Replicon (genetics)

A replicon is a DNA molecule or RNA molecule, or a region of DNA or RNA, that replicates from a single origin of replication.

Prokaryotes

For most prokaryotic chromosomes, the replicon is the entire chromosome. One notable exception found comes from archaea, where two Sulfolobus species have been shown to contain three replicons. Examples of bacterial species that have been found to possess multiple replicons include: Rhodobacter sphaeroides (2), Vibrio cholerae,[1] and Burkholderia multivorans (3). These "secondary" (or tertiary) chromosomes are often described as a molecule that is a mixture between a true chromosome and a plasmid and are sometimes called "chromids". Various Azospirillum species possess 7 replicons, Azospirillum lipoferum, for instance, has 1 bacterial chromosome, 5 chromids, and 1 plasmid.[2] Plasmids and bacteriophages are usually replicated as single replicons, but large plasmids in Gram-negative bacteria have been shown to carry several replicons.[3]

Eukaryotes

For eukaryotic chromosomes, there are multiple replicons per chromosome. The definition of replicons is somewhat confused with mitochondria, as they use unidirectional replication with two separate origins.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Tagomori, K.; Iida, T.; Honda, T. (2002). "Comparison of genome structures of vibrios, bacteria possessing two chromosomes". Journal of Bacteriology 184 (16): 4351–4358. doi:10.1128/JB.184.16.4351-4358.2002. PMC 135242. PMID 12142404.
  2. ↑ Wisniewski-Dyé, F.; Borziak, K.; Khalsa-Moyers, G.; Alexandre, G.; Sukharnikov, L. O.; Wuichet, K.; Hurst, G. B.; McDonald, W. H.; Robertson, J. S.; Barbe, V.; Calteau, A.; Rouy, Z.; Mangenot, S.; Prigent-Combaret, C.; Normand, P.; Boyer, M.; Siguier, P.; Dessaux, Y.; Elmerich, C.; Condemine, G.; Krishnen, G.; Kennedy, I.; Paterson, A. H.; González, V.; Mavingui, P.; Zhulin, I. B. (2011). Richardson, Paul M, ed. "Azospirillum Genomes Reveal Transition of Bacteria from Aquatic to Terrestrial Environments". PLoS Genetics 7 (12): e1002430. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002430. PMC 3245306. PMID 22216014.
  3. ↑ Thomas, Christopher M. (2000-05-01). Horizontal Gene Pool: Bacterial Plasmids and Gene Spread (1 ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 9057024624.


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