Timeline of United States history

This is a timeline of United States of America history, comprising most legalized and territorialized changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States. See also timeline of United States diplomatic history, the list of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, the list of Presidents of the United States and years in the United States.

16th century

Year	Date	Event	Reference
1513	March 27	Juan Ponce de León sights Florida for the first time.	[1]
1524	April 17	Giovanni da Verrazzano explored the Atlantic coast of North America under French employ.	[2]
1542		Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto discovered the Mississippi River, strengthening Spanish claims to the interior of North America.	[3]
1565	August 28	Spanish Admiral Pedro Menendez de Aviles founded St. Augustine.	[4]
1570		The Iroquois Confederacy was founded.	[5][6]
1587	April	English explorer Sir Walter Raleigh founded Roanoke Colony.	[7]
1590	August 15	The Roanoke Colony was found deserted.	[7]

17th century

The Mayflower

John Winthrop, founder of Massachusetts Bay Colony

New Amsterdam surrenders to the English.

Pere Marquette and the Indians

William Penn's treaty with the Indians

A depiction of the Salem witch trials

Year	Date	Event	Reference
1607	May 14	John Smith founded the Jamestown settlement	[8]
1614	October 11	The Dutch laid claim to the territories of New Netherland.
1619		Slavery was introduced to the Colony of Virginia.	[9]
1620	November 11	The Mayflower Compact was signed.	[10]
1626		New Amsterdam was founded.	[11]
1629	March 4	The Massachusetts Bay Colony founded.	[12]
1630	July 6	The Winthrop Fleet arrived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.	[13]
1632	June 20	The Province of Maryland was founded.	[14]
1634		Theologian Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1636		The Connecticut Colony was founded by Thomas Hooker.	[15]
	January	Williams founded the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.	[16]
		Harvard College was founded.	[17]
1637		Pequot War: The war, in New England, ended.	[18]
1638		The Delaware Colony was founded.
		The New Haven Colony was founded.	[19]
		New Sweden was created.	[20]
1639	January 14	The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were adopted.	[19][21]
	June 4	The Fundamental Agreement of the New Haven Colony was signed.	[22]
1640		French and Iroquois Wars: The wars escalated to full warfare.	[23]
1642	February 25	Kieft's War: The war, in New Netherland, began.	[24]
1643	May	The New England Confederation was created.	[25]
1644		Third Anglo–Powhatan War: The war began.	[26]
1645	August 9	Kieft's War: The war ended.	[24]
1646		Third Anglo-Powhatan War: The war ended.	[26]
1649		The Maryland Toleration Act was passed.	[27]
	January 30	The execution of the English King Charles I of England caused the establishment of the Commonwealth of England.	[28]
1655		Peach Tree War: The war took place.	[29]
1659		Esopus Wars: The first war took place.	[30]
1660		The Commonwealth of England came to an end with the restoration of King Charles II of England.	[31]
1662		The Halfway Covenant was adopted.	[32]
1663	March 24	Charles granted a charter for a new colony, the Province of Carolina.	[33]
		Esopus Wars: The second war took place.	[34]
1664		Second Anglo-Dutch War: The war began with the English conquest of New Amsterdam.	[31]
1667	July 31	New Netherland was ceded to England under the Treaty of Breda (1667).	[35]
1669		John Lederer of Virginia began to explore the Appalachian Mountains.	[36]
1670		Charles Town was founded.	[31]
		Lederer's expedition ended.	[36]
1671	September	The Batts-Fallam expedition sponsored by Abraham Wood reached the New River.	[37]
1672		The Blue Laws were enacted in Connecticut.
1673	May	Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette began to explore the Illinois Country.	[38]
1674		Jolliet and Marquette's expedition ended.	[38]
		New Netherland was permanently relinquished to England under the Treaty of Westminster.	[39]
1675	June 24	King Philip's War: The war, in New England, began.	[18]
1676		Bacon's Rebellion: The rebellion, in Virginia, took place.	[40]
		King Philip's War: The war took place.	[18]
1677		The Province of Maine was absorbed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1679		War between Carolina and the Westo resulted in the destruction of the Westo.	[41]
1680	September	Pueblo Revolt: A revolt took place in Spanish New Mexico.	[42]
1681		The Province of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn.	[43]
1682	April 7	René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle travelled down the Mississippi River to its mouth.	[44]
1685	February 6	Charles died. He was succeeded as King of Kingdom of England by James II of England.	[45]
1686		The Dominion of New England was established.	[31]
1687		Yamasee Indians from Spanish Florida moved to Carolina.
1688	December 11	Glorious Revolution: James was deposed in favor of William and Mary.	[31]
1689	April 18	The Governor of the Dominion of New England was deposed, ending the rule of the Dominion.	[46]
	May	King William's War: The war began.	[47]
1690	February 9	Schenectady Massacre: A massacre took place.	[48]
1692		Salem witch trials: Witch trials took place in the Province of Massachusetts Bay.	[49]
1697	July	War of the Grand Alliance: The war was ended by the Treaty of Ryswick.	[50]
1698		Pensacola, Florida was established by the Spanish.
1699		Biloxi was founded by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville.	[51]

18th century

A depiction of Benjamin Franklin's kite experiment

The Death of General Wolfe during the French and Indian War

George III of the United Kingdom

Paul Revere's depiction of the Boston Massacre

A depiction of the Boston Tea Party

Depiction of the Battles of Lexington and Concord

Trumbull's Battle of Bunker Hill

Trumbull's Declaration of Independence

Washington's crossing of the Delaware

The Surrender of General Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga

The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at the Battle of Yorktown

The American delegation that signed the Treaty of Paris

A depiction of the Constitutional Convention

George Washington, the first President of the United States

Year	Date	Event
1702	March 8	William III died and was succeeded by Anne, Queen of Great Britain.
		Queen Anne's War: The war began.
		East Jersey and West Jersey became Crown colonies.
1714	August 1	Anne, Queen of Great Britain died and was succeeded by George I of Great Britain.
1715		Yamasee War: The war, in Carolina, took place.
1727	June 11	George I of Great Britain died and was succeeded by George II of Great Britain.
1729	July 25	The proprietors of the Province of Carolina sold out to the British crown.
1732		First Great Awakening: The First Great Awakening took place.
1749		The Province of Georgia overturned its ban on slavery
1752	June 15	Benjamin Franklin's kite experiment took place.
	September 14	Great Britain switches to the Gregorian calendar.
1754	May 28	French and Indian War: The war began.
	June 19	Albany Congress: A "Union of Colonies" was proposed.
1758	October	The Treaty of Easton was signed.
1760	September 8	French and Indian War: Pierre de Rigaud, Governor of New France, signed the Articles of Capitulation of Montreal, ceding the Ohio Country and Illinois Country, and the territory of modern-day Canada, to British Field Marshal Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, ending major hostilities.
	October 25	George II of Great Britain died and was succeeded by his grandson George III of the United Kingdom.
1763		Pontiac's Rebellion: The rebellion began.
	February 10	French and Indian War: The Treaty of Paris, under which France ceded much of its North American territory to Great Britain but surrendered Louisiana to Spain, formally ended the war.
	October 7	George III issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, establishing royal administration over the British colonies won under the Treaty of Paris and demarcating their western boundary.
1764	April 5	The Sugar Act, intended to raise revenues, was passed by the British Parliament.
	September 1	The British Parliament passed the Currency Act, which prohibited the colonies from issuing paper money.
1765	March 22	To help defray the cost of keeping troops in America, the British Parliament enacted the Stamp Act 1765, imposing a tax on many types of printed materials used in the colonies.
	March 24	The British Parliament enacted the Quartering Act, requiring the Thirteen Colonies to provide housing, food, and other provisions to British troops.
	May 29	Virginia's House of Burgesses adopted the Virginia Resolves, which claimed that under British law Virginians could be taxed only by an assembly to which they had elected representatives.
	October 19	Stamp Act Congress: A congress of delegated from nine colonies adopted the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which petitioned Parliament and the King to repeal the Stamp Act.
1766		Pontiac's Rebellion: The rebellion ended.
	March 18	The British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and issued the Declaratory Act, which asserted its "full power and authority to make laws and statutes... to bind the colonies and people of America... in all cases whatsoever."
	May 21	The Liberty Pole was erected in New York City in celebration of the repeal of the Stamp Act.
1767	June 29	The Townshend Acts, named for Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend, were passed by the British Parliament, placing duties on many items imported into America.
1769		The British Parliament suspended the Governor and assembly of the Province of New York for failure to enforce the Quartering Act.
	December	The broadside To the Betrayed Inhabitants of the City and Colony of New York was published by the local Sons of Liberty.
1770	January 19	Battle of Golden Hill: British troops wounded several civilians and killed one.
	January 28	Frederick North, Lord North becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain.
	March 5	Boston Massacre: The massacre took place.
1771	May 16	Battle of Alamance: A battle took place in North Carolina ending the Regulator Movement.
1772	May	The Watauga Association, in modern-day Tennessee, declared itself independent.
	June 9	Gaspee Affair: The British schooner Gaspee was burned.
	November 2	Samuel Adams organized the Committees of Correspondence.
1773	May 10	The British Parliament passed the Tea Act.
	December 15	The local Sons of Liberty published Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York.
	December 16	Boston Tea Party: The Boston Tea Party took place.
1774		Franklin, then Massachusetts's agent in London, was questioned before the British Parliament.
		Dunmore's War: The war took place.
		Britain passed the Quebec Act, one of the so-called Intolerable Acts.
	March 31	Britain passed the Boston Port Act, one of the so-called Intolerable Acts.
	May 20	Britain passed the Administration of Justice Act 1774, one of the so-called Intolerable Acts.
		Britain passed the Massachusetts Government Act, one of the so-called Intolerable Acts.
	June 2	Britain passed a second Quartering Act, one of the so-called Intolerable Acts.
	July 18	The Fairfax County Resolves - George Washington and George Mason plus others state position of Virginia Colony vis a Vis King George.www.constitution.org/bcp/fairfax_res.htm
	September 1	Powder Alarm: British General Thomas Gage secretly raided a powder magazine in Cambridge.
	September 5	First Continental Congress held in Philadelphia, PA. 12 colonies attended.
	October 19	The HMS Peggy Stewart was burned.
December 22	Greenwich Tea Party: The Greenwich Tea Party took place.
1775		Second Continental Congress: The Congress met.
	April 19	Battles of Lexington and Concord: The battles took place, beginning the American Revolutionary War.
	May 9	Skenesboro, New York was captured by Lieutenant Samuel Herrick.
	May 10	Fort Ticonderoga was captured by Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold and the Green Mountain Boys.
	June 17	Battle of Bunker Hill: The battle took place.
	July	The Olive Branch Petition was sent to King George III.
	December 5	Henry Knox began the transport of fifty-nine captured cannon from upstate New York to Boston.
1776		New Hampshire ratified the first state constitution.
		Prisoners began to be taken in Wallabout Bay. see Prisoners in the American Revolutionary War.
	January 10	Thomas Paine published Common Sense.
	January 24	Knox reached Boston.
	March 3	Battle of Nassau: The battle began.
	March 4	Battle of Nassau: The battle ended.
	July 2	Second Continental Congress: The Congress enacted the Lee Resolution declaring independence from the British Empire.
	July 4	Second Continental Congress: The Congress approved the written United States Declaration of Independence.
	August 27	Battle of Long Island: The battle took place.
	September 11	Staten Island Peace Conference: The peace conference took place.
	September 15	Landing at Kip's Bay: The landing took place.
	September 16	Battle of Harlem Heights: The battle took place.
	September 21	Great Fire of New York (1776): The fire began.
	September 22	Nathan Hale was captured and executed for espionage.
		Great Fire of New York (1776): The fire ended.
	October 11	Battle of Valcour Island: The battle took place.
	October 29	Battle of White Plains: The battle took place.
	November 16	Battle of Fort Washington: The battle took place.
	November 20	Battle of Fort Lee: The battle took place.
	December 23	Battle of Iron Works Hill: The battle began.
	December 26	Battle of Trenton: The battle took place.
		Battle of Iron Works Hill: The battle ended.
1777		Forage War: The war took place.
	January 2	Second Battle of Trenton: The battle took place.
	January 3	Battle of Princeton: The battle took place.
	April 13	Battle of Bound Brook: The battle took place.
	May 28	The Continental Army made camp at the Middlebrook encampment.
	July 2	The Continental Army left the Middlebrook encampment.
	July 5	Fort Ticonderoga was abandoned by the Continental Army due to advancing British troops placing cannon on Mount Defiance.
	July 6	The British retook Fort Ticonderoga.
	July 7	Battle of Hubbardton: The battle took place.
	July 8	Delegates in Vermont established the Vermont Republic and adopted the Constitution of Vermont (Vermont Republic), which abolished slavery.
	July 26	Battle of Short Hills: The battle took place.
	August 6	Battle of Oriskany: The battle took place.
	August 16	Battle of Bennington: The battle took place.
	September 11	Battle of Brandywine: The battle took place.
	September 19	Battles of Saratoga: The first Battle of Saratoga took place.
	September 20	Battle of Paoli: The battle took place.
	September 26	The British occupied Philadelphia.
	October 4	Battle of Germantown: The battle took place.
	October 7	Battles of Saratoga: The second battle concluded with the surrender of the British army under General John Burgoyne.
	October 22	Battle of Red Bank: The battle took place.
	November 15	Second Continental Congress: The Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation.
	December 5	Battle of White Marsh: The battle began.
	December 8	Battle of White Marsh: The battle ended.
	December 11	Battle of Matson's Ford: The battle took place.
	December 19	The Continental Army entered its winter quarters at Valley Forge
1778	February 6	The Treaty of Alliance was signed with France.
	May 20	Battle of Barren Hill: The battle took place.
	June	British occupation of Philadelphia ended.
	June 19	The Continental Army left its winter quarters at Valley Forge.
	June 28	Battle of Monmouth: The battle took place.
	November 30	The Continental Army entered winter quarters at the Middlebrook encampment.
1779	June 3	The Continental Army left the Middlebrook encampment.
	July 16	Battle of Stony Point: The battle took place.
	August 19	Battle of Paulus Hook: The battle took place.
	December	The Continental Army entered winter quarters at Morristown.
1780	January 28	A stockade known as Fort Nashborough was founded on the banks of the Cumberland River.
	February 1	Some eight thousand British forces under General Henry Clinton arrived in Charleston, South Carolina, from New York.
		Second Continental Congress: New York ceded its western claims, including territory west of Lake Ontario, to the Congress.
	March 14	Bombardment of Fort Charlotte: After a two-week siege, Spanish General Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez captured Fort Charlotte, in Mobile, from the British.
	April 8	Siege of Charleston: British troops under General Clinton and naval forces under Admiral Mariot Arbuthnot besiege Charleston, South Carolina.
	May	The Continental Army left Morristown.
	May 6	Siege of Charleston: Fort Moultrie fell to the British.
	May 12	Siege of Charleston: American General Benjamin Lincoln surrendered Charleston to the British. The British lost two hundred and fifty-five men while capturing a large American garrison.
	May 29	Battle of Waxhaws: A clash between Continental Army forces under Abraham Buford and a mainly Loyalist force led by Banastre Tarleton near Lancaster, South Carolina resulted in the destruction of the American forces.
	June 6	Battle of Connecticut Farms: The battle took place.
	June 23	Battle of Springfield (1780): An attempted British invasion of New Jersey was stopped at Connecticut Farms and Springfield, ending major fighting in the North.
	September 23	John André was captured, exposing the treason of Arnold.
	October 7	Battle of Kings Mountain: The battle took place.
1781	January 17	Battle of Cowpens: The battle took place.
	March 1	The Articles of Confederation were ratified.
	March 15	Battle of Guilford Court House: The battle took place.
	October 19	Siege of Yorktown: The British surrendered at Yorktown.
	December 31	The Bank of North America was chartered.
1782		The British government officially, yet informally, recognized American independence.
1783	September 3	American Revolutionary War: The Treaty of Paris (1783) ended the war.
	November 25	The British withdraw from ports in New York and the Carolinas.
1784		The State of Frankland, later Franklin, seceded from North Carolina.
1785		Congress refused Franklin admission to the Union.
	November 28	The Treaty of Hopewell was signed.
1786	August 29	Shays' Rebellion: The rebellion took place.
	September 11–14	Annapolis Convention (1786): The convention failed.
1787	July 13	The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was passed.
	May 25-September 17	Philadelphia Convention: A Constitutional convention took place in Philadelphia.
	December 7–18	Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Jersey ratified the Constitution.
1788		North Carolina reconquered and dissolved the State of Franklin.
1789		United States presidential election, 1789: The election took place.
	March 4	The United States Constitution came into effect.
	April 30	First inauguration of George Washington: George Washington was inaugurated as President in New York City.
		1st United States Congress: The Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 and the Hamilton tariff.
		The Jay-Gardoqui Treaty was signed.
	November 21	North Carolina, by a margin of 43%, became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution.
1790	May 26	The Southwest Territory (a/k/a Territory South of the River Ohio) is created from North Carolina's Western frontier lands.
	May 29	Rhode Island, by a margin of 3%, became the thirteenth state to ratify the Constitution.
1791		The United States Bill of Rights was ratified.
		The First Bank of the United States was chartered.
		The independent Vermont Republic was admitted to the Union as Vermont, becoming the fourteenth state.
1792		Kentucky County, Virginia became the fifteenth state of Kentucky.
	November 2 – December 5	U.S. presidential election, 1792: Washington was reelected President. John Adams was chosen as Vice President.
1793		Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.
		A yellow fever outbreak occurred in Philadelphia.
		The Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 was passed.
	February 18	Chisholm v. Georgia was decided.
1794		Whiskey Rebellion: The rebellion took place.
	August–November	The Nickajack Expedition brings a close to the Cherokee–American wars.
	August 20	Battle of Fallen Timbers: The battle took place ending the Northwest Indian War with the Western Confederacy.
		The first of the "Civilized" Indian Nations, the Cherokee Nation, is founded.
1795		The Treaty of Greenville was signed.
		The Jay Treaty was signed.
		The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified
1796	June 1	Tennessee, formerly Southwest Territory, was admitted as the sixteenth state.
		Pinckney's Treaty was signed.
		The Treaty of Tripoli was signed.
	November 4 – December 7	U.S. presidential election, 1796: Adams was elected President. Thomas Jefferson was elected Vice President.
1797		Adams was inaugurated.
		XYZ Affair: The affair took place.
1798		The Alien and Sedition Acts were passed.
		The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were issued.
1799		The Charles Brockden Brown novel Edgar Huntly was published.
		Fries's Rebellion: The rebellion took place.
		The Logan Act was passed.
	December 14	Washington died.
1800		The Library of Congress was founded.
	October 31 – December 3	U.S. presidential election, 1800: Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied in votes in the Electoral College.

