23rd United States Congress
"23rd Congress" redirects here. For the Soviet congress, see 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
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The Twenty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1833 to March 4, 1835, during the fifth and sixth years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifth Census of the United States in 1830. The Senate had an Anti-Jacksonian or National Republican majority, and the House had a Jacksonian or Democratic majority.
Major events
- March 28, 1834: Senate censured President Andrew Jackson for defunding the Second Bank of the United States
- January 30, 1835: Richard Lawrence unsuccessfully tried to assassinate President Jackson in the United States Capitol; this was the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States.[1]
Major legislation
Main article: Major legislation: 23rd United States Congress
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Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti- Jacksonian (AJ) |
Jacksonian (J) | Nullifier (N) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 23 | 23 | 1 | 47 | 1 |
| Begin | 26 | 19 | 1 | 46 | 2 |
| End | 20 | 2 | 48 | 0 | |
| Final voting share | 54.2% | 41.7% | 4.2% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 24 | 21 | 2 | 47 | 1 |
House of Representatives
For the beginning of this congress, the size of the House was increased from 213 seats to 240 seats, following the 1830 United States Census (See 4 Stat. 516).
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti- Jacksonian (AJ) |
Anti- Masonic (AM) | Jacksonian (J) | Nullifier (N) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 62 | 17 | 129 | 4 | 212 | 1 |
| Begin | 60 | 25 | 145 | 9 | 239 | 1 |
| End | 62 | 143 | 8 | 238 | 2 | |
| Final voting share | 26.1% | 10.5% | 60.1% | 3.4% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 76 | 15 | 139 | 8 | 238 | 2 |
Leadership
Senate
President of the Senate
Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren
- President: Martin Van Buren (J)
- President pro tempore: Hugh Lawson White (J), until December 15, 1833
- George Poindexter (Anti-J), June 28, 1834 – November 30, 1834
- John Tyler (Anti-J), from March 3, 1835
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Andrew Stevenson (J), elected December 2, 1833
- John Bell (J), elected June 2, 1834
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1838; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1836.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Carolina (3) |
Vacant since March 3, 1833, due to the resignation of Stephen Decatur Miller (N). Successor was elected November 26, 1833. |
William C. Preston (N) | November 26, 1833 | |
| Mississippi (1) |
Vacant from the start of this Congress due to the state legislature's failure to elect. Appointee who had held the seat at the end of the previous Congress was elected November 22, 1833. |
John Black (AJ) | November 22, 1833 | |
| Pennsylvania (1) |
Vacant from the start of this Congress due to the state legislature's failure to elect. Successor was elected December 7, 1833. |
Samuel McKean (J) | December 7, 1833 | |
| Louisiana (3) |
Josiah S. Johnston (AJ) | Died May 19, 1833. Successor was elected December 19, 1833. |
Alexander Porter (AJ) | December 19, 1833 |
| Missouri (3) |
Alexander Buckner (J) | Died June 6, 1833. Successor was appointed December 19, 1833 and subsequently elected to finish the term. |
Lewis F. Linn (J) | October 25, 1833 |
| Georgia (2) |
George Troup (J) | Resigned November 8, 1833. Successor was elected November 21, 1833. |
John P. King (D) | November 21, 1833 |
| Virginia (2) |
William Rives (J) | Resigned February 22, 1834. Successor was elected February 26, 1834. |
Benjamin W. Leigh (AJ) | February 26, 1834 |
| Pennsylvania (3) |
William Wilkins (J) | Resigned June 30, 1834 to become U.S. Minister to Russia. Successor elected December 6, 1834. |
James Buchanan (J) | December 6, 1834 |
| Georgia (3) |
John Forsyth (J) | Resigned July 27, 1834 to become U.S. Secretary of State. Successor elected January 12, 1835. |
Alfred Cuthbert (J) | January 12, 1835 |
| Maryland (3) |
Ezekiel F. Chambers (AJ) | Resigned December 20, 1834 to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals. Successor elected January 13, 1835. |
Robert H. Goldsborough (AJ) | January 13, 1835 |
| Maine (2) |
Peleg Sprague (AJ) | Resigned January 1, 1835. Successor elected January 20, 1835. |
