (1959–1973), Hans Schaffner (1961–1969, President), Roger Bonvin (1962–1973), Rudolf Gnägi (1965–1979), Nello Celio (1966–1973)
United Kingdom
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister – Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1964–1970)
Vatican City
- Monarch – Pope Paul VI, Sovereign of Vatican City (1963–1978)
- President of the Governorate – Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1961–1969)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
  - Secretary of State – Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, Cardinal Secretary of State (1961–1969)
Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader – Josip Broz Tito, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
- President – Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
- Premier – Petar Stambolić, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1963–1967)

North America

Barbados
- gained independence on 30 November 1966
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General – Sir John Montague Stow, Governor of Barbados (1959–1966), Governor-General of Barbados (1966–1967)
- Prime Minister^[30] – Errol Barrow, Prime Minister of Barbados (1961–1976)
Canada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General – Georges Vanier, Governor General of Canada (1959–1967)
- Prime Minister – Lester B. Pearson, Prime Minister of Canada (1963–1968)
Costa Rica
- President –
  1. Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich, President of Costa Rica (1962–1966)
  2. José Joaquín Trejos Fernández, President of Costa Rica (1966–1970)
Cuba
- Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President – Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President of Cuba (1959–1976)
- Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba (1959–2008)^[31]
Dominican Republic
- President –
  1. Héctor García-Godoy, Provisional President of the Dominican Republic (1965–1966)
  2. Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1966–1978)
El Salvador
- President – Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, President of El Salvador (1962–1967)
Guatemala
- President –
  1. Enrique Peralta Azurdia, President of Guatemala (1963–1966)
  2. Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President of Guatemala (1966–1970)
Haiti
- President – François Duvalier, President for Life of Haiti (1957–1971)
Honduras
- President – Oswaldo López Arellano, President of Honduras (1963–1971)
Jamaica
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Clifford Campbell, Governor-General of Jamaica (1962–1973)
- Prime Minister – Sir Alexander Bustamante, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1962–1967)
Mexico
- President – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, President of Mexico (1964–1970)
Nicaragua
- President –
  1. René Schick, President of Nicaragua (1963–1966)
  2. Orlando Montenegro Medrano, Acting President of Nicaragua (1966)
  3. Lorenzo Guerrero, President of Nicaragua (1966–1967)
Panama
- President – Marco Aurelio Robles, President of Panama (1964–1968)
Trinidad and Tobago
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1976)
- Governor-General – Sir Solomon Hochoy, Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago (1960–1972)^[32]
- Prime Minister – Eric Williams, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1956–1981)^[33]
United States of America
- President – Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States (1963–1969)

Oceania

Australia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Richard Casey, Baron Casey, Governor-General of Australia (1965–1969)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Sir Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia (1949–1966)
  2. Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia (1966–1967)
New Zealand
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Bernard Fergusson, Governor-General of New Zealand (1962–1967)
- Prime Minister – Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1960–1972)
Western Samoa
- Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister – Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1959–1970)^[34]

South America

Argentina
- President –
  1. Arturo Umberto Illia, President of Argentina (1963–1966)
  2. Revolutionary junta, Head of State of Argentina (1966)
  3. Juan Carlos Onganía, President of Argentina (1966–1970)
Bolivia
- Head of State –
  1. René Barrientos + Alfredo Ovando Candía, Co-Chairmen of the Military Junta of Bolivia (1965–1966)
  2. Alfredo Ovando Candía, Chairman of the Military Junta of Bolivia (1966)
  3. René Barrientos, President of Bolivia (1966–1969)
Brazil
- President – Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, President of Brazil (1964–1967)
Chile
- President – Eduardo Frei Montalva, President of Chile (1964–1970)
Colombia
- President –
  1. Guillermo León Valencia, President of Colombia (1962–1966)
  2. Carlos Lleras Restrepo, President of Colombia (1966–1970)
Ecuador
- Head of State –
  1. Ramón Castro Jijón, Chairman of the Military Junta of Ecuador (1963–1966)
  2. Telmo Vargas, Chief of Staff of Armed Forces of Ecuador (1966)
  3. Clemente Yerovi, Interim President of Ecuador (1966)
  4. Otto Arosemena, Interim President of Ecuador (1966–1968)
Guyana
- British Guiana gained independence on 26 May 1966
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Guyana (1966–1970)
- Governor-General –
  1. Sir Richard Luyt, Governor of British Guiana (1964–1966), Governor-General of Guyana (1966)
  2. Sir David Rose, Governor-General of Guyana (1966–1969)
- Prime Minister^[35] – Forbes Burnham, Prime Minister of Guyana (1964–1980)
Paraguay
- President – Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
Peru
- President – Fernando Belaúnde Terry, President of Peru (1963–1968)
- Prime Minister – Daniel Becerra de la Flor, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1965–1967)
Uruguay
- Head of State –
  1. Washington Beltrán, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1965–1966)
  2. Alberto Héber Usher, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1966–1967)
Venezuela
- President – Raúl Leoni, President of Venezuela (1964–1969)

References

↑ Burundi only became independent in 1962.
↑ Titled Emperor Bokassa I after 1976.
↑ Chad only became independent in 1960.
↑ Gamal Abdel Nasser was President of the United Arab Republic 1958–1961.
↑ In exile between 1936 and 1941.
↑ The Gambia only became independent in 1965, before that Sir John Warburton Paul was titled Governor of The Gambia.
↑ The Gambia only became independent in 1965.
↑ Before independence the monarch was titled Paramount Chief.
↑ The Malagasy Republic only became independent in 1960.
↑ Malawi only became independent in 1964, before that Sir Glyn Smallwood Jones was titled Governor of Nyasaland.
↑ Malawi only became independent in 1964.
↑ Nnamdi Azikiwe was titled Governor-General of Nigeria between 1960 and 1963 under the monarchy.
↑ Nigeria only became independent in 1960.
↑ Unacknowledged by the government after 1965.
↑ Clifford Dupont was titled President of Rhodesia between 1970 and 1975 after the abolishing of the monarchy.
↑ Rwanda only became independent in 1962.
↑ Julius Nyerere was President of Tanganyika from 1962 to 1964.
↑ Upper Volta only became independent in 1960.
↑ William Gopallawa was titled President of Sri Lanka between 1972 and 1978 after the abolishing of the monarchy.
↑ North Korea only became independent in 1948.
↑ Malaysia (then called Malaya) only became independent in 1957.
1 2 Maldives only became independent in 1965.
↑ Singapore only became independent in 1965, before that Yusof bin Ishak was titled Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Singapore.
↑ Singapore only became independent in 1965.
↑ Prime minister of Vietnam from 1976 to 1987.
↑ King Constantine II went into exile in 1967.
↑ Malta only became independent in 1964, until then Sir Maurice Henry Dorman was titled Governor of Malta.
↑ Malta only became independent in 1964.
↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
↑ Titled Premier before independence
↑ The position Prime Minister of Cuba was abolished on 2 December 1976, but President of the Council of Ministers was created and it continued to be held by Fidel Castro.
↑ Trinidad and Tobago only became independent in 1962, until then Sir Solomon Hochoy was titled Governor of Trinidad and Tobago.
↑ Trinidad and Tobago only became independent in 1962.
↑ Western Samoa only became independent in 1962.
↑ Titled Premier until independence.

Rulers

External links

State leaders by year of the 20th century

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