19th century

Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States

John Marshall, 4th Chief Justice of the United States

Explorers Lewis and Clark

The U.S. Capitol after the Burning of Washington

A depiction of the Bombardment of Fort McHenry, the basis for "The Star-Spangled Banner"

A depiction of the Battle of New Orleans

James Monroe, the author of the Monroe Doctrine, and his cabinet

A depiction of the Battle of the Alamo

The Battle of Veracruz in the Mexican–American War

Dred Scott, the plaintiff in Dred Scott v. Sandford

The Battle of Fort Sumter, which began the American Civil War

Remains of casualties at the Battle of Antietam

A depiction of the Battle of Gettysburg

Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States

The assassination of Abraham Lincoln

The trial of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson

The Great Chicago Fire

Women's suffragist leader, Susan B. Anthony

Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone

Thomas Edison, inventor of the light bulb

The Brooklyn Bridge

The unveiling of the Statue of Liberty, 1886^[52]

The charge of the Rough Riders at the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish–American War

Year	Date	Event
1801		Jefferson was elected President by the House of Representatives. Burr became Vice President.
		Adams appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice.
1803		The Supreme Court issued a decision in Marbury v. Madison which overturned the Judiciary Act of 1789.
		Louisiana Purchase: The purchase was made.
	March 1	Ohio, formerly the Northwest Territory, became the 17th state.
1804		The Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified.
		New Jersey abolished slavery.
	July 11	Burr–Hamilton duel: Alexander Hamilton was fatally wounded.
		Lewis and Clark set out.
	November 2 – December 5	U.S. presidential election, 1804: Jefferson was reelected President; George Clinton was elected Vice President.
1807		The Embargo Act of 1807 was passed.
		Robert Fulton invented the steamboat.
1808		The slave trade was ended.
	November 4 – December 7	U.S. presidential election, 1808: James Madison was elected president. Clinton was reelected as Vice President.
1809		Madison was inaugurated.
	March 1	The Non-Intercourse Act was passed.
1810		The Supreme Court issued a decision in Fletcher v. Peck which overturned a state law.
1811		The charter of the First Bank of the United States expired.
1812		War of 1812: The war began.
		Daniel Webster was elected to the United States Congress.
	April 30	Louisiana became the 18th state
		U.S. presidential election, 1812: Madison was reelected President; Elbridge Gerry was elected United States Vice President.
1814	August 24	Burning of Washington: British troops burned Washington, D.C. but were forced back at Baltimore.
	December 14	War of 1812: The Treaty of Ghent ended the war.
1815	January 8	War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans: The battle took place before notification of the Treaty of Ghent made it to the frontier.
1816		U.S. presidential election, 1816: James Monroe was elected President. Daniel D. Tompkins was elected Vice President.
		The Second Bank of the United States was chartered.
	December 11	Indiana became the 19th state.
1817		Monroe was inaugurated.
		The Rush–Bagot Treaty was signed.
		Harvard Law School was founded.
	December 10	Mississippi became the 20th state.
1818		Cumberland Road opened.
	December 3	Illinois became the 21st state.
		The Jackson Purchase in Kentucky was obtained.
1819		Panic of 1819: The panic took place.
		The Adams–Onís Treaty, which provided for the acquisition of Florida, was signed.
		The decision in McCulloch v. Maryland prohibited state laws from infringing upon federal Constitutional authority.
		The decision in Dartmouth College v. Woodward protected the principle of honoring contracts and charters.
	December 14	Alabama became the 22nd state.
1820		The Missouri Compromise was passed.
	March 15	Maine became the 23rd state.
		U.S. presidential election, 1820: Monroe was reelected President, Tompkins Vice President.
1821	August 10	Missouri became the 24th state.
1823		The Monroe Doctrine was proclaimed.
1824		The decision in Gibbons v. Ogden affirmed federal over state authority in interstate commerce.
		U.S. presidential election, 1824: An election was held with inconclusive results.
1825		John Quincy Adams was elected President by the House of Representatives; John C. Calhoun was elected Vice President.
		The Erie Canal was completed
1826	July 4	Former Presidents Jefferson and John Adams died within hours of each other on Independence Day
1828		Nullification Crisis: The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was published.
		Construction began on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
		U.S. presidential election, 1828: Andrew Jackson was elected President. Calhoun continued as Vice President.
1829		Jackson was inaugurated.
1830		Second Great Awakening: A religious revival movement took place.
		The Oregon Trail came into use by settlers migrating to the Pacific Northwest.
	May 28	The Indian Removal Act was passed.
1831		A revolt led by Nat Turner occurred.
		Publication of The Liberator began.
		Cyrus McCormick invented the reaper.
		Petticoat affair: The affair took place.
1832		The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee Nation in Worcester v. State of Georgia.
		Black Hawk War: The war took place.
		The Tariff of 1832 was passed.
		The Ordinance of Nullification was passed by South Carolina.
		The Department of Indian Affairs was established.
		United States presidential election, 1832: Jackson was reelected President; Martin Van Buren was elected Vice President of the United States.
		Bank War: Jackson vetoed the charter renewal of the Second Bank of the United States.
		Calhoun resigned the Vice Presidency.
1833		The Force Bill, expanding Presidential powers, was passed.
		Jackson's second inauguration was held.
1834		Slavery debates took place at Lane Theological Seminary.
1835		Texas Revolution: The revolution began.
		Alexis De Tocqueville's Democracy in America was published.
		Second Seminole War: A war began in Florida with Seminole resistance to relocation.
1836		Battle of the Alamo: The battle took place.
		Battle of San Jacinto: The battle took place.
		Creek War of 1836: The war took place.
		Samuel Colt invented the revolver.
		The original "Gag Rule", a bar on discussion of antislavery petitions passed by the House, was imposed.
		The Specie Circular was issued.
	June 15	Arkansas became the 25th state.
		U.S. presidential election, 1836: Van Buren was elected President, Richard Mentor Johnson Vice President.
1837		Van Buren was inaugurated.
		The United States recognized the Republic of Texas.
		Caroline Affair: The affair took place.
	January 26	Michigan became the 26th state.
		Oberlin College began enrolling female students.
		Panic of 1837: The panic took place.
		A decision in Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge reversed a decision in Dartmouth College v. Woodward and affirmed that property rights can be overridden by public need.
1838		The forced removal of the Cherokee Nation from the Southeastern United States along the Trail of Tears led to over four thousand Native American deaths.
		Aroostook War: The war took place.
1840		United States presidential election, 1840: An election was held.
1841		William Henry Harrison became President.
		John Quincy Adams argued the case United States v. The Amistad before the Supreme Court.
		United States v. The Amistad was decided.
		President Harrison died after only a month in office.
		John Tyler became President.
1842	August 9	The Webster–Ashburton Treaty was signed.
		Dorr Rebellion: A civil war took place in Rhode Island.
1843		An attempt to impeach Tyler failed.
1844		U.S. presidential election, 1844: An election was held.
1845		Texas Annexation: The annexation took place.
		James K. Polk became President of the United States.
	March 3	Florida became the 27th state.
	December 28	Texas became the 28th state.
1846		Mexican–American War: The war began.
	December 28	Iowa became the 29th state.
		The Wilmot Proviso was introduced.
1848		U.S. presidential election, 1848: An election was held.
	May 29	Wisconsin became the 30th state.
	February 2	Mexican–American War: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war.
1849		Zachary Taylor became President.
		California Gold Rush: The gold rush began.
1850		Taylor threatened to veto the Compromise of 1850 even at the risk of civil war.
	July 9	Taylor died. Millard Fillmore became President.
		The Clayton–Bulwer Treaty was signed.
		The Compromise of 1850 was passed.
	September 9	California became the 31st state.
1852		U.S. presidential election, 1852: An election was held.
1853		Franklin Pierce became President.
		Commodore Matthew Perry opened Japan.
1854		The Kansas–Nebraska Act was passed, nullifying the Missouri Compromise.
	June 8	The Gadsden Purchase was finalized.
		The Ostend Manifesto was issued.
		The Convention of Kanagawa was signed.
		William Walker led an expedition.
1855		The Farmers' High School, later Penn State University, was founded.
1856		Sacking of Lawrence: The sacking of Lawrence took place.
	May 24–25	Pottawatomie Massacre: The massacre, led by John Brown, took place.
		Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner with his walking stick in the Senate chamber.
		U.S. presidential election, 1856: An election was held.
1857		James Buchanan became President.
		A decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford declared that blacks were not citizens of the United States and could not sue.
	May	Utah War: The war started.
		The LeCompton Constitution was rejected in the Kansas Territory.
		Panic of 1857: The panic took place.
1858		The first transatlantic cable was laid.
	May 11	Minnesota became the 32nd state.
		Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The debates were held.
		The United States became party to the Treaty of Tientsin.
1859		John Brown led a raid on Harper's Ferry.
	February 14	Oregon became the 33rd state.
		The Comstock Lode was discovered.
1860		The Pony Express was founded.
		The Crittenden Compromise was reached.
	November 6	United States presidential election, 1860: Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States.
	December 20	South Carolina seceded from the Union.
1861		Ten more states seceded from the Union and established the Confederate States of America.
	January 29	Kansas became the 34th state.
		Jefferson Davis was elected President of the Confederacy.
		American Civil War: The war began at Fort Sumter.
		First Battle of Bull Run: The battle took place.
1862		Battle of Hampton Roads: A naval battle between the Monitor and Merrimack took place.
		The Homestead Act was passed.
		The Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act was passed.
		General Robert E. Lee was placed in command of the Army of Northern Virginia.
		Second Battle of Bull Run: The battle took place.
		Battle of Antietam: The battle took place.
	August 17–December 26	Dakota War of 1862: The war was fought.
1863		Battle of Gettysburg: The battle took place.
	January 1	Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing slaves in the rebel states.
		Siege of Vicksburg: The siege took place.
		New York Draft Riots: Draft riots took place.
	June 20	Pro-Union counties which had seceded from Virginia became the 35th state, West Virginia.
1864		General Ulysses S. Grant was put in command of all Union forces.
		The Wade–Davis Bill was passed.
		Sand Creek Massacre: The massacre took place.
	October 31	Nevada became the 36th state.
		U.S. presidential election, 1864: An election was held.
		Sherman's March to the Sea: The march took place.
1865		Lee was made commander-in-chief of all Confederate forces.
		Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital, was captured by a corps of black Union troops.
		Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House.
	April 15	Abraham Lincoln assassination: Lincoln was assassinated; Andrew Johnson became President.
		American Civil War: The war ended with the surrender of the last elements of the Confederacy.
		The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed, permanently outlawing slavery.
		The Freedmen's Bureau was established.
1866		The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed.
		The Ku Klux Klan was founded.
1867		The Tenure of Office Act (1867) was enacted.
	March 1	Nebraska became the 37th state.
		The Alaska Purchase (also known as "Seward's Folly"): The Alaskan territory was purchased from Russia.
1868		Impeachment of Andrew Johnson: The attempted impeachment ended in an acquittal by the Senate.
		The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, second of the Reconstruction Amendments, was ratified.
		Grant was elected President.
1869		The First Transcontinental Railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory.[53]
	May 15	Women's suffrage leaders Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton founded the National Woman Suffrage Association.
1870		The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed.
		The first graduate programs, at Yale University and Harvard, began.
		The Force Acts were passed.
1871		Great Chicago Fire: The fire occurred.
		The Treaty of Washington, 1871 was signed with the British Empire regarding the Dominion of Canada.
1872		Yellowstone National Park was created.
		Crédit Mobilier scandal: The scandal took place.
		The Amnesty Act was passed.
		The Alabama Claims were settled.
		U.S. presidential election, 1872: An election was held.
1873		Panic of 1873: The panic took place.
		Virginius Affair: The affair took place.
1874		Red River Indian War
1875		Kentucky Derby: Aristides (horse) won the first Kentucky Derby.
		The Resumption Act was passed.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was passed.
		The Art Students League of New York was founded.
1876		The National League of baseball was founded.
		Centennial Exposition: The Exposition, in Philadelphia, was held.
		A decision in Munn v. Illinois established the public regulation of utilities.
		Colorado became the 38th state.
		Battle of Little Bighorn: The battle took place.
		Wild Bill Hickok was killed by a shot to the back of the head by Jack McCall while playing poker in Deadwood, South Dakota.
		Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
		U.S. presidential election, 1876: The election produced an unclear, result with twenty Electoral College votes disputed.
1877		The Electoral Commission awarded Rutherford B. Hayes the Presidency.
		Reconstruction era of the United States: The era ended.
		Nez Perce War: The war took place.
1878		The Bland-Allison Act was passed.
		The first Morgan silver dollars were minted.
1879		Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.
		The Knights of Labor went public.
1880		The University of Southern California was founded.
		The Population of the United States passed fifty million.
1881		Gunfight at the O.K. Corral: A gunfight took place in Tombstone, Arizona Territory.
		James Garfield was inaugurated President of the United States.
		Garfield was assassinated.
		Chester A. Arthur was inaugurated President of the United States.
		Clara Barton created the Red Cross.
		The Tuskegee Institute was founded
		Billy the Kid was shot and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett.
		A Century of Dishonor was written by Helen Hunt Jackson.
1882		The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed.
		Jesse James was shot and killed by Robert Ford and Charlie Ford.
1883		Buffalo Bill Cody debuted his Wild West Show.
		A decision in the Civil Rights Cases legalized the doctrine of racial segregation.
		The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was passed.
		The Brooklyn Bridge opened.
1885		Grover Cleveland was inaugurated as President.
		The Washington monument was completed.
1886		Haymarket Riot: The riot took place.
		The American Federation of Labor was founded in Columbus, Ohio.
1887		The United States Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission.
		The Dawes Act was passed.
		The Hatch Act was passed.
1888		Looking Backward, by Edward Bellamy, was published.
		The National Geographic Society was founded.
1889		Benjamin Harrison becomes President
	November 2	North Dakota, South Dakota became the 39th and 40th states.
	Novembe 8	Montana became the 41st state
	November 11	Washington became the 42nd state.
		Johnstown flood: A flood occurred in Pennsylvania.
		Jane Addams founded Hull House.
	April 22	Land Run of 1889: The land run began.
1890		The Sherman Antitrust Act was passed.
		Jacob Riis published How the Other Half Lives.
		The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was passed.
		The McKinley tariff was passed.
		Yosemite National Park was created.
	July 3	Idaho became the 43rd state.
	July 10	Wyoming became the 44th state.
		Wounded Knee Massacre: The massacre took place.
		The National American Woman Suffrage Association was founded.
1891		Baltimore Crisis: The crisis took place.
		James Naismith invented basketball.
1892		Homestead Strike: The strike took place.
		General Electric was founded.
		The Sierra Club was founded
1893		Cleveland was inaugurated President for a second term.
		Panic of 1893: The panic took place.
		The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was repealed.
1894		Coxey's Army marched on Washington, D.C.
		Pullman strike: The strike took place.
		The Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act, including an income tax, was passed.
1895		Stagger Lee Shelton shot Billy Lyons.
		Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company was decided, striking down part of the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act.
1896		A decision in Plessy v. Ferguson affirmed the legality of "separate but equal" facilities.
		William Jennings Bryan delivered his Cross of Gold speech.
		Gold was discovered in the Yukon's Klondike region.
	January 4	Utah became the 45th state.
1897		William McKinley became President.
		The Boston subway was completed.
		The Dingley Act was passed.
1898		The USS Maine exploded in Havana harbor.
		The De Lôme Letter was published.
		Spanish–American War: The Treaty of Paris (1898) ended the war.
	July 7	Republic of Hawaii was annexed.
		The Newlands Resolution was passed.
		The American Anti-Imperialist League was organized.
1899		The Teller Amendment was passed.
		American Samoa was occupied.
		The Open Door Policy was announced.
1900		The United States population exceeded seventy-five million. see Demographics of the United States.
		The Foraker Act was passed.
		The Gold Standard Act was passed.
		Boxer Rebellion: The United States helped put down the rebellion.
		1900 Galveston hurricane: The hurricane took place.

20th century

Depiction of the assassination of President William McKinley

Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States

Destruction from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake

A Ford Model T

Civil rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois, the founder of the NAACP

Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States

Ruins after the Ludlow Massacre

The sinking of the Lusitania

President Wilson requests the declaration of war against Germany in World War One

The signing of the Treaty of Versailles

Destruction from the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921

An image of the Bath, Township Elementary School after being bombed in 1927

Charles Lindbergh with his plane, the Spirit of St. Louis

The Wall Street crash of 1929

The Empire State Building in Midtown Manhattan, New York City

Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States

The Hindenburg disaster

The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco

The Dust Bowl in 1935

Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother became an iconic image representing the economic struggle of the Great Depression

The USS Arizona during the attack on Pearl Harbor

The iconic We Can Do It! poster of World War II

President Roosevelt with Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill and the Tehran Conference

The Normandy landings, commonly known as "D-Day"

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

General Douglas MacArthur during the Korean War

Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States

Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site

Civil rights activist Rosa Parks

Federal troops escorting the Little Rock Nine to their classrooms, after they were prevented from doing so due to protest over racial integration

Ambassador Adlai Stevenson shows Russian missile sites in Cuba to the U.N. amid the Cuban missile crisis.

Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I Have a Dream" speech

President John F. Kennedy just before his assassination

Lyndon B. Johnson being sworn in on Air Force One after the assassination of President Kennedy

President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964

U.S. bombing of North Viet Nam, as apart of Operation Rolling Thunder

Thurgood Marshall, the first African-American Supreme Court Justice

Nonviolent protesters of the Vietnam War

The My Lai Massacre by U.S. troops in South Vietnam

The Lorraine Motel, the site of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

The image Earthrise, taken during the Apollo 8 mission

Neil Armstrong becomes the first man on the Moon

President Richard Nixon upon his resignation

President Gerald Ford announcing the pardon of President Nixon for his actions in the Watergate scandal

President Jimmy Carter with Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat at the Camp David Accords

Group photo of the 52 hostages of the Iran hostage crisis

Eruption of Mount St. Helens

Ronald Reagan, the 40th President of the United States

The swearing in of Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman Supreme Court Justice

The Space Shuttle Challenger's smoke plume after its in-flight breakup, resulting in its crash and the deaths of all seven crew members

The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolically ended the Cold War