John Ruggles (J) | January 20, 1835 |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 18
- Jacksonian: 1 seat net loss
- Anti-Jacksonian: 1 seat net gain
- deaths: 8
- resignations: 15
- contested election: 1
- Total seats with changes: 23
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kentucky 5th | Vacant | Contested election of Thomas P. Moore. House denied either party the seat and declared new election | Robert P. Letcher (AJ) | Seated August 6, 1834 |
| Virginia 5th | John Randolph (J) | Died May 24, 1833 | Thomas T. Bouldin (J) | Seated December 2, 1833 |
| South Carolina 3rd | Thomas D. Singleton (N) | Died November 25, 1833 | Robert B. Campbell (N) | Seated February 27, 1834 |
| South Carolina 5th | George McDuffie (N) | Resigned some time in 1834. | Francis W. Pickens (N) | Seated December 8, 1834 |
| Louisiana 3rd | Henry A. Bullard (AJ) | Resigned January 4, 1834 after being appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court of Louisiana | Rice Garland (AJ) | Seated April 28, 1834 |
| Massachusetts 5th | John Davis (AJ) | Resigned January 14, 1834 after being elected Governor of Massachusetts | Levi Lincoln (AJ) | Seated March 5, 1834 |
| Virginia 5th | Thomas T. Bouldin (J) | Died February 11, 1834 | James W. Bouldin (J) | Seated March 28, 1834 |
| Ohio 1st | Robert T. Lytle (J) | Resigned March 10, 1834 | Robert T. Lytle (J) | Re-seated December 27, 1834 |
| South Carolina 8th | James Blair (J) | Died April 1, 1834 | Richard I. Manning (J) | Seated December 8, 1834 |
| Maryland 1st | Littleton P. Dennis (J) | Died April 14, 1834 | John N. Steele (J) | Seated June 9, 1834 |
| Connecticut At-large | Samuel A. Foot (AJ) | Resigned May 9, 1834 after becoming Governor of Connecticut | Ebenezer Jackson, Jr. (AJ) | Seated December 1, 1834 |
| New York 3rd | Cornelius V. Lawrence (J) | Resigned May 14, 1834 after becoming Mayor of New York City. This was a plural district with 4 representatives. | John J. Morgan (J) | Seated December 1, 1834 |
| Virginia 11th | Andrew Stevenson (J) | Resigned June 2, 1834 | John Robertson (AJ) | Seated December 8, 1834 |
| Massachusetts 2nd | Rufus Choate (AJ) | Resigned June 30, 1834 | Stephen C. Phillips (AJ) | Seated December 1, 1834 |
| New York 3rd | Dudley Selden (J) | Resigned July 1, 1834. This was a plural district with 4 representatives. | Charles G. Ferris (J) | Seated December 1, 1834 |
| Connecticut At-large | William W. Ellsworth (AJ) | Resigned July 8, 1834 | Joseph Trumbull (AJ) | Seated December 1, 1834 |
| Ohio 19th | Humphrey H. Leavitt (J) | Resigned July 10, 1834 after becoming judge of the US District Court of Ohio | Daniel Kilgore (J) | Seated December 1, 1834 |
| Vermont 5th | Benjamin F. Deming (AM) | Died July 11, 1834 | Henry F. Janes (AM) | Seated December 2, 1834 |
| Illinois 1st | Charles Slade (J) | Died July 26, 1834 | John Reynolds (J) | Seated December 1, 1834 |
| Connecticut At-large | Jabez W. Huntington (AJ) | Resigned August 16, 1834 after being appointed judge of the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors | Phineas Miner (AJ) | Seated December 1, 1834 |
| Illinois 3rd | Joseph Duncan (J) | Resigned September 21, 1834 after being elected Governor of Illinois | William L. May (J) | Seated December 1, 1834 |
| Louisiana 1st | Edward D. White (AJ) | Resigned November 15, 1834 to become Governor of Louisiana | Henry Johnson (AJ) | Seated December 1, 1834 |
| Georgia At-large | James M. Wayne (J) | Resigned January 13, 1835 after being appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court | Not filled in this Congress | |
| South Carolina 6th | Warren R. Davis (N) | Died January 29, 1835 | ||
Employees
Senate
- Secretary: Walter Lowrie
- Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly, until December 9, 1833
- John Shackford, elected December 9, 1833
- Chaplain: Frederick W. Hatch (Episcopalian)
House of Representatives
- Clerk: Walter S. Franklin
- Sergeant at Arms: Thomas B. Randolph
- Doorkeeper: Overton Carr
- Postmaster: William J. McCormick
- Chaplain: Thomas H. Stockton (Methodist)
- Edward D. Smith (Presbyterian), elected December 1, 1834
References
- ↑ "Trying to Assassinate President Jackson". American Heritage. January 30, 2007. Archived from the original on 3 April 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2007.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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