Replication protein A

Replication protein A C terminal

Identifiers

Symbol

RPA_C

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Replication protein A (RPA) is a protein that binds to single-stranded DNA in eukaryotic cells.^[1] During DNA replication, RPA prevents single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) from winding back on itself or from forming secondary structures. This keeps DNA unwound for the polymerase to replicate it. RPA also binds to ssDNA during the initial phase of homologous recombination, an important process in DNA repair and prophase I of meiosis. Hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents can be caused by mutations in the RPA gene.^[2] Like its role in DNA replication, this keeps ssDNA from binding to itself (self-complementizing) so that the resulting nucleoprotein filament can then be bound by Rad51 and its cofactors.^[3] RPA also binds to DNA during the Nucleotide Excision Repair process. This binding stabilizes the repair complex during the repair process. A bacterial homolog is called single-strand binding protein (SSB).

Structure

RPA is a heterotrimer, composed of the subunits RPA1 (70kDa subunit), RPA2 (32kDa subunit) and RPA3 (14kDa subunit). The three RPA subunits contain OB-folds (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding).

References

↑ Wold, MS (1997). "Replication protein A: heterotrimeric, single-stranded DNA-binding protein required for eukaryotic DNA metabolism". Annual Review of Biochemistry 66 (1): 61–92. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.66.1.61. PMID 9242902.
↑ Zou, Yue; Liu, Yiyong; Wu, Xiaoming; Shell, Steven M. (2006-08-01). "Functions of human replication protein A (RPA): from DNA replication to DNA damage and stress responses". Journal of Cellular Physiology 208 (2): 267–273. doi:10.1002/jcp.20622. ISSN 0021-9541. PMC 3107514. PMID 16523492.
↑ Xuan, L; Wolf-Dietrich, H (2008). "Homologous recombination in DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance". Cell Research 18 (99): 99–113. doi:10.1038/cr.2008.1. PMC 3087377. PMID 18166982.

DNA replication (comparing Prokaryotic to Eukaryotic)

Initiation

Prokaryotic (initiation)	Pre-replication complex dnaC Cdc6 Helicase dnaA dnaB T7 Primase dnaG

Eukaryotic (preparation in G1 phase)	Pre-replication complex Origin recognition complex ORC1 ORC2 ORC3 ORC4 ORC5 ORC6 Cdc6 Cdt1 Minichromosome maintenance MCM2 MCM3 MCM4 MCM5 MCM6 MCM7 Licensing factor Autonomously replicating sequence Single-strand binding protein SSBP2 SSBP3 SSBP4 RNase H RNASEH1 RNASEH2A Helicase: HFM1 Primase: PRIM1 PRIM2

Both	Origin of replication/Ori/Replicon Replication fork Lagging and leading strands Okazaki fragments Primer

Replication

Prokaryotic (elongation)	DNA polymerase III holoenzyme dnaC dnaE dnaH dnaN dnaQ dnaT dnaX holA holB holC holD holE Replisome DNA ligase DNA clamp Topoisomerase DNA gyrase Prokaryotic DNA polymerase: DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment

Eukaryotic (synthesis in S phase)	Replication factor C RFC1 Flap endonuclease FEN1 Topoisomerase Replication protein A RPA1 Eukaryotic DNA polymerase: alpha POLA1 POLA2 PRIM1 PRIM2 delta POLD1 POLD2 POLD3 POLD4 epsilon POLE POLE2 POLE3 POLE4 DNA clamp PCNA Control of chromosome duplication

Both	Movement: Processivity DNA ligase

Termination

Telomere: Telomerase
- TERT
- TERC
- DKC1

DNA repair

Excision repair	Base excision repair/AP site DNA glycosylase Uracil-DNA glycosylase Poly ADP ribose polymerase Nucleotide excision repair/ERCC XPA XPB XPC XPD/ERCC2 XPE/DDB1 XPF/DDB1 XPG/ERCC5 ERCC1 RPA RAD23A RAD23B Excinuclease DNA mismatch repair MLH1 MSH2

Other forms of repair	Transcription-coupled repair ERCC6 ERCC8 Homology directed repair Non-homologous end joining Ku Microhomology-mediated end joining Postreplication repair Photolyase CRY1 CRY2

Other/ungrouped proteins	Ogt PcrA Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Homologous recombination RecA/RAD51 Sgs1 Slx4

Regulation	SOS box SOS response

Other/ungrouped	8-Oxoguanine Adaptive response Meiotic recombination checkpoint RecF pathway DNA helicase: BLM WRN FANC proteins: core protein complex FANCA FANCB FANCC FANCE FANCF FANCG FANCL FANCM FANCD1 FANCD2 FANCI FANCJ FANCN

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