Oil fires during the Gulf War

The aftermath of the Oklahoma City bombing

Year	Date	Event	Reference
1901	September 14	President William McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, New York.	[54]
	September 14	Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in as president, after the assassination of President McKinley.	[55]
	November 18	The Hay–Pauncefote Treaty was signed.	[56]
1902	January 1	The first Rose Bowl Game was played between the University of Michigan and Stanford University.	[57]
	February 19	The Elkins Act was signed into law.	[58]
		The Drago Doctrine was announced.	[59]
	June 17	The Newlands Reclamation Act was signed into law.	[60]
1903	January 22	The Hay–Herrán Treaty was passed.	[61]
	June 16	The Ford Motor Company was formed.	[62]
	February 14	The Department of Commerce and Labor was created.	[63]
	October 1	The first World Series was played between the Boston Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates.	[64]
	November 18	The Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty was signed.	[65]
	December 1	The movie The Great Train Robbery premieres.	[66]
	December 17	The Wright brothers made their first powered flight in the Wright Flyer.	[67]
1904		The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was issued.	[68]
	May 4	The Panama Canal Zone was acquired by the United States from France for $40 million.	[69]
	November 8	United States presidential election, 1904: President Theodore Roosevelt was reelected to a second term, defeating New York Appeals Court Judge Alton B. Parker.	[70]
1905	July 11–14	The Niagara Falls conference was held.	[71]
	September 5	The Treaty of Portsmouth, negotiated by President Theodore Roosevelt, was signed, ending the Russo-Japanese War .	[72]
1906	March 13	Women's suffrage and civil rights activist Susan B. Anthony died.	[73]
	April 18	The 1906 San Francisco earthquake killed over 3,400 people and destroyed over 80% of San Francisco; being the deadliest earthquake in American history.	[74][75][76]
	June 29	The Hepburn Act was signed into law.	[77]
	June 30	The Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act were signed; establishing the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).	[78][79]
	December 10	President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in negotiating the end of the Russo-Japanese war; becoming the first statesman to win a Nobel Prize.	[80]
1907	January 26	The Tillman Act was signed into law.	[81]
	February 26	The Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 was signed.	[82]
	November 17	Oklahoma was admitted to the Union, becoming the 46th state.	[83]
	December 6	Monongah Mining Disaster: A coal mine exploded in Monongah, West Virginia, killing at least 361.	[84]
1908	May 30	The Aldrich–Vreeland Act was signed into law.	[85]
	July 26	The Bureau of Investigation (later the FBI) was established.	[86]
	October 1	The Ford Model T appeared on the market.	[62]
	November 3	United States presidential election, 1908: U.S. Secretary of War William Howard Taft was elected President, defeating former Nebraska Representative William Jennings Bryan.	[87]
	November 30	The Root–Takahira Agreement was reached.	[88]
1909		William Howard Taft implemented Dollar Diplomacy.	[89]
	February 12	The NAACP was founded by W. E. B. Du Bois.	[90]
	April 7	Robert Peary became the first person to reach the North Pole.	[91]
	August 2	The first redesigned Lincoln Penny was released to the public.	[92]
1910	February 8	The Boy Scouts of America was created.	[93]
	June 18	The Mann–Elkins Act was signed into law.	[94]
		The Mann Act was signed into law.	[95]
	August 6	The Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act was signed into law.	[96]
1911	May 15	Standard Oil Company v. United States: The Supreme Court found Standard Oil guilty of monopolizing the petroleum industry; subsequently dividing Standard Oil into several geographically separate firms.	[97]
	May 30	The first Indianapolis 500 was held; being won by Ray Harroun.	[98]
1912	January 6	New Mexico was admitted to the Union, becoming the 47th.	[99]
	February 14	Arizona was admitted to the Union, becoming the 48th state.	[99]
	March 12	Girl Scouts of the USA was created by Juliette Gordon Low.	[100]
	April 14–15	The RMS Titanic crashed into an iceberg in the northern Atlantic Ocean, sinking the ship entirely less than three hours the initial collision, killing over 1,500 of the 2,224 passengers aboard.	[101][102][103]
	October 14	Former President Theodore Roosevelt was shot, but not killed, while campaigning for President as the candidate for the progressive Bull Moose Party.	[104]
	November 5	United States presidential election, 1912: New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson defeated incumbent President William Howard Taft, former President Theodore Roosevelt and union leader Eugene V. Debs.	[105]
1913	February 3	The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, establishing an income tax, was ratified.	[106]
	February 17	The Armory Show opened in New York City, introducing American and European modern art to the American public.	[107]
	May 31	The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, establishing direct election of Senators, was ratified.	[108]
	June 15	After mass civilian casualties in the Battle of Bud Bagsak, the Moro's surrendered their rebellion, ending the Philippine–American War.	[109]
	October 4	The Underwood Tariff was signed into law.	[110]
	December 1	Henry Ford developed the modern assembly line.	[111]
	December 23	The Federal Reserve Act was signed into law; establishing the Federal Reserve System.	[112]
1914	April 20	Ludlow Massacre: The camps of striking coal miners were attacked by the Colorado National Guard; killing 25, including 11 children.	[113]
	July 28	World War I: Austria-Hungary invaded the Kingdom of Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; triggering the start of World War I.	[114]
	May 9	The first Mother's Day was observed.	[115]
	September 26	The Federal Trade Commission was established.	[116]
	October 15	The Clayton Antitrust Act was signed into law.	[117]
1915	February 8	The controversial movie The Birth of a Nation opened in Los Angeles, becoming the largest-grossing movie at the time.	[118]
	May 7	The RMS Lusitania was sunk by a German torpedo, killing 1,198 passengers; partially contributing to the U.S.'s later involvement in World War I.	[119]
1916	November 7	Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman elected to the United States Congress.	[120]
		The Adamson Railway Labor Act was signed into law.
	July 17	The Federal Farm Loan Act was signed into law.	[121]
	August 29	The Jones Act was signed into law.	[122]
	November 7	United States presidential election, 1916: President Woodrow Wilson was reelected to a second term, defeating Associate Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York.	[123]
1917	March 31	The United States acquired the Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25,000,000.	[124]
	March 1	The Zimmermann telegram was published, helping shift public opinion in favor of U.S. involvement in World War I.	[125]
	April 6	The United States declared war on Germany, beginning the U.S.'s involvement in World War I.	[126]
	June 15	The Espionage Act was signed into law.	[127]
	November 2	The Lansing–Ishii Agreement was signed.	[128]
		First Red Scare: The scare, marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism, began.	[129][130][131]
1918	January 8	World War I: President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, which assured citizens that the war was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe, was issued.	[132]
	May 16	The Sedition Act of 1918 was signed into law; forbidding the "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" against the United States government during a time of war.	[127][133]
1919		Red Summer: Heightened racial scrutinization of African-Americans during the Red Scare prompted mass racial riots among Whites in Bisbee, Arizona, Longview, Texas, Washington D.C., Chicago, Knoxville, Omaha, and Elaine, Arkansas.	[134]
		Inflation from the Post–World War I recession lead to the strike of 4 million workers; prompting the Boston Police Strike, Seattle General Strike, Steel Strike of 1919 and Coal Strike of 1919.	[129]
	June 28	World War I: The Treaty of Versailles ended the war.	[135]
	October 2	The Black Sox Scandal, involving the fixing of the 1919 World Series, occurred.	[136]
	October 28	President Woodrow Wilson's veto of the Volstead Act was overridden by the Senate, establishing the Eighteenth Amendment.	[137]
	November 19	The United States Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations, becoming the first time in U.S. history the Senate rejected a peace treaty.	[138]
1920	January 17	The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, establishing prohibition in the United States, was ratified.	[139]
		The first radio broadcasts were made, in Pittsburgh and Detroit.	[140]
	August 18	The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, granting women the right to vote, was ratified.	[141]
	September 16	Wall Street Bombing: Wall Street, the financial district of the United States, was bombed, killing 38 people.	[142]
	November 2	United States presidential election, 1920: Ohio Senator Warren G. Harding was elected President, defeating Ohio Governor James M. Cox.	[143]
1921	May 19	The Emergency Quota Act was signed into law.	[144]
	May 31 – June 1	The Tulsa Race Riot occurred; resulting in the deaths of up to 300 African-Americans and leaving more than 8,000 homeless.	[145]
	November 12	The first meeting of the Washington Disarmament Conference of 1921 was held.	[146]
1922	September 21	The Fordney–McCumber Tariff was signed into law.	[147]
1923	August 2	President Warren G. Harding died of a heart attack at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco.	[148]
	August 3	Vice President Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as President, the day following the death of President Harding.	[149]
	November 22	Teapot Dome scandal: Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall resigned as a result of the scandal.	[150]
	December 10	The Equal Rights Amendment, written by women's suffragist leader Alice Paul, was first introduced in the Senate.	[151]
1924	May 10	J. Edgar Hoover was appointed director of the Bureau of Investigation.	[152]
	May 26	The Immigration Act Basic Law was signed into law.	[153]
	November 4	United States presidential election, 1924: President Calvin Coolidge defeated former Solicitor General John W. Davis and Wisconsin Senator Robert M. La Follette.	[154]
1925	July 21	Scopes Trial: High school teacher John T. Scopes was found guilty of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, for teaching human evolution in the classroom.	[155]
	November 4	Nellie Tayloe Ross was elected Governor of Wyoming, becoming the first woman elected governor of a U.S. State.	[156]
	November 28	WSM first broadcast the Grand Ole Opry.	[157]
1926	November 15	The broadcast network NBC was founded.	[158]
1927	January 27	The radio network Columbia Broadcasting System (later CBS) was founded.	[159]
	May 18	Bath School disaster: Andrew Kehoe detonated over 500 pounds of dynamite and incendiary pyrotol which he planted in an elementary school in Bath Township, Michigan, where he later detonated the first ever car bomb in the U.S. in a suicide attack at the scene of the bombing; killing a total of 44 people and being the deadliest mass murder at a school in U.S. History.	[160][161]
	May 21	Charles Lindbergh made the first trans-Atlantic flight.	[162]
	August 23	Sacco and Vanzetti were executed.	[163]
	October 6	The Jazz Singer, the first motion picture with sound, was released.	[164]
1928	August 27	The Kellogg–Briand Pact was signed.	[165]
	November 6	United States presidential election, 1928: U.S. Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover was elected President, defeating New York Governor Al Smith.	[166]
	November 18	Disney's animated feature Steamboat Willie, featuring Mickey Mouse, opened.	[167]
1929	February 14	The St. Valentine's Day Massacre became one of the most infamous slaying between rival gangs of the Prohibition era; resulting in the deaths of 7.	[168]
	October 29	Wall Street Crash of 1929: The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted a record 68 points.	[169]
	November 7	The Museum of Modern Art opened to the public in New York City.	[170]
	February 20	American Samoa officially became a United States territory.	[171]
1930	June 17	The Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act was signed into law.	[172]
1931	May 1	The Empire State Building opened in New York City.	[173]
1932	January 7	The Stimson Doctrine was published.	[174]
	January 22	The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was established.	[175]
	March 23	The Norris–La Guardia Act was signed into law.	[176]
	May	The Bonus Army protests began in Washington, D.C.	[177]
	May 20	Amelia Earhart flew solo across the Atlantic Ocean.	[178]
	November 8	United States presidential election, 1932: New York Governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected President, defeating incumbent Herbert Hoover.	[179]
1933	January 23	The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, moving the beginning and end of the terms of elected federal officials to January 20, was ratified.	[180]
	February 15	Giuseppe Zangara assassinated Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak in an attempt on President-elect Franklin Delano Roosevelt's life.	[181]
	March 4	President Franklin Delano Roosevelt appointed Frances Perkins United States Secretary of Labor, becoming the first woman to hold a cabinet level position.	[182]
		New Deal: The Agricultural Adjustment Act, Civil Works Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Credit Administration, Home Owners Loan Corporation, Tennessee Valley Authority, Public Works Administration, National Industrial Recovery Act were all established or brought into force.	[183]
	December 5	The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution, ending prohibition, was ratified.	[184]
1934		Dust Bowl: The Dust Bowl, characterized by severe drought and heat waves in the Great Plains, began.	[185]
	March 24	The Tydings–McDuffie Act was signed into law, establishing the Philippine Commonwealth.	[186]
	June 6	The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission was established.	[187]
	June 12	The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act was signed into law.	[188]
	June 16	The Glass–Steagall Act was signed into law.	[189]
	June 18	The Indian Reorganization Act was signed into law.	[190]
	June 22	John Dillinger was killed.	[191]
	June 28	The Federal Housing Administration was established.	[192]
1935	March 22	The FBI was established, with J. Edgar Hoover as its first director.	[193]
	April 8	The Works Progress Administration was established.	[194]
	May 14	The Social Security Act was signed into law; establishing the Social Security Administration.	[195]
	May 27	Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States: The Supreme Court ruled that the National Industrial Recovery Act, a central piece of President Roosevelt's New Deal program, was unconstitutional.	[196]
	July 5	The National Labor Relations Act was signed into law.	[197]
	August 9	The Motor Carrier Act was signed into law.	[198]
	August 30	The Revenue Act of 1935 was signed into law.	[199]
	August 31	The Neutrality Act of 1935 was signed into law.	[200]
	September 10	Louisiana Senator Huey Long was assassinated.	[201]
	November 9	The Congress of Industrial Organizations was founded.	[202]
1936	January 6	United States v. Butler: The Supreme Court ruled that the processing taxes instituted under the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act were unconstitutional.	[203]
	March 25	The Second London Naval Treaty was signed.	[204]
	June 19	The Robinson-Patman Act was signed into law.	[205]
	November 3	United States presidential election, 1936: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was reelected to a second term, defeating Kansas Governor Alf Landon.	[206]
	December 30	The Flint Sit-Down Strike began.	[207]
1937	May 1	The Neutrality Act of 1937 was signed into law.	[208]
	May 6	Hindenburg disaster: The LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire, crashing at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Lakehurst, New Jersey after departing from Frankfurt, Germany; killing thirty-five passengers and one ground crewman.	[209]
	May 27	The Golden Gate Bridge opened in San Francisco.	[210]
	December 12	Panay incident: A Japanese attack was made on the United States Navy gunboat USS Panay while it was anchored in the Yangtze River outside of Nanjing; killing three Americans.	[211]
1938	June 25	The Fair Labor Standards Act was signed into law; establishing a federal minimum wage.	[212]
	October 30	Orson Welles performed a broadcast of The War of the Worlds.	[213]
1939	February 4	Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs became the first full-length animated film.	[214]
	August 2	The Hatch Act, aimed at corrupt political practices, was signed into law, preventing federal civil servants from campaigning.	[215]
	September 1	Invasion of Poland (1939): Nazi Germany invaded Poland.	[216]
	September 21	In response to the Poland Campaign, President Roosevelt requested a cash and carry policy to replace the Neutrality Acts.	[217]
1940	June 29	The Smith Act was signed into law.	[218]
		The cartoon characters Bugs Bunny and Tom and Jerry debuted.	[219][220]
	July 20	Billboard publishes its first music popularity chart.	[221]
	September 16	The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, reinstating the U.S. military draft, was signed into law.	[222]
	November 5	U.S. presidential election, 1940: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was reelected to a third term, defeating corporate lawyer Wendell Willkie of Indiana.	[223]
1941	February 23	American Nuclear chemist Glenn T. Seaborg, with fellow U.C. Berkeley researchers, discovered the chemical element plutonium.	[224][225][226]
	March 11	World War II: Lend-Lease, which supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material, began.	[227]
	June 25	President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802, prohibiting racial discrimination in the defense industry.	[228]
	August 14	World War II: The Atlantic Charter was drafted by Britain and the United States to serve as a blueprint for the postwar world.	[229]
	December 7	Attack on Pearl Harbor: The Empire of Japan deliberately attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Sinking six U.S. ships, including the USS Arizona, and destroying 188 aircraft, the attack on Pearl Harbor resulted in the deaths of 2,402 American citizens and leaving 1,178 wounded.	[230]
	December 8	The United States declares war on the Empire of Japan, beginning the U.S. entry into World War II.	[231]
	December 11	The United States declares war on Germany and Italy, after both nations declared war with United States.	[232]
1942		The Congress of Racial Equality was established.	[233]
	January 20	The Office of Price Administration was established.	[234]
	February 9	Automobile production in the United States for private consumers is halted by the War Production Board.	[235]
	February 19	Japanese American internment: Internment and seizure of property began, per Executive Order 9066 issued by President Roosevelt.	[236]
	April 9	The U.S. surrenders to Japan in the Battle of Bataan, beginning the three year occupation of the Commonwealth of the Philippines by Japanese forces.	[237]
	April 11	President Roosevelt signed Executive order 8734; establishing the Office of Price Administration.	[238]
	April 18	Pacific Theater of Operations: The Doolittle Raid begins the first U.S. bombing of Japanese archipelago.	[239]
	June 3	The Aleutian Islands Campaign begins the Japanese occupation of Alaska Territory.	[240]
	June 4–7	The Battle of Midway was fought.	[241]
	August 7	The Guadalcanal Campaign begins in the Solomon Islands.	[242]
	August 13	The Manhattan Project, leading to the development of the first atomic bomb, began.	[243]
	October 21	The Revenue Act of 1942 was signed into law.	[244]
	November 28	The Cocoanut Grove fire, the deadliest nightclub fire in U.S. History, killed 492 people in Boston.	[245]
1943	January 14–24	The Casablanca Conference was held.	[246]
	March 31	The Broadway musical Oklahoma! opened.	[247]
	June 20–22	The Detroit Race Riot occurred; resulting in the deaths of 34 Whites and African-Americans and leaving 670 injured.	[248][249]
	September 8	Armistice of Cassibile: General Dwight Eisenhower publicly announces the surrender of Italy to the Allied Powers; with Italy later declaring war on Germany one month later.	[250][251][252]
	November 22–26	The Cairo Conference was held.	[253]
	November 28	The Tehran Conference was held between the "Big Three" Allied leaders of World War II.	[254]
1944	June 6	Normandy Landings (D-Day): The Invasion of Normandy, one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history, began in the Allied Powers broader Operation Overlord; leading to the Liberation of Paris.	[255][256][257]
	June 22	The G.I. Bill was signed into law.	[258]
	July 1–22	United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference: Delegates from 44 nations met to discuss a new post-WWII monetary policy.	[259]
	August 21	The Dumbarton Oaks Conference began, starting the first talks between world leaders on the establishment of the United Nations.	[260]
	November 7	U.S. presidential election, 1944: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was reelected to a fourth term, defeating New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey.	[261]
	December 16	The Battle of the Bulge, Germany's final major offensive of World War II, began; being the deadliest military battle for the United States during World War II.	[262][263]
1945	February 4–11	The Yalta Conference was held in the Soviet Union.	[264]
	February 19	The Battle of Iwo Jima began.	[265]
	March 19	The Western Allied invasion of Germany began.
	April 1	The Battle of Okinawa began, being the deadliest battle of the Pacific War.	[266]
	April 12	President Franklin D. Roosevelt died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Warm Springs, Georgia; with Vice President Harry S. Truman succeeding him, becoming the 33rd President.	[267][268]
	April 30	German Chancellor Adolf Hitler committed suicide alongside wife Eva Braun in Berlin.	[269]
	May 7	Germany surrenders to the Allied Powers, leading to the End of World War II in Europe.	[270]
	June 26	United Nations Charter: The United Nations was founded, replacing the League of Nations.	[271]
	July 17 - August 2	The Potsdam Conference was held in Occupied Germany.	[272]
	August 6 & 9	Operation Downfall: The United States conducted the only two atomic bombings during a war on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing 70,000 people in Hiroshima (including 20,000 Japanese combatants and 20,000 Korean slave laborers) and 40,000 in Nagasaki (including 27,778 Japanese munitions workers, 2,000 Korean slave laborers, and 150 Japanese combatants).	[273]
	August 15	Surrender of Japan: In a broadcast to the Japanese public, Emperor Hirohito announced that Japan had accepted the Potsdam Declaration, surrendering to the Allied Powers.	[274]
	September 2	The Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed between the Empire of Japan, the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, Republic of China, France, Netherlands, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, on the deck of the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay; marking the end of World War II.	[275]
	November 20	Nuremberg Trials: The military tribunals against Nazi Germany leadership began.	[276]
		Strike Wave of 1945–1946: Nationwide labor strikes were held, with over 4.6 million workers striking.	[277]
1946		Automobile production in the United States for private consumers resumed.	[278]
	February 20	The Employment Act was signed into law; establishing the Council of Economic Advisers.	[279]
	July 4	The Philippines regained independence from the United States.	[280]
	July 14	Benjamin Spock's The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care was published.	[281]
	August 1	The United States Atomic Energy Act of 1946 was signed into law; establishing the United States Atomic Energy Commission.	[282]
	December 5	President Truman signed Executive Order 9808; establishing the President's Committee on Civil Rights.	[283]
1947	March 12	The Truman Doctrine was declared, establishing "the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."	[284]
	March 21	President Truman signed executive order 9835; establishing the Federal Employee Loyalty Program to search out the "infiltration of disloyal persons" in the U.S. Government.	[285]
	April 15	Jackie Robinson of the Brooklyn Dodgers broke the color line in Major League Baseball.	[286]
	June 5	The Marshall Plan was announced by U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall.	[287]
	June 23	The Taft Hartley Act was enacted, with the House and Senate overriding President Truman's veto of the bill.	[288]
	July 7	The Roswell UFO incident occurred near Roswell, New Mexico.	[289]
	July 18	The Presidential Succession Act was signed into law.	[290]
	July 26	The National Security Act of 1947 was signed into law, establishing the Central Intelligence Agency.	[291]
	October 30	The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was signed in Geneva.	[292]
1948	April 30	The Charter of the Organization of American States was adopted.	[293]
	June 8	Texaco Star Theater, the first top-rated United States network television show, debuted on television.	[294]
	June 24	The Berlin Blockade, the first major crisis of the Cold War, took place.	[295]
		The Selective Service Act of 1948 was signed into law.	[296]
	July 26	President Truman signed Executive Order 9981, leading to the desegregating the United States Armed Forces.	[297]
	November 2	U.S. presidential election, 1948: President Harry S. Truman was reelected to a second term, defeating New York Governor and 1944 Presidential nominee Thomas E. Dewey, and South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond, in what is regarded as one of the biggest upsets in American political history.	[298][299][300]
	November 26	The Polaroid camera was first offered for sale.	[301]
1949	January 5	In the 1949 State of the Union Address, President Truman proposed the unsuccessful Fair Deal; his administration's agenda for economic and domestic policy.	[302]
		Allied-occupied Germany was divided into East and West Germany.
	April 4	North Atlantic Treaty: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was founded.	[303]
	April 13	The Nuremberg Trials ended, with the convictions of 24 major Nazi political and military leaders, among others.	[304][305]
	August 10	The National Security Amendments of 1949 was signed into law by President Truman, renaming the Department of War the Department of Defense.	[306]
	August 29	First Lightning: The Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb.	[307]
1950		Second Red Scare: McCarthyism, the term to describe "the practice of making unfair allegations or using unfair investigative techniques, especially of pro-Communist activity" of Senator Joseph McCarthy,[308] began after heightened fears of Communist influence in America.
	January 21	A grand jury found former State Department official and President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Alger Hiss guilty on two counts of perjury in connection with charges that he was a Soviet spy.	[309][310]
	February 9	Senator McCarthy came to national prominence after claiming to have a list of 205 State Department employees who were members of the Communist Party and "helping to shape [the U.S.'s] foreign policy."	[311]
	June 25	Korean War: The North Korean military began the Communist lead invasion of South Korea.	[312]
	June 27	President Truman ordered U.S. air and naval support to aid South Korea against the Northern lead invasion; prompting the beginning of the U.S. involvement in the Korean War.	[313]
	September 22	The McCarran Internal Security Act was enacted, with the House and Senate overriding President Truman's veto of the bill.	[314]
	October 2	The comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz, was first published.	[315]
	November 1	Truman assassination attempt: Two Puerto Rican nationals attempted to assassinate President Harry S. Truman while he stayed at Blair House.	[316]
1951	February 27	The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, establishing term limits for President, was ratified.	[317]
	April 11	President Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur of his commands after criticizing the limited war efforts of the Truman administration, and starting unauthorized talks with China in the Korean war.	[318]
	September 1	The ANZUS Treaty was signed.	[319]
	September 8	The Japanese Peace Treaty Conference was held San Francisco.	[320]
	October 10	The Mutual Security Act was signed into law.	[321]
1952	June 27	The McCarran–Walter Act was enacted, with the House and Senate overriding President Truman's veto of the bill.	[322]
	November 4	United States presidential election, 1952: Five-Star General and former Chief of Staff of the United States Army Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected President, defeating Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson II.	[323]
1953	April 25	Molecular biologists James Watson and Francis Crick published their paper on the discovery of the molecular structure of DNA.	[324][325]
	June 19	Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed on conspiracy to commit espionage after they were found guilty of giving U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.	[326][327]
	July 19	The Korean Armistice Agreement was signed, ending the Korean War.	[328]
	August 15	Operation Ajax: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi returned to power after the CIA conducted a coup d'état in Iran.	[329]
1954	January 1	Tournament of Roses Parade: The parade was the first national color television broadcast.	[330]
	April 26 – July 20	Geneva Conference (1954): A conference was held where the United States attempted to find a way to unify Korea and restore peace in Indochina.	[331]
	May 17	Brown v. Board of Education: The Supreme Court declared that state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students, and denying black children equal educational opportunities, were unconstitutional.	[332]
	June 9	Army-McCarthy hearings: Senator McCarthy was nationally discredited after failing to provide credible evidence supporting accusations of communist activity in the U.S. government amid the two months of televised hearings.	[333][334][335]
	June 18–27	Operation PBSUCCESS: The CIA organized the overthrow of Guatemala's democratically elected President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán.	[336][337][338]
	September 8	The United States became a member of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).	[339]
	November 23	The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at an all-time high of 382.74, the first time it closed above its peak set before the Wall Street Crash of 1929.	[340]
	December 2	The United States and the Republic of China signed the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, amid the First Taiwan Strait Crisis.	[341]
	December 23	The first successful kidney transplant on a human was performed in Boston.	[342]
1955		The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) began.
	April 12	The announcement that the polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk was found to be "safe, effective and potent" was made by the University of Michigan.	[343]
	April 15	Ray Kroc opened the first McDonald's fast food restaurant in Des Plaines, Illinois.	[344]
	May 14	The Warsaw Pact was signed, establishing a mutual defense arrangement subscribed to by eight Communist states in Eastern Europe, including the Soviet Union.	[345]
	July 17	Disneyland opened at Anaheim, California.	[346]
	August 28	Emmett Till was kidnapped, beaten and murdered in Money, Mississippi after reportedly flirting with a white woman; with the pictures of his open casket funeral, and the acquittal of his captors, the public reaction of Till's death helped spark the Civil Rights Movement.	[347]
	September 30	Actor James Dean was killed in a highway collision in Salinas, California.	[348]
	November 1	Vietnam War: President Eisenhower deploys the first American personnel from the Military Assistance Advisory Group to South Vietnam after the First Indochina War.	[349]
	December 1	Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama after refusing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger, inciting the 386-day Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.	[350]
	December 5	The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations merged into the AFL-CIO, becoming the largest labor union in the United States.	[351]
1956	June 29	The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, authorizing the construction of 41,000 miles of the Interstate Highway System over a 20-year period, was signed into law.	[352]
		Hungarian Revolution of 1956: The United States refused to support the revolution.	[353]
	November 6	United States presidential election, 1956: President Dwight D. Eisenhower was reelected to a second term, defeating 1952 Democratic presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson II in the rematch election.	[354]
1957	January 5	The Eisenhower Doctrine, wherein a country could request American economic assistance or military aid if threatened by outside armed aggression, was proclaimed.	[355]
	January 10	Dr. King, Rustin, Lowrey, Shuttlesworth and Abernathy founded the Southern Christian Leadership Council (SCLC).	[356]
	September 4	Little Rock Integration Crisis: Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus deployed members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African-American students from integrating in the Little Rock Central High School.	[357]
	September 9	The Civil Rights Act of 1957, primarily a voting rights bill, was signed into law.	[358]
	September 23	President Eisenhower federalized the Arkansas National Guard and sent members of the 101st Airborne Division to escort the Little Rock Nine to their classrooms in response to Governor Faubus' efforts preventing school desegregation.	[359]
	October 4	Space race: The Soviet Union launched Sputnik.	[360]
	December 2	Atoms for Peace: The Shippingport Atomic Power Station, the first commercial nuclear power plant, went into service.	[361]
1958	January 31	Explorer 1: The first U.S. satellite was launched into space.	[362]
	July 29	The National Aeronautics and Space Act was signed into law; establishing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.	[363]
		Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit.	[364]
	September 2	The National Defense Education Act was signed into law.	[365]
1959	January 3	Alaska was admitted to the Union, becoming the 49th state.	[366]
	February 4	The Day the Music Died: Musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson, and pilot, Roger Peterson, were killed in a plane accident.	[367]
	May 4	The First Grammy Awards was held.	[368]
	July 8	U.S. Army Master Sergeant Chester Ovnand and Major Dale M. Buis were killed in South Vietnam, being the first two official American casualties of the Vietnam War.	[369][370]
	August 21	Hawaii was admitted to the Union, becoming the 50th state.	[371]
1960	February 1	The Greensboro sit-ins, sparked by the refusal of four African American college students to move from a segregated lunch counter, began similar widespread acts of civil disobedience to protest Jim Crow laws.	[372]
		The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was founded.	[373]
	May 1	U-2 incident: A CIA U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission over Soviet airspace.	[374]
	May 6	The Civil Rights Act of 1960, establishing federal inspection of local voter registration polls and penalties for those attempting to obstruct the right to vote, was signed into law.	[375]
	September 26	The first ever general election debate between presidential candidates was held between Democratic nominee John F. Kennedy and Republican nominee Richard M. Nixon.	[376]
	November 8	United States presidential election, 1960: Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy was elected President, defeating Vice President Richard M. Nixon and becoming the youngest person to be elected to the office of the Presidency.	[377][378]
	December 5	Boynton v. Virginia: In a 7-2 ruling, the Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans were protected from racial segregation on buses by the Interstate Commerce Act.	[379]
	December 20	The National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam was formed.	[380]
1961	January 3	The United States broke diplomatic relations with Cuba.	[381]
	January 17	President Eisenhower gave his farewell address which warned of the "military–industrial complex".	[382][383]
	February 7	The United States embargo against Cuba came into force.	[384]
	March 1	President Kennedy signed Executive Order 10924, establishing the Peace Corps.	[385]
	March 29	The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, which granted electors to the District of Columbia, was ratified.	[386]
	April 17 – 19	Bay of Pigs Invasion: The failed U.S. led invasion and attempted coup d'état of Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro took place.	[387][388]
	May 4	The Freedom Rides began in Washington D.C. after the failure to enforce the Supreme Court's ruling in Boynton v. Virginia.	[389][390]
	May 5	Alan Shepard piloted the Freedom 7 capsule to become the first American in space.	[391]
	May 25	President Kennedy proposed the Apollo program, with the goal of "landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth."	[392]
	June 16	Vietnam War: President Kennedy deployed an additional 400 U.S. military advisors (900 total) to South Vietnam; totaling 3,200 American troops by 1963, and more than 11,000 by mid-1964.	[393][394][395]
1962	February 20	John Glenn orbited the Earth.	[396]
	March 26	A decision was reached in Baker v. Carr which enabled federal courts to intervene in and to decide reapportionment cases.	[397]
	June 11	Three inmates go missing on an escape from Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary on June 11, 1962.	[398]
	June 25	A decision in Engel v. Vitale determined that it was unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools.	[399]
	August 5	Marilyn Monroe died of an apparent overdose from acute barbiturate poisoning at age thirty-six.	[400]
	October 14–27	Cuban missile crisis: A nuclear confrontation took place between the United States and the Soviet Union.	[401]
1963	February 19	Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique, attributed to sparking Second-wave feminism, was published.	[402]
	March 18	Gideon v. Wainwright: In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the right to counsel is protected under the Sixth Amendment.	[403]
	April 3	Birmingham campaign: The nonviolent led protests against racial segregation in Birmingham, Alabama was launched by the SCLC.	[404]
	April 16	Letter from a Birmingham Jail: Dr. King was arrested amid the Birmingham campaign, writing an open letter defending the strategy nonviolent protest.	[405]
	June 10	The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was signed into law.	[406]
	June 12	NAACP field secretary Medgar Evers was assassinated at his home in Mississippi by white supremacists, hours after President Kennedy gave his Civil Rights Address.	[407]
	August 28	March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., among other notable civil rights leaders, spoke on the Lincoln Memorial, giving his historic "I Have a Dream" speech at the march that drew over 200,000 demonstrators.	[408][409][410]
	September 15	The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing, carried out by a KKK splinter group, killed four African-American girls in what was seen as a turning point for the Civil Rights Movement.	[411]
	October 7	The Atomic Test Ban Treaty was signed.	[412]
	November 22	President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by a sniper in Dallas, Texas while traveling in an open presidential motorcade with Texas Governor John Connally, who was injured in the incident.	[413]
		Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as President, hours after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.	[414]
	November 24	Lee Harvey Oswald, the sniper who assassinated President Kennedy, was killed after being fatally shot by Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby.	[415]
	November 29	The Warren Commission was established by President Johnson to investigate the assassination of President Kennedy.	[416]
	December 17	The Clean Air Act was signed into law.	[417]
1964	January 23	The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax, was ratified.	[418]
	February 7	British Invasion: The Beatles arrived in the United States.	[419]
	May 22	President Johnson proposed the Great Society, a set of social reforms aimed at the elimination of poverty and racial injustice.	[420][421]
		The Freedom Summer began, aimed to increase voter registration for African Americans.	[422]
	July 2	The Civil Rights Act of 1964, outlawing both segregation and major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, was signed into law.	[423]
	August 2	Tonkin Gulf incident, a false flag operation with 'deliberately skewed' intelligence to expand U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, occurred.	[424][425][426]
	August 4	Mississippi civil rights workers' murders: The bodies of three missing civil rights activists, working to register voters as a part of the Freedom Summer, were found near Philadelphia, Mississippi.	[427]
	August 10	The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, not a formal declaration of war in Vietnam, was signed by President Johnson	[428]
	August 20	The Economic Opportunity Act was signed into law.	[429]
	November 3	United States presidential election, 1964: President Lyndon B. Johnson defeated Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater.	[430]
	December 10	Dr. King became the youngest person ever to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, for his 'nonviolent campaign against racism'.	[431]
1965		Vietnam War: Johnson escalates United States military involvement in the war, with the number of U.S. troops totaling more than 184,000.	[395]
	February 21	African American Muslim minister and human rights activist Malcolm X was assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem, New York.	[432]
	March 2	Operation Rolling Thunder began in the Vietnam War.	[433]
	March 7	The Selma to Montgomery marches, known as "Bloody Sunday", drew national outrage after Alabama State Troopers severely beat and used tear gas against the nonviolent demonstrators.	[434]
	March 25	In a third attempt to march from Selma to Montgomery, 3,200 civil rights demonstrators reached the Alabama State Capitol, where they were joined with a crowd of 25,000, after four days of marching.	[435]
	April 17	March Against the Vietnam War: The Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the SNCC led the first major anti-war demonstration against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., with over 25,000 protesters.	[436]
	July 30	The Social Security Amendments of 1965 was signed into law, establishing Medicaid and Medicare in the United States.	[437]
	August 6	The Voting Rights Act was signed into law.	[438]
	August 11 - 17	The Watts riots began in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, resulting in the deaths of 34 people.	[439]
	September 9	The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was established, after the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 was signed into law by President Johnson.	[440]
	October 3	The Immigration Act of 1965 was signed into law, abolishing the National Origins Formula.	[441]
	November 8	The Higher Education Act of 1965 was passed.	[442]
1966	January 18	Robert C. Weaver was sworn in as the first United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, becoming the first African American to hold a cabinet-level position.	[443]
	June 13	Miranda v. Arizona: The Supreme Court ruled that not informing suspects held in custody on their right to counsel and silence violated protection against self incrimination, establishing what later became known as "Miranda Rights".	[444]
	June 30	The feminist group the National Organization for Women (NOW) was formed.	[445]
	July 4	The Freedom of Information Act was signed into law.	[446]
	September 9	The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act was passed.	[447]
1967	January 3	Jack Ruby died of a pulmonary embolism at Parkland Hospital, where Oswald had died and where President Kennedy had been pronounced dead after his assassination.	[448]
	January 8	Operation Cedar Falls, the largest ground operation of the Vietnam War, began; with over 500,000 with the number of U.S. troops totaling more than 500,000 by the end of 1967.	[449][450]
	January 15	Super Bowl I: In the first Super Bowl took place between the Green Bay Packers and the Kansas City Chiefs.	[451]
	February 23	The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, establishing succession to the Presidency and procedures for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, was ratified.	[452]
	April 1	The United States Department of Transportation was established.	[453]
	April 15	National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam: 400,000 demonstrators march in New York City from Central Park to the United Nations Headquarters against the Vietnam War; with 100,000 protesting the war in San Francisco, being one of the largest demonstrations against the Vietnam War.	[454]
		The Summer of Love took place, marking a defining period for the counterculture movement in the U.S.	[455][456]
	June 12	Loving v. Virginia: The Supreme Court overruled the prohibition of interracial marriage.	[457]
	July 1	American Samoa became self-governing under a new Constitution.	[458]
	October 2	Thurgood Marshall was sworn in as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; becoming the first African-American Justice to serve on the court.	[459]
1968	January 30	The Tet Offensive, a campaign of surprise attacks by the Viet Cong, began.	[460]
	April 4	Civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated by a sniper at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee.	[461]
	April 4 - May 29	King assassination riots: The assassination of Dr. King prompted mass riots in Chicago, Washington D.C., Baltimore, Kansas City and Louisville; leaving 36 people dead.	[462]
	April 11	The Civil Rights Act of 1968, providing equal housing protection, was signed into law.	[463]
	June 5	Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles by Sirhan Sirhan, after winning the California primary while campaigning for President.	[464]
	July 1	The United States signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.	[465]
	August 25–29	Chicago City Police clashed with anti-war protesters at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.	[466]
	October 22	The Gun Control Act of 1968 was signed into law.	[467]
	November 5	United States presidential election, 1968: Former Vice President Richard Nixon was elected President, defeating incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey and Alabama Governor George Wallace.	[468]
		Shirley Chisholm of New York became the first African-American woman elected to Congress.	[469]
	December 21	Apollo 8: The first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit occurred.	[470]
1969	March 18	Operation Menu: The United States began its covert bombings of North Vietnamese positions in Cambodia and Laos.	[471]
	June 29	The Stonewall riots took place, beginning after police raided the Stonewall Inn in New York City, which would mark the start of the modern gay liberation movement in the United States.	[472]
	July 18	Chappaquiddick incident: Senator Edward M. Kennedy drove off a bridge on his way home from a party on Chappaquiddick Island, killing his passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne.	[473]
	July 20	Apollo 11: Americans astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins became the first men to land on the moon, with Armstrong becoming the first man to walk on the moon's surface.	[474]
	August 15–19	The Woodstock Festival took place in White Lake, New York, proclaimed as "three days of peace and music", it became one of the defining events representing counterculture movement.	[475]
	November 3	Vietnamization: President Nixon outlaid his administration's Vietnam policy in response to the Tet Offensive.	[476]
	November 10	Sesame Street premiered on National Educational Television.	[477]
	November 15	Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam: Over 500,000 peaceful demonstrators protested the Vietnam War in Washington D.C., being the largest anti-war protest in U.S. history.	[478]
	December 15	President Nixon announces the withdrawal of 50,000 U.S. troops from Vietnam; reaching the peak level of U.S. troops in Vietnam at 541,000.	[479][480]
1970	January 1	The National Environmental Policy Act was signed into law.	[481]
	May 4	Kent State shootings: Shootings occurred during anti-war, student protests that grew violent, resulting in the deaths of four demonstrators by the Ohio National Guard.	[482]
	April 20	President Nixon announces the further withdrawal of 150,000 troops in Vietnam.	[483]
	April 30	President Nixon announces the beginning of the Cambodian Campaign.	[484]
	April 22	The first Earth Day was observed.	[485]
	July 4	American Top 40, hosted by radio personality Casey Kasem, which featured a weekly countdown, premiered.	[486]
	October 5	The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) began operations, succeeding National Educational Television (NET).	[487]
	December 2	The United States Environmental Protection Agency was established.	[488]
	December 29	The Occupational Safety and Health Act was signed into law, establishing OSHA.	[489]
1971	January 25	Charles Manson is sentenced to death (with his sentence later commuted to life in prison) for his involvement in the Tate-LaBianca murders.	[490]
	April 1	The Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act was signed into law, banning cigarette advertisements on radio and television and issuing a Surgeon General's warning on tobacco products.	[491]
	June 13	Pentagon Papers: The New York Times publishes its first story on the classified 7,000 page Department of Defense study, leaked by study participant Daniel Ellsberg, on the U.S.'s political-military involvement in Vietnam since 1945.	[492][493]
	June 17	President Nixon declares a "War on Drugs", stating that drug use in the U.S. is "public enemy number one."	[494]
	June 30	New York Times Co. v. United States: The Supreme Court ruled that the Pentagon Papers may be published, rejecting government injunctions as unconstitutional prior restraint.	[495]
	July 1	The Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, lowering the voting age from 21 to 18, was ratified.	[496]
	August 15	Nixon Shock: Nixon ended the gold standard in the United States.	[497]
	September 13	Attica Prison riot: After four days of holding 39 prison staff members hostage, a raid that led to a riot at the Attica Correctional Facility was launched by New York State Police; leaving 43 staff and prisoners dead and being the deadliest prison riot in U.S. history.	[498]
1972	February 21–28	1972 Nixon visit to China: President Nixon became the first U.S. President to visit the People's Republic of China, marking the end of 25 years of isolation between the U.S. and China.	[499][500]
	May 26	SALT I Treaty: The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was signed between the Soviet Union and United States at the Moscow Summit.	[501]
	June 9–10	Black Hills flood: Flooding in the Black Hills region of Western South Dakota killed 238 people.	[502]
	June 17	Watergate burglaries: Five men were arrested for the burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C.	[503]
	June 23	The Education Amendments of 1972, enacting Title IX and prohibiting gender based discrimination of educational institutions, was signed into law.	[504]
	June 29	Furman v. Georgia: The Supreme Court ruled that application of the death penalty outside of cases of homicide violated protection against cruel and unusual punishment.	[505]
	October 17	The Clean Water Act is enacted, was overridden by the Senate.	[506]
	November 7	U.S. presidential election, 1972: President Nixon was reelected to a second term, defeating South Dakota Senator George McGovern.	[507]
	December 14	Apollo 17 became the final mission of the Apollo program and last human spaceflight to the moon.	[508]
	December 18	Operation Linebacker II: The final major U.S. bombing campaign in North Vietnam began.	[509]
1973	January 22	Roe v. Wade: The Supreme Court ruled that state laws banning abortion before 24 weeks as unconstitutional.	[510]
	January 23	The Paris Peace Accords was signed, ending the United States' direct involvement in the Vietnam War.	[511]
	May 3	The Sears Towers opened in Chicago, becoming the World's tallest building.	[512]
	May 14	The space station Skylab was launched by NASA.	[513]
	May 17	The United States Senate Watergate Committee held its first hearing.	[514]
	October 10	Vice President Spiro T. Agnew resigned in disgrace as part of a plea bargain after being charged with tax evasion, extortion and conspiracy.	[515]
	October 20	Saturday Night Massacre: President Nixon fired three top legal advisers over the disposition of secret tapes and the actions of the Special Prosecutor in regard to the Watergate scandal.	[516]
	October	1973 oil crisis: Gasoline prices in the U.S. quadrupled over a three-month period in response to reduced supply of gasoline and heating oil.	[517]
	December 6	House Minority Leader Gerald Ford of Michigan was sworn in as Vice President after the resignation of Spiro Agnew; becoming the first Vice President to be appointed under the Twenty-fifth Amendment.	[518]
1974	April 3–4	1974 Super Outbreak: An outbreak of 148 tornadoes hit thirteen states, killing 330 people.	[519]
	April 8	Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves broke Babe Ruth's home run record by hitting his 715th career home run.	[520]
	June 30	The House Judiciary Committee voted to impeach President Nixon over his actions in the Watergate Scandal.	[521]
	August 9	President Richard Nixon becomes the first and only President to resign from office. After submitting his resignation in an address to the nation the evening before, Nixon stated that "the interest of the Nation must always come before any personal considerations."	[522][523][524]
		Vice President Gerald Ford is sworn in as President after the resignation of President Nixon.	[525]
	September 8	President Ford pardoned former President Richard Nixon for any crimes he may have committed as President during the Watergate Scandal.	[526]
	December 31	Executive Order 6102, restricting the private holding of gold within the United States, was lifted.	[527]
1975	January 27	The Church Committee, Chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church, was established in the aftermath of the Watergate Scandal; investigating the illegal activities of the CIA, NSA and FBI.	[528]
	April 4	Bill Gates founded Microsoft Corporation.	[529]
	April 30	Fall of Saigon: Saigon, the capitol of South Vietnam, was captured by the People's Army of Vietnam and the Viet Cong, causing the South to surrender and officially ending the Vietnam War.	[530]
	July 15	Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: The first joint U.S.–Soviet space mission began in Kazakhstan.	[531]
	September 5	President Ford was uninjured after a failed assassination attempt by Manson Family cult member Lynette Fromme in Sacramento, California.	[532]
1976	April 1	Steve Jobs founded Apple Inc.	[533]
	July 2	Gregg v. Georgia: The Supreme Court affirmed that the death penalty did not violate the Eighth Amendment.	[534]
	July 4	United States Bicentennial: Americans celebrated the United States bicentennial.	[535]
	October 19	The Copyright Act of 1976 was signed into law.	[536]
	November 2	U.S. presidential election, 1976: Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter was elected President, defeating incumbent Gerald Ford.	[70]
1977	January 23	The television miniseries Roots aired on ABC.	[537]
	May 25	Star Wars is released and goes on to become the highest-grossing film of its time.	[538]
	July 13–14	New York City blackout of 1977: A twenty-five-hour blackout, resulting in looting and other disorder, took place.	[539]
	August 4	The United States Department of Energy is established.	[540]
	August 16	Elvis Presley, the "King of Rock and Roll", died at his home in Graceland.	[541]
	September 7	The Torrijos–Carter Treaties between the U.S. and Panama, relinquishing U.S. control of the Panama Canal, were ratified.	[542]
	Mid-October	The Commodore PET, the first personal computer for retail sale, was released.	[543]
1978	September 17	The Camp David Accords were signed by Menachem Begin of Israel and Anwar Sadat of Egypt at Camp David.	[544]
	October 25	The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act was signed into law.	[545]
	October 27	The Humphrey Hawkins Full Employment Act was signed into law.	[546]
	November 18	Jonestown Massacre: The mass-suicide of 909 American citizens who were members of the religious cult the Peoples Temple, led by Jim Jones, occurred in Guyana. With the addition murders of nine others, including Congressman Leo Ryan, the 918 deaths were the largest loss of American life in a single incident and in a non-natural disaster at the time.	[547][548][549]
	November 27	Moscone–Milk assassinations: Harvey Milk, the first openly gay person elected to public office, and San Francisco Mayor George Moscone, were assassinated by Dan White in San Francisco.	[550]
1979	March 28	Three Mile Island accident: The partial nuclear meltdown and release of small amounts of radioactive gases and iodine of a nuclear power plant in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania began; considered to be the worst commercial nuclear power accident in U.S. history.	[551]
	May 21	White Night Riots: After the lenient sentence of Moscone-Milk assassin Dan White, over 5,000 demonstrators in San Francisco's gay community staged what turned into a violent protest.	[552]
	May 25	American Airlines Flight 191 flight crashed shortly after takeoff from O'Hare International Airport, killing all 271 aboard and two on the ground; being the deadliest aviation accident on U.S. soil.	[553]
	October 17	The United States Department of Education is established.	[554]
	November 4	Iran hostage crisis: The U.S. embassy in Tehran was raided by student activists of the Iranian Revolution after overthrown CIA instated Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was allowed into the U.S.; beginning the 444-day capture of the embassy and the holding of fifty-two American embassy personnel.	[555]
1980	March 18	The Refugee Act was signed into law.	[556]
	March 21	1980 Summer Olympics boycott: Protesting the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Carter announces the U.S. would boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow.	[557]
	April 4	The United States Department of Health and Human Services was established.	[558]
	April 24	Operation Eagle Claw: Eight U.S. military personnel were killed after the failed attempt to rescue the fifty-two American hostages held at the U.S. embassy in Tehran.	[559]
	May 18	Eruption of Mount St. Helens: The eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington killed fifty-seven people.	[560]
	June 1	CNN, the first 24-hour cable news channel, was founded.	[561]
	November 4	U.S. presidential election, 1980: California Governor Ronald Reagan was elected President, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter and Illinois Representative John B. Anderson.	[562]
	December 8	Musician John Lennon was assassinated outside of The Dakota in New York City.	[563]
1981	January 20	Iran releases the 52 U.S. hostages held in Tehran after 444 days (the day of the swearing in of President Ronald Reagan); signing the Algiers Accords.	[564]
	March 30	Reagan assassination attempt: President Reagan and three others were injured after an assassination attempt of the President by John Hinckley, outside of the Hilton Washington in Washington D.C.	[565]
	April 12	STS-1: The Space Shuttle Columbia was launched, being the first flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program.	[566]
	July 17	Hyatt Regency walkway collapse: A hotel walkway collapsed in Kansas City, Missouri, killing 114 and injuring over two hundred.	[567]
	August 1	MTV, the first 24-hour cable network dedicated to airing music videos, was launched.	[568]
	August 4	Reaganomics: The Kemp-Roth Tax Cut was signed into law.	[569]
	September 21	Sandra Day O'Connor was sworn in as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, becoming the first woman to serve on the court.	[570]
	November 16	President Reagan signed NDSS 17, authorizing the beginning of CIA support for contra rebels in Nicaragua.	[571]
1982	June 12	Anti-nuclear protests were held at Central Park in New York City, with nearly one million peaceful demonstrators protesting the arms race.	[572]
	August 25	Multinational forces, including 800 Marines, were deployed to Lebanon to oversee the withdrawal of Palestine Liberation Organization after Lebanese Civil War.	[573]
1983	March 23	President Reagan proposes the Strategic Defense Initiative.	[574][575]
	April 18	1983 United States embassy bombing: The U.S. embassy in Beirut was bombed by members of the Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), killing 63 people, including 17 U.S. government personnel.	[576]
	October 23	Beirut barracks bombing: 241 United States Marine Corps personnel were killed in a suicide bombing by members of the IJO in Lebanon.	[577]
	October 25	Operation Urgent Fury: Under executive action from President Reagan, the U.S. deployed 1,900 military personnel in the Invasion of Grenada.	[578]
1984	April 23	U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Margaret Heckler announces Dr. Robert Gallo and fellow NCI researcher's discovery of HTLV-III as the virus that causes AIDS.	[579]
	May 8	1984 Summer Olympics boycott: The Soviet Union, later joined by most of the Eastern Bloc, announced the boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles.	[580]
	July 18	San Ysidro McDonald's massacre: A mass shooting in San Ysidro, California left 22 (including the perpetrator) dead and injured 19 others; being the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history at the time.	[581]
	November 6	U.S. presidential election, 1984: President Reagan was reelected to a second term, defeating former Vice President Walter Mondale.	[582]
1985	July 13	Live Aid, a concert attended by 100,000 people and watched by 1.9 billion viewers in 150 countries at the John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, was held, raising global awareness of famine in Ethiopia.	[583]
		Arrow Air Flight 1285, carrying U.S. Army personnel to Egypt, crashed in Newfoundland, Canada, killing all 256 passengers on board and being the deadliest single aviation accident in the history of the U.S. military.	[584]
1986	January 20	The first Martin Luther King, Jr. Day is observed.	[585]
	January 28	Space Shuttle Challenger disaster: The Space Shuttle Challenger exploded due to a leak in the shuttle's solid rocket booster 73 seconds after departing from the Kennedy Space Center, killing all seven crew members aboard, including school teacher Christa McAuliffe.	[586]
	April 15	Operation El Dorado Canyon: The U.S. began air strikes against Libya after the Berlin discotheque bombing.	[587]
	May 19	The Firearm Owners Protection Act was signed into law.	[588]
	May 25	Hands Across America: Over five million Americans formed a human chain across the Continental United States, holding hands for 15 minutes to raise awareness of hunger and homelessness.	[589]
	October 1	The Goldwater–Nichols Act was signed into law.	[590]
	October 9	The Fox Broadcasting Company was founded.	[591]
	October 21	The Compact of Free Association was signed by the U.S., giving Independence to the Marshall Islands.	[592]
	October 22	The Tax Reform Act of 1986 was signed into law.	[593]
	November 3	Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa first revealed that the United States had secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for American hostages, amid a U.S. arms embargo.	[594][595]
	November 6	The Immigration Reform and Control Act was signed into law.	[596]
	November 25	After the resignation of National Security Advisor John Poindexter, Attorney General Edwin Meese revealed that the profits from the U.S. arms trade with Iran were illegally diverted to support contra groups in Nicaragua.	[594][597]
	November 26	The Tower Commission is established by President Reagan to investigate the Iran-Contra affair.	[598]
1987	May 5	Joint special House and Senate hearings on the Iran-Contra affair began.	[599]
	June 12	During a visit to Berlin, President Reagan challenged Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev to "tear down this wall", referring to the Berlin Wall.	[600]
	October 19	Black Monday: The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 508 points in a single session, losing 22.6% of its value.	[601]
	October 23	The U.S. Senate rejects President Reagan's Supreme Court nomination of Robert Bork.	[602]
	November 18	A joint congressional report investigating the Iran-Contra affair found that the "ultimate responsibility for the events in the Iran-contra affair must rest with the President."	[603][604]
	December 8	The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty was signed in Washington, D.C. between the U.S. and Soviet Union.	[605]
1988	May 14	Carrollton bus collision: A drunk driver crashed into a church bus near Carrollton, Kentucky, killing twenty-seven people.	[606]
		The Yellowstone fires of 1988 burned 793,880 acres of Yellowstone National Park.	[607]
	August 8	Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois added lights for night games, being the last major league park that didn't have lights.	[608]
	August 10	The Civil Liberties Act, compensating Japanese Americans who "lost liberty or property because of discriminatory action by the Federal government during World War II", was signed into law.	[609]
	August 30	STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery was launched.	[610]
	November 2	Morris worm, the first computer worm distributed via the Internet, was launched.	[611]
	November 8	U.S. presidential election, 1988: Vice President George H. W. Bush was elected President, defeating Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis.	[612]
1989	March 15	The United States Department of Veterans Affairs was established.	[613]
	March 24	Exxon Valdez oil spill: An oil tanker struck a reef in Prince William Sound, spilling over 11 million gallons of crude oil in the Gulf of Alaska.	[614]
	May 31	Speaker of the House Jim Wright becomes the first House Speaker to resign amid scandal; he was succeeded by Tom Foley.	[615]
	September 10-22	Hurricane Hugo struck the East Coast, killing 49 people and causing $7 billion in damage.	[616][617]
	October 17	The Loma Prieta earthquake, striking the San Francisco Bay Area and interrupting the 1989 World Series, killed sixty-three people.	[618]
	December 3	Malta Summit: President Bush and Soviet Premier Gorbachev met in Malta weeks after the fall of the Berlin Wall, releasing statements indicating that the war may be coming to an end.	[619]
	December 20	Operation Just Cause: 26,000 U.S. military personnel were deployed in the U.S. invasion of Panama, removing Military Governor Manuel Noriega from power and restoring Panama's democratically elected government.	[620]
		The Office of National Drug Control Policy was established.	[621]
1990	January 13	Douglas Wilder was elected Governor of Virginia, becoming the first African American to become governor of a U.S. State.	[622]
	April 24	The Hubble Space Telescope was launched during a mission of the Space Shuttle Discovery.	[623]
	June 1	The 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord was signed between the United States and the Soviet Union.	[624]
	July 26	The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law.	[625]
	August 2	Gulf War: Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leads the deployment of 140,000 Iraqi troops in the invasion of Kuwait.	[626]
	November 15	The Clean Air Act of 1990 was signed into law.	[627]
1991	January 17	Operation Desert Storm: The United States leads 34 coalition nations in the invasion of Ba'athist Iraq; deploying over 500,000 U.S. military personnel in response to Iraq's annexation of Kuwait.	[628][629]
	February 28	President George H.W. Bush announces that a cease fire was reached between in the Gulf War, stating that "Kuwait is liberated. Iraq's army is defeated."	[630]
	July 31	START I was signed between the United States and the Soviet Union.	[631]
	December 26	The dissolution of the Soviet Union, recognizing the independence of twelve Soviets states after the resignation of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, who declared his office extinct, formally ended the Cold War.	[632] [633]
		Confirmation hearings of Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas were held by the Senate Judiciary Committee, after allegations regarding sexual harassment charges were pressed by former aide Anita Hill.	[634]
1992	April 29– May 4	1992 Los Angeles riots: Riots in Los Angeles, spurred by the acquittal of four Los Angeles Police Department officers accused in the beating of Rodney King, took place, which resulted in over fifty deaths and $1 billion in damage.	[635]
	May 7	The Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting changes to Congressmen's salaries from taking effect until after an election of Representatives, was ratified.	[636]
	August 16–28	Hurricane Andrew: A Category 5 hurricane killed sixty-five people and caused $26 billion in damage to Florida and other areas of the Gulf Coast.	[637][638]
	November 3	United States presidential election, 1992: Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton was elected President, defeating incumbent George H. W. Bush and Texas businessman Ross Perot.	[639]
1993	January 3	START II was signed between the United States and the Russian Federation.	[640]
	February 13– April 19	Waco siege: After the ATF failed to raid the compound of members of the religious sect the Branch Davidians, the FBI prompted a 51-day standoff; resulting in the deaths of 72 Branch Davidians after a fire broke out in the compound.	[641][642]
	February 26	1993 World Trade Center bombing: A truck bomb exploded in the parking garage under the World Trade Center in Manhattan, killing six people and injuring 1,042 others.	[643][644]
	October 3–4	Battle of Mogadishu: 18 U.S. military personnel, as a part of Operation Gothic Serpent, were killed and 84 wounded after a seventeen-hour assault was prompted by Somali militiamen.	[645]
	November 30	The Don't ask, don't tell policy, prohibiting openly gay and bisexual people from serving in the military, was signed into law.	[646]
		The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act was signed into law.	[647]
	December 8	The North American Free Trade Agreement was signed by the United States.	[648]
		Great Flood of 1993: Massive flooding along the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers killed 48 people and caused $30.2 billion in damage; being the costliest flood in U.S. history.	[649]
1994	January 17	The 1994 Northridge earthquake, striking the Northridge, Los Angeles area, killed fifty-seven people and leaving 20,000 others homeless; causing $20 billion in damage and being the costliest earthquake in U.S. history.	[650]
	September 19	The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, authorizing the Federal Assault Weapons Ban and the Violence Against Women Act, was signed into law.	[651][652][653]
	November 8	Republican Revolution: The Republican Party picked up 54 seats in the House and 8 seats in the Senate, being one of the largest shifts in party balance in U.S. congressional history.	[654]
1995	April 19	Oklahoma City bombing: A bombing killed 168 and wounded eight hundred.
	July 14–20	The 1995 Chicago heat wave killed 739 people in Chicago, Illinois.	[655][656]
	October 3	Retired professional football player O. J. Simpson was acquitted of two charges of first-degree murder in the 1994 slayings of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ronald Goldman.
		United States federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996: A budget crisis caused the federal government to partially shut down.
1996		TWA Flight 800: A flight exploded off Long Island, killing all 230 aboard.
		Khobar Towers bombing: A bombing left nineteen American servicemen dead in Saudi Arabia.
		Centennial Olympic Park bombing: A bombing in Atlanta killed one and injured 111.
	August 22	The Welfare Reform Act of 1996, replacing the AFDC with TANF, was signed into law.	[657][658]
		U.S. presidential election, 1996: Bill Clinton was reelected to a second term as President of the United States, defeating presidential candidates Bob Dole and Ross Perot.
		United States federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996: The shutdown ended.
1997		Clinton allowed student funding for any research on human cloning.
		Sparked by a global economic crisis scare, the Dow Jones Industrial Average followed world markets and plummeted 554.26, or 7.18%, to 7,161.15.
1998		Former Arkansas state employee Paula Jones accused Clinton of sexual harassment.
		Lewinsky scandal: Bill Clinton was accused of having a sexual relationship with 22-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky.
		1998 U.S. embassy bombings: 224 were killed in bombings in Tanzania and Kenya.
		Gay college student Matthew Shepard was brutally murdered near the University of Wyoming.
1999		Dennis Hastert of Illinois becomes Speaker of the House of Representatives.
		The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at 10,006.78.
	April 20	Two teenage students murdered 13 other students and teachers at Columbine High School.
		1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak: A violent tornado outbreak in Oklahoma killed fifty people and produced a tornado which caused $1 billion in damage.
		EgyptAir Flight 990: The first officer deliberately crashed a plane south of Nantucket, Massachusetts, killing 217.
		Along with the rest of the world, the United States prepared for the possible effects of the Y2K bug in computers, which was feared destined to cause computers to become inoperable and wreak havoc.
2000	October 12	USS Cole bombing: The USS Cole was bombed in Yemeni waters, killing seventeen United States Navy sailors.

21st century

The World Trade Center during the September 11 terrorist attacks

Secretary of State Colin Powell holding a vial of anthrax at the UN Security Council just before the Iraq War

Mourners of the Virginia Tech massacre

Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States

SWAT responding to the Fort Hood shooting

Oil burning after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

First responders at the 2011 Tucson shooting

Barack Obama and his advisers await word on the death of Osama bin Laden

The aftermath of the Boston Marathon bombings

Police officers use tear gas in unrest following the Shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri.

Year	Date	Event	Reference
2001	January 20	First inauguration of George W. Bush: George W. Bush was inaugurated the forty-third President of the United States.	[659]
	June 7	The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 was signed into law by President George W. Bush.	[660]
	September 11	September 11 terrorist attacks: Nineteen terrorists hijacked four planes and crashed them into the World Trade Center in New York City, the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and an open field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, killing 2,996 people and injuring over 6,000.	[661]
	September 18	2001 Anthrax attacks: Anthrax attacks killed five and infected seventeen more through the mail system.	[662]
	October 7	War in Afghanistan (2001–present): The United States launched an invasion of Afghanistan.	[663]
	October 26	The USA PATRIOT Act, increasing law enforcement agencies' ability to conduct searches in cases of suspected terrorism, was signed into law.	[664]
	November 12	American Airlines Flight 587: A flight crashed in Queens, New York, killing 265.	[665]
2002	June 13	The United States officially withdraws from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.	[666]
	January 8	The No Child Left Behind Act education reform bill was signed into law.	[667]
	October 2–22	Beltway sniper attacks: Ten people were killed and three were injured in attacks around the Washington, D.C. area.	[668]
	November 25	The United States Department of Homeland Security was created.	[669]
2003	February 1	Space Shuttle Columbia disaster: The Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated on reentry into the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboard.	[670]
	February 17	2003 E2 nightclub stampede: A nightclub stampede in Chicago, Illinois killed twenty-one.	[671]
	February 20	The Station nightclub fire: A fire caused by pyrotechnics at a nightclub in West Warwick, Rhode Island killed 100 people and injured over 230.	[672]
	March 19	Invasion of Iraq: The United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq.	[673]
	December 13	Capture of Saddam Hussein: In Iraq, deposed Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was captured by United States special forces.	[674]
2004	February 4	The social networking website Facebook was launched.	[675]
		2004 Atlantic hurricane season: Four deadly and damaging hurricanes impacted Florida, killing a combined one hundred people in the United States and producing over $50 billion in damage.	[676]
	November 2	U.S. presidential election, 2004; President George W. Bush was reelected.	[677]
2005	January 20	Second inauguration of George W. Bush: George W. Bush was inaugurated to his second term.	[678]
	August 23–30	Hurricane Katrina: A hurricane devastated the Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama coastlines killing at least 1,836 people and causing $81 billion in damage.	[679]
2006	November 7	The Democratic Party regained control of both houses of Congress and gained control of a majority of state governorships.	[680][681][682]
2007	January 3	Democrat Nancy Pelosi became the first woman to become Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.	[683]
	January 10	Iraq War troop surge of 2007: George W. Bush ordered the substantial increase of the number of United States troops in Iraq.	[684]
	April 16	Virginia Tech massacre: A South Korean student shot and killed thirty-two other students and professors before killing himself.	[685]
	August 1	The I-35W Mississippi River bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota collapsed, killing thirteen people.	[686]
	December	Late-2000s recession: A recession began.	[687][688][689]
2008	February 5–6	2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak: An outbreak of tornadoes killed over sixty people and produced $1 billion in damage across Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama.	[690]
	September 1–14	Hurricane Ike: A hurricane killed 100 people along the Texas coast, producing $31 billion in damage and contributing to rising oil prices.	[691]
	July 11	Oil prices in the United States hit a record $147 per barrel.	[692]
		Global financial crisis in September 2008: The stock market crashed.	[693][694][695]
	September 14	Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers: Investment bank Lehman Brothers files for bankruptcy, the largest in U.S. history.	[693]
	November 4	U.S. presidential election, 2008: Barack Obama was elected the forty-fourth President of the United States.	[696]
2009	January 20	Inauguration of Barack Obama: Obama was inaugurated the forty-fourth President of the United States.	[697]
	February 17	President Barack Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a $787 billion economic stimulus package.	[698]
		Tea Party protests: The first of a series of protests, focusing on smaller government, fiscal responsibility, individual freedoms and conservative views of the Constitution, were conducted across the country.	[699]
	June 25	Death of Michael Jackson: Pop icon Michael Jackson died.	[700]
	August 8	Sonia Sotomayor was sworn in as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; becoming the first Latino Justice.	[701]
	November 5	Fort Hood shooting: Nidal Malik Hasan killed twelve servicemen and injured thirty-one.	[702]
2010	February 23	The United States Navy lifted its ban on women in submarines.	[703]
	March 23	The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was signed into law by President Barack Obama.	[704]
	April 20	Deepwater Horizon oil spill: The BP oil rig Deepwater Horizon exploded in the Gulf of Mexico, killing 11 workers and spilling 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf over an 87-day period; being the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry.	[705]
	July 21	The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was signed into law; establishing the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.	[706]
	November 2	United States Senate elections, 2010: The Republican Party gained five seats, to forty-seven, reducing the Democratic presence in the Senate to fifty-one. Two seats remained in the hands of independents.	[707]
		United States House of Representatives elections, 2010: The Republican Party gained sixty-two seats, giving them an absolute majority of 242 in the House and reducing the Democratic presence to 193.	[708]
	November 28	United States diplomatic cables leak: WikiLeaks began to release classified diplomatic documents to the international press.	[709]
	December 22	The Senate ratified the New START treaty.	[710]
	December 22	The Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 was signed into law, ending the Don't ask, don't tell policy regarding homosexuals in the United States Armed Forces.	[711]
2011	January 8	2011 Tucson shooting: A gunman targeting Democratic Representative Gabrielle Giffords critically injured Giffords and killed six others, including federal judge John Roll, in Tucson, Arizona.	[712]
	March 19	Operation Odyssey Dawn: The United States began air and cruise missile attacks against Libya.	[713]
	April 25–28	April 25–28, 2011 tornado outbreak: The largest tornado outbreak ever in United States history occurs in the American Midwest and Southern United States killing 348 People and causing 11 Billion Dollars in Damage.
	May 2	Death of Osama bin Laden: Al-Qaeda head Osama bin Laden was killed by United States forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan.	[714]
	May 22	Joplin Tornado: An EF-5 tornado tore through Joplin, Missouri, killing 161, and causing $2.8 Billion in damage, including the destruction of a large portion of the main retail strip, a hospital, the high school, a middle school, and several elementary schools.
	August 2	United States debt-ceiling crisis: The Budget Control Act of 2011 was signed into law, increasing the legal limit on federal government debt in order to prevent default and establishing the United States Congress Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction.	[715]
	August 5	United States federal government credit-rating downgrade, 2011: The credit-rating arm of Standard & Poor's reduced the rating of United States federal government debt from AAA to AA+.	[716]
	August 8	August 2011 stock markets fall: Major United States stock market indices dropped in value by some two and a half trillion dollars.	[717]
	September 17	The populist Occupy Wall Street protest movement made camp in Zuccotti Park in New York City.	[718]
	December 18	Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq: The last United States troops withdrew from Iraq under the terms of the U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement.	[719]
2012	October 25–30	Hurricane Sandy: A devastating hurricane wreaks havoc for the Eastern United States coast. There were many states severely impacted by the hurricane, especially New York and New Jersey, which took a direct hit from the storm.
	November 6	United States presidential election, 2012: Barack Obama is reelected as president.	[720]
	December 14	Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting: Occurs in Newtown, Connecticut killing 20 Children and 6 Staff Members in Sandy Hook Elementary School, perpetrated by a 20 Year Old, Adam Lanza.
2013	January 20	Barack Obama is inaugurated for his second term as president.	[721]
	April 15	Boston Marathon bombings: Two pressure cooker bombs explode during the Boston Marathon.	[722]
	June	Global surveillance disclosures: The revelations of the NSA's PRISM, Boundless Informant and XKeyscore domestic surveillance programs were first published by The Guardian and Washington Post newspapers.	[723][724][725]
2014	April 16	Flight MH370 of Malaysian airlines went missing and was never found over the months and months of searching even with the modern technology and thousands of not just Americans but people around the world.[726]
	June	President Obama orders the return of a small number of troops to Iraq to help bolster Iraqi and Kurdish military forces in their war with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.	[727]
	August 9	Michael Brown was shot and killed, in what was ruled by a grand jury to be self-defense, by police officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri, igniting protests and riots in the following months.	[728]
	November 3	New building, 1 World Trade Center, opens in New York City.	[729]
	November 4	In national elections, Republicans take control of the U.S. Senate and maintaining a majority in the House of Representatives.	[730]
	December 17	President Obama announces a restoration of full diplomatic relations with Cuba for the first time since 1961.	[731]
2015	April 27	2015 Baltimore protests: Protests and rioting occur in Baltimore, Maryland after the death of Freddie Gray in police custody.
	June 17	Charleston church shooting: A gunman killed 9, including a state senator in a church in Charleston, South Carolina. The event causes major uproar across the country.
	June 26	Obergefell v. Hodges: Gay marriage is fully legalized in all 50 states by the Supreme Court.
	July 20	Restoration of relations with Cuba.
	December 2	2015 San Bernardino attack: A married radical Muslim couple kills 14 people at a center for the developmentally disabled.
2016	January 2	Occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge: an armed standoff in Oregon between armed anti-government militants and county, state, and federal law enforcement agencies takes place.

References

1. Fuentes, Ventura (2013). "Juan Ponce de Léon". In Herbermann, Charles G. Catholic Encyclopedia 12. The Encyclopedia Press. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
2. Meehan, Thomas F. (1913). "Giovanni da Verrazano". In Herbermann, Charles G. The Catholic Encyclopedia 15. The Encyclopedia Press. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
3. Fuentes, Ventura (1913). "Hernando de Soto". In Herbermann, Charles G. The Catholic Encyclopedia 4. The Encyclopedia Press. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
4. Veale, James (1913). "Florida". In Herbermann, Charles G. The Catholic Encyclopedia 6. The Encyclopedia Press. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
5. "Iroquois Confederacy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
6. Tuck, James A. (1971). "The Iroquois Confederacy". Scientific American 224 (1): 32–42. Bibcode:1971SciAm.224b..32T. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0271-32. PMID 5538696.
7. Cabell, Isa Carrington (1900). "Ralegh, Walter". In Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John. Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography 5. D. Appleton and Company. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
8. "Jamestown Colony". History Channel. 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
9. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 41.
10. "Mayflower Compact : 1620". Avalon Project. Yale University. 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
11. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 97.
12. "The Charter of Massachusetts Bay : 1629". Avalon Project. Yale University. 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
13. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 59.
14. "The Charter of Maryland : 1632". Avalon Project. Yale University. 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
15. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 81.
16. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 69.
17. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 64.
18. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 86.
19. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 83.
20. "Meet the Royals: Sweden's King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia". Delaware Today. April 2013.
21. "Fundamental Orders of 1639". Avalon Project. Yale University. 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
22. "Fundamental Agreement, or Original Constitution of the Colony of New Haven, June 4, 1639". Avalon Project. Yale University. 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
23. "Iroquois Wars". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica-Dominion. 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
24. Giersbach, Walter (August 26, 2006). "Governor Kieft's Personal War". MilitaryHistoryOnline.com. MilitaryHistoryOnline.com, LLC. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
25. "New England Confederation". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
26. Grymes, Charles A. "The Anglo-Powhatan Wars". Virginia Places. George Mason University. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
27. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 115.
28. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 102.
29. Karnoustos, Carmela (2007). "Peach Tree War". Jersey City: Past and Present. New Jersey City University. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
30. Schoonmaker, Marius (1888). A History of Kingston (The First Esopus War; 1659—July 1660 ed.). Retrieved September 1, 2013.
31. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 170.
32. "Half-Way Covenant (religion)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
33. "Charter of Carolina – March 24, 1663". Avalon Project. Yale University. 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
34. O'Callaghan, M.D., E.B. (1851). The Documentary History of the State of New York IV (The Second Esopus War, 1663 ed.). Albany: van Benthuysen, Charles. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
35. "Treaty of Breda (European history)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
36. Grymes, Charles A. "John Lederer". Virginia Places. George Mason University. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
37. Summers, Lewis Preston (1929). Annals of Southwest Virginia, 1769–1800 (The Expedition of Batts and Fallam: A Journey from Virginia to beyond the Appalachian Mountains, September 1671. ed.). Abingdon, Va. pp. 1–7. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
38. "Louis Jolliet". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group, Inc. 2004. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
39. Cannon, John (2002). "Westminster, treaty of". The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
40. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 125.
41. Bowne, Eric E. (2002). "Westo Indians". In Inscoe, John C. New Georgia Encyclopedia. Georgia Humanities Council. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
42. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 89.
43. Hakim (vol. 2) 2003, p. 107.
44. "La Salle, Robert Cavelier, sieur de". The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
45. "Charles II". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group, Inc. 2004. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
46. Hall, Timothy. "Sir Edmund Andros". University of Central Michigan. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
47. Flick, A.C.; Balik, Shelby (2003). "King William's War". Dictionary of American History. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group, Inc.
48. "Schenectady". Colonial Albany Social History Project. New York State Museum. March 4, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
49. Hakim (vol. 2), p. 170.
50. Cannon, John (2003). "Ryswick, treaty of". The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
51. "Biloxi: History". Cities of the United States. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2006. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
52. "United States and Canada, 1800–1900 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved January 2016.
53. "Ceremony at "Wedding of the Rails," May 10, 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah". World Digital Library. May 10, 1869. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
54. White House Historical Association. "President William McKinley Died from Wounds After Being Shot in Buffalo, New York". whitehousehistory.org.
55. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service. "Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural September 14, 1901". nps.gov.
56. United States Congress (2011). Congressional edition, Volume 6582. books.google.com. ISBN 978-1-272-08790-6.
57. University of Michigan (April 10, 2006). "Michigan's Bowl Game History 1902 Rose Bowl". umich.edu. Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
58. "Elkins Act". theodorerooseveltcenter.org. July 16, 2013.
59. United States Army Combined Arms Center (September 17, 2008). "Drago Doctrine". army.mil.
60. United States Library of Congress. "Documentary Chronology of Selected Events in the Development of the American Conservation Movement, 1847–1920". loc.gov.
61. Spencer C. Tucker; ABC-CLIO (2009). The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History (3 Volumes). books.google.com. p. 279. ISBN 978-1-85109-951-1.
62. National Public Radio (January 23, 2006). "A Timeline of Ford Motor Company". npr.org.
63. Grant Carlson (February 14, 2012). "Cumbrous, Misleading and Slightly Ridiculous: The Creation of the Department of Commerce and Labor". theodorerooseveltcenter.org.
64. Compiled by Shari Scribner; Pittsburg State University. "Quick Facts about the 1903 World Series" (PDF). library.pittstate.edu.
65. Yale University Law School (2008). "Convention for the Construction of a Ship Canal (Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty), November 18, 1903". yale.edu.
66. Scarecrow Press (1994). Early American Cinema. books.google.com. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8108-2711-0.
67. Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum. "The Wright Flyer: From Invention to Icon December 17, 1903". si.edu.
68. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1899–1913 Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904". state.gov.
69. United States Library of Congress (May 1, 2013). "Topics in Chronicling America – The Panama Canal". loc.gov.
70. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1904". ucsb.edu.
71. University at Buffalo. "The Niagara Movement". buffalo.edu.
72. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1899–1913 The Treaty of Portsmouth and the Russo-Japanese War, 1904–1905". state.gov.
73. University of Rochester (2007). "Susan B. Anthony: Celebrating "An Heroic Life"". rochester.edu.
74. United States Geological Survey (July 18, 2012). "Casualties and damage after the 1906 Earthquake". usgs.gov.
75. University at Buffalo (2008). "Insurance Industry Struggles with Claims". buffalo.edu.
76. United States Geological Survey (July 23, 2012). "The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake". usgs.gov.
77. National Archives and Records Administration. ""Hepburn Rate Bill" by Clifford K. Berryman, May 15, 1906". archives.gov.
78. Michael North; National Institute of Health (April 2004). "Pure Food and Drug Act (1906). United States Statutes at Large (59th Cong., Sess. I, Chp. 3915, p. 768-772; cited as 34 U.S. Stats. 768)". nih.gov.
79. Texas A & M University. "Meat Inspection". tamu.edu.
80. "The Nobel Peace Prize 1906 Theodore Roosevelt". nobelprize.org. July 17, 2013.
81. Thomas J. Baldino, Kyle L. Kreider; ABC-CLIO (2011). U.S. Election Campaigns: A Documentary and Reference Guide. books.google.com. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-313-35304-8.
82. History Channel. "Gentlemen's Agreement". history.com.
83. National Archives and Records Administration. "Oklahoma Statehood, November 16, 1907". archives.gov.
84. United States Department of Labor Mine Safety and Health Administration. "Historical Data on Mine Disasters in the United States". msha.gov.
85. United States Department of the Treasury (March 30, 2012). "About 1900-Present". treasury.gov.
86. Steve Aftergood; Federation of American Scientists (June 18, 2003). "Federal Bureau of Investigation History". fas.org.
87. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1908". presidency.ucsb.edu.
88. Choi Jeong-soo; Korea University (February 2005). "The Russo-Japanese War and the Root-Takahira Agreement" (PDF). korea.ac.kr.
89. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1899–1913 Dollar Diplomacy, 1909–1913". state.gov.
90. United States Library of Congress. "W.E.B. Du Bois and the NAACP". americaslibrary.gov.
91. Public Broadcasting Service American Experience (1999). "Robert Peary: To the Top of the World". pbs.org.
92. United States Department of the Treasury (January 4, 2011). "History of the Lincoln Cent". treasury.gov.
93. History Channel. "Boy Scouts movement begins". history.com.
94. National Archives and Records Administration. "Records of the United States Commerce Court". archives.gov.
95. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs (2013). "Presidential Key Events William Taft". millercenter.org.
96. Robert C. Kennedy (2001). "En Tour". nytimes.com.
97. Cornell University Law School. "Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States () 100 U.S. 1 173 Fed. Rep. 177, modified and affirmed". cornell.edu.
98. Charles Leerhsen; Smithsonian Magazine (June 2011). "One Hundred Years of the Indy 500 A century ago, the first Indianapolis 500 race started in high excitement and ended in a muddle". smithsonianmag.com.
99. National Archives and Records Administration. "New Mexico and Arizona Statehood Anniversary (1912–2012)". archives.gov.
100. Anne Knafl; University of Chicago (April 2, 2012). "Girl Scouts of America Centennial, 1912–2012". uchicago.edu. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
101. British Broadcasting Corporation (2013). "Titanic". bbc.co.uk.
102. Library of Virginia. "RMS Titanic: 100 Years Later". lva.virginia.gov.
103. University of York (April 4, 2012). "What sank the Titanic?" (PDF). york.ac.uk.
104. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service. "Who Shot T.R.?". nps.gov.
105. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1912". ucsb.edu.
106. Ellen Terrell; United States Library of Congress (February 2004). "History of the US Income Tax". loc.gov.
107. Lisa Iacobellis; Ohio State University (February 17, 2013). "Armory Show opening: February 17, 1913". osu.edu.
108. Zachary D. Clopton, Steven E. Art; Northwestern University School of Law (2013). "The Meaning of the Seventeenth Amendment and a Century of State Defiance: Appendices" (PDF). northwestern.edu.
109. MSC Institute of Technology. "Martyrs of the Battle of Bud Bagsak". msc.edu.ph.
110. "Wilson Signs New Tariff Law; Calls it Only First Step Toward Freeing the Nation of Monopoly". nytimes.com. October 4, 1913.
111. History Channel. "Ford's assembly line starts rolling". history.com.
112. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs. "Federal Reserve Act Signed–December 23, 1913". millercenter.org.
113. British Broadcasting Corporation (November 9, 2010). "The 1914 Ludlow Colorado Massacre". bbc.co.uk.
114. Public Broadcasting Service (2004). "The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century WWI Timeline: 1914". pbs.org.
115. United States Library of Congress. "The First Mother's Day May 9, 1914". americaslibrary.gov.
116. St. Olaf College (2004). "The Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)". stolaf.edu.
117. Samuel Gompers, John McBride, William Green; American Federation of Labor; Cornell University Press (August 16, 2011). American Federationist, Volume 21, Part 2. books.google.com. p. 971. Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
118. National Endowment for the Humanities. "Birth of a Nation, the NAACP, and the Balancing of Rights". neh.gov.
119. History Channel. "May 7, 1915: Lusitania sinks". history.com.
120. United States Congress. "RANKIN, Jeannette, (1880–1973)". bioguide.congress.gov.
121. United States Department of Agriculture Rural Development (1989). "A Brief History of Farmers Home Administration" (PDF). usda.gov.
122. Julie L. Mellby; Princeton University (November 11, 2011). "Woodrow Wilson and the Philippines". princeton.edu.
123. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1916". ucsb.edu.
124. United States Department of State. "Purchase of the United States Virgin Islands, 1917". state.gov.
125. National Archives and Records Administration. "Teaching With Documents: The Zimmermann Telegram". archives.gov.
126. United States Library of Congress (November 30, 2010). "U.S. Enters World War I". loc.gov.
127. Shirley J. Burton; Northern Illinois University. "The Espionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 1918" (PDF). niu.edu.
128. Brigham Young University. "The Imperial Japanese Mission to the United States, 1917". byu.edu.
129. Paul Burnett; University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law. "The Red Scare". umkc.edu.
130. Public Broadcasting Service (March 11, 2004). "People & Events: Prelude to the Red Scare: The Espionage and Sedition Acts". pbs.org.
131. City University of New York. "About Red Scare History and Scope". cuny.edu.
132. Yale University Law School (2008). "President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points". yale.edu.
133. University of Houston (2013). "The Sedition Act of 1918". uh.edu.
134. • Bisbee Riot (July 3, 1919); Assumption College. "Final Projects: Contextualizing Narratives". assumption.edu.
     • Longview Race Riot (July 10–12, 1919); Walter C. Rucker Jr., James N. Upton; Greenwood Publishing Group (2006). Encyclopedia of American Race Riots. books.google.com. p. 550. ISBN 978-0-313-33300-2.
     • Washington D.C. Race Riot (July 19–23, 1919) Garrett Peck; The History Press (2011). Prohibition in Washington, D.C.: How Dry We Weren't. books.google.com. pp. 64–67. ISBN 978-1-60949-236-6.
     • Chicago Race Riot of 1919 (July 27 – August 3, 1919); History Channel. "The Chicago Race Riot of 1919". history.com.
     • Knoxville Riot of 1919 (August 30–31, 1919); Becky Givan; Northwestern University. "Knoxville, TN, Race Riot of 1919 The red summer and racism in Knoxville, Tennessee". northwestern.edu.
     • Omaha Race Riot of 1919 (September 28–29, 1919); David J. Wishart; University of Nebraska-Lincoln (2011). "Omaha Race Riot". unl.edu.
     • Elaine Race Riot (September 30 – October 2, 1919); Becky Givan; Northwestern University. "Elaine, Arkansas Race Riot of 1919 Racism and the share-cropping system". northeastern.edu.
135. "June 28, 1919: Germany Signs Treaty of Versailles". nytimes.com. June 28, 2011.
136. Doug Linder; University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law (2010). "The Black Sox Trial: An Account". umkc.edu.
137. United States Library of Congress (October 21, 2010). "Temperance and Prohibition". loc.gov.
138. United States Senate. "November 19, 1919 A Bitter Rejection". senate.gov.
139. University of Albany. "The 18th Amendment". albany.edu.
140. University of Minnesota (May 18, 2012). "Media History Project 1920–1929". umn.edu.
141. National Archives and Records Administration. "The 19th Amendment". archives.gov.
142. Kevin Baker (February 19, 2009). "Blood on the Street". nytimes.com.
143. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1920". ucsb.edu.
144. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs. "Presidential Key Events Warren G. Harding". millercenter.org.
145. A. G. Sulzberger (June 19, 2011). "As Survivors Dwindle, Tulsa Confronts Past". nytimes.com.
146. Edward Joseph Chusid; Eastern Michigan University (January 1, 2008). "The Concurrent Conferences: The Washington Naval Conference and the Far Eastern Affairs Conference of 1922". emich.edu.
147. Ashish K. Vaidya; ABC-CLIO (2005). Globalization: Encyclopedia of Trade, Labor, and Politics, Volume 1. books.google.com. p. 882. ISBN 978-1-57607-826-6.
148. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs. "Death of the President". millercenter.org.
149. History Channel. "Calvin Coolidge takes oath of office after Harding's death". history.com.
150. United States Senate. "The Teapot Dome Scandal". richmond.edu.
151. Thomas H. Neale; Federation of American Scientists (May 9, 2013). "The Proposed Equal Rights Amendment: Contemporary Ratification Issues" (PDF). fas.org.
152. Federal Bureau of Investigation. "John Edgar Hoover Director May 10, 1924 – May 2, 1972". fbi.gov.
153. George Mason University (December 7, 2010). "1924 Immigration Act". gmu.edu.
154. Gerhard Peters. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1924". ucsb.edu.
155. Warren A. Nord, Charles C. Haynes; George Washington University. "The Relationship of Religion to Moral Education in the Public Schools". gwu.edu.
156. National Governors Association (2011). "Wyoming Governor Nellie Tayloe Ross". nga.org.
157. History Channel. "The Grand Ole Opry begins broadcasting". history.com.
158. United States Library of Congress (March 2010). "NBC: A Finding Aid to the National Broadcasting Company History Files at the Library of Congress, Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division" (PDF). loc.gov. Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
159. Jim Willis; ABC-CLIO (2009). 100 Media Moments That Changed America. books.google.com. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-313-35517-2.
160. Financial and Banking Information Infrastructure Committee; National Counterterrorism Center (October 8, 2007). "A Fact Sheet form the Worldwide Incidents Team" (PDF). fbiic.gov.
161. Randy Dotinga (June 24, 2012). "America's deadliest school violence? Not Columbine, but Bath, Mich., in 1927 The Bath School disaster of 1927 remains the deadliest killing spree at a school in America". csmonitor.com.
162. "May 21, 1927: Charles Lindbergh Flies Solo Across the Atlantic". nytimes.com. July 19, 2013.
163. New York Times (2010). "Sacco and Vanzetti Put to Death Early This Morning". nytimes.com.
164. Richard Corliss; Time Magazine (September 26, 2007). "The Jazz Singer: Three-Disc Deluxe Edition, 1927". time.com.
165. Yale University School of Law (2008). "Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928". yale.edu.
166. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American PResidency Project Election of 1928". ucsb.edu.
167. Claire Suddath; Time Magazine (November 18, 2008). "A Brief History of Mickey Mouse". time.com.
168. John O'Brien (2013). "The St. Valentine's Day Massacre With one ruthless stroke, Al Capone assumes undisputed leadership of Chicago crime". chicagotribune.com.
169. "October 29, 1929: 'Black Tuesday'". cnn.com. March 10, 2003.
170. Carmen Sanjuan Melendez; University of Oregon (March 1, 2012). "MOMA (Museum of Modern Arts) – Case Study" (PDF). uoregon.edu.
171. International Business Publications; Google Books (2009). SAMOA American Country Study Guide: Strategic Information and Developments. google.books.com. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-4387-4187-1.
172. James M. Lindsay; Council on Foreign Relations (July 17, 1930). "TWE Remembers: Herbert Hoover Signs the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Into Law". cfr.org.
173. United States Library of Congress. "The Empire State Building Opens May 1, 1931". americaslibrary.gov.
174. Knox College. "The Stimson Doctrine". knox.edu.
175. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "Herbert Hoover Statement About Signing the Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act". ucsb.edu.
176. Howard Zinn; Cornell University Press (August 8, 2010). La Guardia in Congress. google.books.com. p. 230. ISBN 978-0-8014-7617-4. Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
177. Paul Dickson, Thomas B. Allen; Smithsonian Magazine (February 2003). "Marching on History". smithsonianmag.com.
178. Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum. "Lockheed Vega 5B, Amelia Earhart". si.edu.
179. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1932". ucsb.edu.
180. University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law. "The Constitution and the Inauguration of the President". umkc.edu.
181. University of Minnesota Law School. "Anton Cermak". law.umn.edu.
182. Naomi Pasachoff; Oxford University Press (1999). Frances Perkins: Champion of the New Deal. books.google.com. p. 10. ISBN 0-19-512222-4.
183. • Civilian Conservation Corps established March 31, 1933; Oregon State University. "Two Years of Emergency Conservation Work (Civilian Conservation Corps)" (PDF). oregonstate.edu.
     • Farm Credit Administration established March 27, 1933; Office of the Federal Register. "Farm Credit Administration". federalregister.gov.
     • Agriculture Adjustment Act signed into law May 12, 1933; United States Department of the Interior National Park Service. "May 12, 13, and 18, 1933" (PDF). nps.gov.
     • Tennessee Valley Authority established May 18, 1933; Marist College. "Our Documents: The Tennessee Valley Authority". marist.edu.
     • Home Owners Loan Corporation established June 13, 1933; United States Department of the Interior National Park Service. "June 13 and June 16, 1933" (PDF). nps.gov.
     • National Industrial Recovery Act signed into law, establishing the Public Works Administration, June 16, 1933; University of Virginia. "Industrial Recovery Reviving the heart of America". virginia.edu.
     • Civil Works Administration established November 8, 1933; Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "Remarks on Signing Executive Order Creating Civil Works Administration". ucsb.edu.
184. University of Albany. "The 21st Amendment". albany.edu.
185. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. "About the Dust Bowl". illinois.edu.
186. Kathleen R. Arnold; ABC-CLIO (2011). Anti-Immigration in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1. books.google.com. p. 473. ISBN 978-0-313-37521-7.
187. Adolph C. Johnson, Andrew Jackson; Duke University School of Law. "The Securities and Exchange Commission: Its Organization and Functions Under the Securities Act of 1933". duke.edu.
188. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1921–1936 New Deal Trade Policy: The Export-Import Bank & the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, 1934". state.gov.
189. Trevin Stratton. "Banker's Courtesy: Glass-Steagall and the Persistence of Relationship Banking in Security Underwriting in the United States, 1933–1939". academia.edu.
190. University of Alaska Fairbanks. "The Indian Reorganization Act, June 18, 1934" (PDF). uaf.edu.
191. Federal Bureau of Investigation. "FBI — John Dillinger". fbi.gov.
192. United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (August 17, 2004). "New Jersey Event Marks First FHA House". hud.gov.
193. Federal Bureau of Investigation (March 24, 2006). "A Byte Out of History How the FBI Got its Name". fbi.gov.
194. United States Library of Congress (March 9, 2009). "Today in History: April 8 Works Progress Administration". loc.gov.
195. National Archives and Records Administration. "Social Security Act (1935)". ourdocuments.gov.
196. Cornell University Law School. "A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (No. 854) 76 F. 2d 617, reversed in part; affirmed in part". cornell.edu.
197. History Channel. "National Labor Relations Board". history.com.
198. John M. Meck, Robert W. Bogu; Yale University Law School. "Federal Regulation of Motor Carrier Unification". yale.edu.
199. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs. "Presidential Key Events Franklin Roosevelt". millercenter.org.
200. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1921–1936 The Neutrality Acts, 1930s". state.gov.
201. University of Georgia School of Law (December 3, 2009). "Who Killed the Kingfish?". uga.edu.
202. Arnesen, Eric, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of United States Labor and Working-class History. CRC Press. p. 546. ISBN 978-0-415-96826-3.
203. Cornell University Law School. "United States v. Butler (No. 401) 78 F.2d 1 affirmed". cornell.edu.
204. Indiana University (October 2002). "Chronology 1936". indiana.edu.
205. Jeffrey Averett Brodkin; Villanova University School of Law. "FTC 5 and Robinson-Patman: Unfair Method of Legislation or Fair Method of Administration". villanova.edu.
206. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1936". ucsb.edu.
207. Michigan State University. "Remembering the Flint Sit-Down Strike 1936–1937". msu.edu.
208. Public Broadcasting Service American Experience. "Primary Resources: The Neutrality Act of 1937". pbs.org.
209. Malcolm W. Browne (May 7, 1997). "Remembering Fiery Fall of the Airship Hindenburg". nytimes.com.
210. United States Library of Congress (December 9, 2010). "Today in History: May 27 Opening of the Golden Gate Bridge". loc.gov.
211. History Channel. "USS Panay sunk by Japanese". history.com.
212. Jonathan Grossman; United States Department of Labor. "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938: Maximum Struggle for a Minimum Wage". dol.gov.
213. Gilbert Cruz; Time Magazine (October 30, 2008). "Orson Welles' War of the Worlds". time.com.
214. History Channel. "Disney releases Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs". history.com.
215. Scott J. Bloch; University of Pennsylvania Law School. "The Judgment of History: Faction, Political Machines, and the Hatch Act" (PDF). upenn.edu.
216. Michael Sontheimer; Der Spiegel (2011). "Germany's WWII Occupation of Poland: 'When We Finish, Nobody is Left Alive'". spiegel.de.
217. Andrew Glass (September 21, 2009). "FDR Asks Congress to Revise Neutrality Law, Sept. 21, 1939". politico.com.
218. Indiana University (October 2002). "Chronology 1940". indiana.edu.
219. Chicago Tribune (July 27, 2010). "Bugs Bunny's debut: 'A Wild Hare' (July 27, 1940)". chicagotribune.com.
220. British Broadcasting Company (September 27, 2004). "Tom and Jerry top cartoon survey". bbc.co.uk.
221. John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. "July 20, 1940: Top of the Pops Billboard publishes its first pop-music chart". kennedy-center.org.
222. National World War II Museum. "The Draft and WWII". nationalww2museum.org.
223. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1940". ucsb.edu.
224. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service. "Room 207, Gilman Hall, University of California". nps.gov.
225. Darleane C. Hoffman; National Academies Press. "Glenn Theodore Seaborg April 19, 1912 — February 25, 1999". nap.edu.
226. United States Department of Energy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. "Glenn Seaborg's Greatest Hits". lbl.gov.
227. Office of the Historian of the United States House of Representatives. "Historical Highlights the Lend-Lease Act of 1941". house.gov.
228. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. "Executive Order 8802 Reaffirming Policy of Full Participation in the Defense Program by All Persons, Regardless of Race, Creed, Color, Or National Origin, and Directing Certain Action in Furtherance of Said Policy". eeoc.gov.
229. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1937–1945 The Atlantic Conference & Charter, 1941". state.gov.
230. United States Army Reserve. "Remembering Pearl Harbor" (PDF). army.mil.
231. Frank L. Kluckhohn (2010). "U.S. Declares War, Pacific Battle Widens". nytimes.com.
232. British Broadcasting Company (December 11, 1941). "1941: Germany and Italy declare war on US". bbc.co.uk.
233. Stanford University Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute. "Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)". stanford.edu.
234. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "Statement on Signing the Emergency Price Control Act.". ucsb.edu.
235. United States Government Printing Office (2012). United States of America Congressional Record. books.google.com.
236. George Mason University. "Executive Order 9066: The President Authorizes Japanese Relocation". gmu.edu.
237. United States Army. "The Bataan Death March". army.mil.
238. University of California, Santa Barbara. "Executive Order 8734 Establishing the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply.". ucsb.edu.
239. United States Navy. "Doolittle Raid on Japan, 18 April 1942". navy.mil.
240. United States Army (October 3, 2003). "Aleutian Islands 3 June 1942 to 24 August 1943". army.mil.
241. United States Navy. "Battle of Midway: 4-7 June 1942". navy.mil.
242. Public Broadcasting Service (2005). "Case File: Dogfight Over Guadalcanal". pbs.org.
243. University of California, Los Angeles (October 10, 2007). "The Manhattan Engineer District". ucla.edu.
244. Charles S. Collier; Duke University School of Law. "Constitutionality of Statutory Renegotiation". duke.edu.
245. Travis Andersen (October 31, 2012). "Witness transcripts from Cocoanut Grove fire released". bostonglobe.com.
246. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1937–1945 The Casablanca Conference, 1943". state.gov.
247. Roger Pines; National Endowment for the Arts. "Oklahoma!". nea.gov.
248. University of Chicago Library (2006). "Guide to the Michigan Governor's Committee to Investigate the Detroit Race Riot Records 1943". uchicago.edu.
249. Life Magazine (June 25, 2013). "Hatred on the Home Front: The Detroit Race Riots, June 1943". life.time.com.
250. Laura Perna; Academia.edu. "Constructing History: Italy's Post-War Resistance Movement in Contemporary Comics". academia.edu.
251. History Channel. "Sep 8, 1943: Italian surrender is announced". history.com.
252. "Oct. 13, 1943: Italy Switches Sides in World War II". nytimes.com. October 13, 2011.
253. United States Army. "Cairo-Tehran a Goal is Reached: November – December 1943". army.mil.
254. "Nov. 28, 1943: Allied Leaders Meet at Tehran Conference". nytimes.com. November 28, 2011.
255. United States Navy. "Normandy Invasion, June 1944 Overview and Special Image Selection". navy.mil.
256. History Channel. "D-Day". history.com.
257. United States Navy. "D-Day, Normandy: Operation Overlord". navy.mil.
258. United States Department of Veterans Affairs (February 9, 2012). "The GI BILL's History Born of Controversy: The GI Bill of Rights". va.gov.
259. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1937–1945 The Bretton Woods Conference, 1944". state.gov.
260. Marjorie Hunter (August 21, 1984). "Dumbarton Oaks, Then and Now". nytimes.com.
261. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1944". presidency.ucsb.edu.
262. Life Magazine (November 23, 2013). "LIFE at the Battle of the Bulge: Photos From Hitler's Last Gamble". life.time.com.
263. Baylor University. "Living Stories Spot #24: Battle of the Bulge". baylor.edu.
264. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1937–1945 The Yalta Conference, 1945". state.gov.
265. National World War II Museum. "The Battle for Iwo Jima". nationalww2museum.org.
266. Ted Tsukiyama; University of Hawaii (2006). "Battle of Okinawa". hawaii.edu.
267. University of Georgia. "FDR Final Days in Georgia". usg.edu.
268. United States Senate. "Swearing-In Ceremony for President Harry S. Truman". senate.gov.
269. University of South Dakota. "Adolf Hitler Foreign Policy". usd.edu.
270. "May 7, 1945: Nazi Germany Surrenders in World War II". nytimes.com. May 7, 2012.
271. Yale University Law School (August 8, 2013). "Charter of the United Nations; June 26, 1945". yale.edu.
272. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1937–1945 The Potsdam Conference, 1945". state.gov.
273. Public Broadcasting Service (2007). "The Atomic Bomb (6 and 9 August 1945)". pbs.org.
274. British Broadcasting Company (August 15, 1945). "1945: Allied nations celebrate VJ Day". bbc.co.uk.
275. United States Navy. "Tokyo Bay: The Formal Surrender of the Empire of Japan, USS Missouri, 2 September 1945". navy.mil.
276. British Broadcasting Company (November 20, 1945). "1945: Nuremberg trial of Nazis begins". bbc.co.uk.
277. Jeremy Brecher; South End Press (1999). Strike!. books.google.com. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-89608-569-5.
278. University at Buffalo. "Cars 1940–1949". buffalo.edu.
279. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. "Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States Harry S. Truman Containing the Public Messages Speeches and Statements of the President" (PDF). stlouisfed.org.
280. Smithsonian Institution Asian Pacific American Center. "This Month in History: Philippine Independence Day". si.edu.
281. Susanna Schrobsdorff; Time Magazine (August 30, 2011). "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care". time.com.
282. United States Department of Energy. "August 1, 1946: Atomic Energy Act". energy.gov.
283. Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum. "Records of the President's Committee on Civil Rights Record Group 22". trumanlibrary.org.
284. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Milestones: 1945–1952 The Truman Doctrine, 1947". state.gov.
285. Howard Zinn; Harper & Row (1980). "Excerpt from Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States". upenn.edu. ISBN 978-0-06-083865-2.
286. United States Library of Congress (November 30, 2010). "Jackie Robinson Breaks the Color Line". loc.gov.
287. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs. "American President a Reference Resource Marshall Plan Announced–June 5, 1947". millercenter.org.
288. New York Times (June 23, 2011). "June 23, 1947: The Taft-Hartley Act". nytimes.com.
289. The Daily Telegraph (November 19, 2008). "History's greatest conspiracy theories". London: telegraph.co.uk.
290. United States Senate. "1941–1963 July 18, 1947 Presidential Succession Act". senate.gov.
291. Central Intelligence Agency (April 30, 2013). "A Look Back … The National Security Act of 1947". cia.gov.
292. World Bank. "Annex II-2 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Geneva 1947)" (PDF). worldbank.org.
293. United Nations. "Charter of the Organization of American States. Signed at Bogota, on 30 April 1948" (PDF). un.org.
294. Alan Bunce (January 21, 1988). "Milton Berle: three generations of laughs. A hard-pressed stage mother's push launched his durable career". csmonitor.com.
295. Public Broadcasting Service American Experience. "Berlin Blockade". pbs.org.
296. United States Library of Congress (July 16, 2010). "Selective Service Act of 1948". loc.gov.
297. Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum. "This Day in Truman History July 26, 1948 President Truman issues Executive Order No. 9981 Desegregating the Military". trumanlibrary.org.
298. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1948". ucsb.edu.
299. Public Broadcasting Service American Experience. "General Article: Presidential Politics". pbs.org.
300. Ben Cosgrove (October 21, 2012). "Behind the Picture: 'Dewey Defeats Truman'". Time Magazine.
301. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (May 2007). "Edwin Herbert Land (1909–1991) Instant Photography". mit.edu.
302. United States Library of Congress (October 13, 2010). "Today in History: January 5 Harry S. Truman". loc.gov.
303. Yale University Law School. "NATO Treaty; April 4, 1949". yale.edu.
304. University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law (2009). "The Nuremberg Trials: Chronology". umkc.edu.
305. United States Library of Congress (July 16, 2010). "Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg, Germany 1945–1949". loc.gov.
306. Douglas T. Stuart; United States Army (November 2000). "Organizing for National Security" (PDF). army.mil.
307. Public Broadcasting Service American Experience. "First Soviet Test". pbs.org.
308. Douglas Harper (2010). "McCarthyism". dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
309. University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law. "The Trials of Alger Hiss: A Chronology". umkc.edu.
310. New York University. "Who Was Alger Hiss?". nyu.edu.
311. George Mason University. ""Enemies from Within": Senator Joseph R. McCarthy's Accusations of Disloyalty". gmu.edu.
312. United States Navy. "The Korean War, June 1950 – July 1953 Introductory Overview and Special Image Selection". navy.mil.
313. Anthony Leviero (June 27, 1950). "Truman Orders U.S. Air, Navy Units to Fight in Aid of Korea; U.N. Council Supports Him; Our Fliers in Action; Fleet Guards Formosa". nytimes.com.
314. Wilbur Miller; Sage Publications (2012). The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia. books.google.com. p. 844. ISBN 978-1-4129-8876-6.
315. Megan Friedman; Time Magazine (October 1, 2010). "A Brief History of Peanuts". time.com.
316. Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum. "Assassination Attempt on President Truman's Life". trumanlibrary.org.
317. Johnny H. Killian, George Costello, Kenneth R. Thomas; United States Government Printing Office (2002). The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation : Analysis of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 28, 2002. books.google.com. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-16-072379-7.
318. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs. "Truman Dismisses General MacArthur–April 11, 1951". millercenter.org.
319. Christopher Hubbard; Ashgate Publishing (2005). Australian and US Military Cooperation: Fighting Common Enemies. books.google.com. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7546-4242-8.
320. Columbia University. "Bilater Security Treaty Between the United States of America and Japan (September 8, 1951)" (PDF). columbia.edu.
321. Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum (October 10, 1951). "250. Statement by the President Upon Signing the Mutual Security Act". trumanlibrary.org.
322. University of Michigan Press. "Whom to Exclude: The McCarran-Walter Act" (PDF). umich.edu.
323. University of California, Santa Barbara; Gerhard Peters. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1952". ucsb.edu.
324. Watson, J. D.; Crick, F. H. C. (April 25, 1953). "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" (PDF). Nature (nature.com) 171 (4356): 737–738. doi:10.1038/171737a0. PMID 13054692. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
325. Lotta Fredholm (September 30, 2003). "The Discovery of the Molecular Structure of DNA – The Double Helix: A Scientific Breakthrough". nobelprize.org.
326. University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law. "Timeline of Events Relating to the Rosenberg Trial". umkc.edu.
327. William R. Conklin (2010). "Atom Spy Couple Sentenced to Die; Aide Gets 30 Years". nytimes.com.
328. British Broadcasting Company (July 22, 2003). "The Korean War armistice". bbc.co.uk.
329. James Risen (2000). "Secrets of History: The C.I.A. in Iran First Few Days Look Disastrous". nytimes.com.
330. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. "Timeline Events in the History of Broadcasting". illinois.edu.
331. James H. Willbanks; ABC-CLIO (2013). Vietnam War: The Essential Reference Guide. books.google.com. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-61069-103-1.
332. Douglas O. Linder; University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law (2011). "The Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka Trial: An Account". umkc.edu.
333. Mount Holyoke College. "McCarthy's Downfall". mtholyoke.edu.
334. W.H. Lawrence (June 9, 1954). "Welch Assails M'Carthy's 'Cruelty' And 'Recklessness' In Attack on Aide; Senator, on Stand, Tells of Red Hunt". The New York Times.
335. United States Senate. "1941–1963 June 9, 1954 "Have You No Sense of Decency?"". senate.gov.
336. John Kirch; University of Maryland. "Covering a Coup: The American Press and Guatemala in 1954" (PDF). umd.edu.
337. Sigan Chen. "Don't Go Bananas: Operation PBSUCCESS — The CIA-Sponsored Counterrevolution to the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944". academia.edu.
338. Central Intelligence Agency (May 8, 2007). "Congress, the CIA, and Guatemala, 1954". cia.gov.
339. Public Broadcasting Service American Experience (1999). "Timeline of U.S. - China Relations". pbs.org.
340. Wall Street Journal. "NYSE: A History Depression and World War II 1930–1954". wsj.com.
341. Yale University Law School (2008). "Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of China; December 2, 1954". yale.edu.
342. Public Broadcasting Service (1998). "First successful kidney transplant performed 1954". pbs.org.
343. University of Michigan School of Public Health (July 1, 2013). "1955 Polio Vaccine Trial Announcement". umich.edu.
344. Eric Zorn (2013). "The first McDonald's". chicagotribune.com.
345. Yale University Law School (2008). "The Warsaw Security Pact: May 14, 1955". yale.edu.
346. Eileen Flick O'Shea; University of Southern California (November 18, 2003). "Disneyland Beginnings". usc.edu.
347. Douglas O. Linder; University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law. "The Emmett Till Murder Trial: An Account". umkc.edu.
348. British Broadcasting Company (September 30, 1955). "1955: James Dean killed in car smash". bbc.co.uk.
349. United States Army (December 8, 2003). "The Formative Years: 1950–1962". army.mil.
350. United States Library of Congress (October 8, 2010). "Today in History: December 1 Rosa Parks Arrested". loc.gov.
351. John Hutchinson; University of California, Berkeley, School of Law (December 31, 1958). "The Constitution and Government of the AFLCIO". berkeley.edu.
352. History Channel. "The Interstate Highway System". history.com.
353. Malcolm Byrne; George Washington University (November 4, 2002). "The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents". gwu.edu.
354. University of California, Santa Barbara; Gerhard Peters. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1956". ucsb.edu.
355. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "The Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957". state.gov.
356. Cynthia P. Lewis; University of Houston (1995). "The Southern Christian Leadership Conference". uh.edu.
357. Alex Chadwick (August 31, 2007). "Recalling Little Rock's Segregation Battle". npr.org.
358. University System of Georgia; Digital Library of Georgia (2011). "Civil Rights Act of 1957". usg.edu.
359. Stanford University. "Little Rock School Desegregation (1957)". stanford.edu.
360. Steve Garber; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (October 10, 2007). "Sputnik and the Dawn of the Space Age". nasa.gov. Archived from the original on November 18, 2004.
361. Katherine Nicol; Penn State University (2010). "America's First Civilian Nuclear Plant". psu.edu.
362. National Aeronautic and Space Administration. "Explorer 1: Launched January 31, 1958 The Beginning of U.S. Space Exploration". nasa.gov.
363. History Channel. "Jul 29, 1958: President Eisenhower authorizes creation of NASA". history.com.
364. "The History of the Integrated Circuit". nobelprize.org. May 5, 2003.
365. University of California, Santa Barbara. "243 – Statement by the President Upon Signing the National Defense Education Act.". ucsb.edu.
366. "Jan. 3, 1959: Alaska Becomes a State". nytimes.com. January 3, 2012.
367. Larry Harnisch (February 3, 2009). "Rock Stars Die in Plane Crash, February 3, 1959". latimes.com.
368. "Today in 1959: First Grammy Awards handed out". latimes.com. May 4, 2009.
369. Public Broadcasting Service American Experience. "Return With Honor Timeline". pbs.org.
370. Samantha L. Quigley; United States Department of Defense (July 8, 2009). "Ceremony Commemorates Vietnam War's First Combat Casualties". defense.gov.
371. W.H. Lawrence (August 21, 1959). "Hawaii Becomes the 50th State; New Flag Shown". nytimes.com. Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
372. Norris, Michele (February 1, 2008). "The Woolworth Sit-In That Launched a Movement". npr.org.
373. Stanford University. "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)". stanford.edu.
374. Mount Holyoke College. "May – July 1960: The U – 2 Airplane Incident". mtholyoke.edu.
375. Allison Shay; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (May 6, 2012). "On This Day: The Civil Rights Act of 1960". unc.edu.
376. New York Times (September 26, 2011). "Sept. 26, 1960: First Televised Presidential Debate". nytimes.com.
377. University of California, Santa Barbara; Gerhard Peters. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1960". ucsb.edu.
378. Life Magazine (October 14, 2013). "JFK on the Campaign Trail, 1960: Photos of a President in the Making". life.time.com.
379. United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration (October 9, 2012). "The Road to Civil Rights Boynton v. Virginia (1960)". dot.gov.
380. History Channel. "Dec 20, 1960: National Liberation Front formed". history.com.
381. George Gedda,Associated Press; Florida International University (January 1, 2001). "Diplomat Recalls Cuba Break in 1961". fiu.edu.
382. National Public Radio (January 17, 2011). "Ike's Warning of Military Expansion, 50 Years Later". npr.org.
383. Public Broadcasting Service. "Primary Resources: Farewell Address, 1961". pbs.org.
384. University of California, Santa Barbara. "Proclamation 3447 – Embargo on All Trade with Cuba". ucsb.edu.
385. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs. "Establishment of the Peace Corps (March 1, 1961)". millercenter.org.
386. City University of New York. "Milestones in Voting History". cuny.edu.
387. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. "The Bay of Pigs". jfklibrary.org.
388. George Washington University. "Bay of Pigs 40 Years After". gwu.edu.
389. David B. Fankhauser, Ph.D.; University of Cincinnati (February 7, 2002). "Freedom Rides". uc.edu.
390. Stetson University. "Boynton v. Virginia & The 1961 Freedom Rides" (PDF). stetson.edu.
391. Smithsonian Magazine (May 5, 2011). "On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard Went to Outer Space and Came Home". smithsonianmag.com.
392. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. "Space Program". jfklibrary.org.
393. History Channel. "Jun 16, 1961: Kennedy agrees to send instructors to train troops". history.com.
394. Public Broadcasting Service. "Battlefield: Vietnam Timeline". pbs.org.
395. University of Massachusetts Boston. "Major Events of the Vietnam War". umb.edu.
396. British Broadcasting Company (February 20, 1962). "1962: US spaceman orbits Earth". bbc.co.uk.
397. University of Tennessee at Martin. "Baker v. Carr (1962)". utm.edu.
398. "The Real Story: Escape from Alcatraz." Smithsonian Channel. Smithsonian, 2014. Web. 05 Jan. 2016.
399. University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law. "Engel et al. v. Vitale et al. Supreme Court of the United States". umkc.edu.
400. Richard Corliss; Time Magazine (August 3, 2012). "Marilyn Monroe 50 Years Later: In TIME and Out of Time". time.com.
401. Ernest R. May, Philip D. Zelikow; Harvard University Press; George Washington University (1997). "The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962". gwu.edu.
402. Becky Thompson; University of Hawai'i. "Multiracial Feminism: Recasting the Chronology of Second Wave Feminism" (PDF). hawaii.edu.
403. Administrative Office of the United States Courts. "Facts and Case Summary: Gideon V. Wainwright". uscourts.gov.
404. Stanford University. "Birmingham Campaign (1963)". stanford.edu.
405. Stanford University. ""Letter from Birmingham Jail" (1963)". stanford.edu.
406. Gerhard Peters, John T. Woolley,; University of California, Santa Barbara. "John F. Kennedy Remarks Upon Signing the Equal Pay Act.". ucsb.edu.
407. Ashley DeFlanders; Brown University (2002). "Freedom's Martyr: Medgar Evers". brown.edu.
408. Stanford University. "March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom". stanford.edu.
409. E.W. Kensworthy (2010). "200,000 March for Civil Rights in Orderly Washington Rally; President Sees Gain for Negro". nytimes.com.
410. National Archives and Records Administration (1963). "'(I Have a Dream …" (PDF). archives.gov.
411. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. "Birmingham, Alabama, and the Civil Rights Movement in 1963: The 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing". illinois.edu.
412. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. "Nuclear Test Ban Treaty". jfklibrary.org.
413. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. "November 22, 1963: Death of the President". jfklibrary.org.
414. United States Senate. "Swearing-In Ceremony for President Lyndon Baines Johnson". senate.gov.
415. Gladwin Hill (2010). "President's Assassin Shot to Death in Jail Corridor by a Dallas Citizen; Grieving Throngs View Kennedy Bier". nytimes.com.
416. Public Broadcasting Service American Experience. "Oswald's Ghost". pbs.org.
417. Katherine Stefko; Bates College (June 1, 2011). "Amendments to the Clean Air Act of 1963". bates.edu.
418. United States Library of Congress (November 24, 2010). "The Poll Tax: Twenty-Fourth Amendment Ratified". loc.gov.
419. British Broadcasting Company (May 31, 2010). "The British Invasion". bbc.co.uk.
420. New York Times (January 4, 2012). "Jan. 4, 1965: Lyndon Johnson Outlines 'Great Society' Plans". nytimes.com.
421. University of Texas at Austin. "The Great Society University of Michigan, Ann Arbor May 22, 1964". utexas.edu.
422. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. "Freedom Summer". illinois.edu.
423. Stanford University. "Civil Rights Act of 1964". stanford.edu.
424. Robert J. Hanyok, "Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds, and the Flying Fish: The Gulf of Tonkin Mystery, 2-4 August 1964", Cryptologic Quarterly, Winter 2000/Spring 2001 Edition, Vol. 19, No. 4 / Vol. 20, No. 1.
425. Shane, Scott (December 2, 2005). "Vietnam War Intelligence 'Deliberately Skewed,' Secret Study Says". nytimes.com.
426. George Washington University (2005). "Tonkin Gulf Intelligence "Skewed" According to Official History and Intercepts". gwu.edu.
427. British Broadcasting Company (August 4, 1964). "1964: Three civil rights activists found dead". bbc.co.uk.
428. Van Alstyne, William (November 1972). "Congress, the President, and the Power to Declare War". University of Pennsylvania Law Review (duke.edu) 121: 1–27. doi:10.2307/3311146. JSTOR 3311146.
429. Alison Shay; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (August 20, 2012). "On This Day: The Economic Opportunity Act". unc.edu.
430. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1964". ucsb.edu.
431. "The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 Martin Luther King Jr.". nobelprize.org. August 30, 2013.
432. Colorado State University. "Malcolm X – An Islamic Perspective". colostate.edu.
433. Dennis M. Drew; Air University Press (October 1986). "Rolling Thunder 1965: Anatomy of a Failure". af.mil.
434. Stanford University. "Selma to Montgomery March (1965)". stanford.edu.
435. Wesleyan University. "Voting Rights: Selma to Montgomery Marches" (PDF). wesleyan.edu.
436. Jeff Leen (September 27, 1999). "The Vietnam Protests: When Worlds Collided". washingtonpost.com.
437. National Archives and Records Administration. "Social Security Act Amendments (1965)". ourdocuments.gov.
438. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs. "Remarks on the Signing of the Voting Rights Act (August 6, 1965)". millercenter.org.
439. Stanford University. "Watts Rebellion (Los Angeles, 1965)". stanford.edu.
440. James Ruffing; Johns Hopkins University (June 19, 2006). "A Case Study Evaluating Financing and Rehabilitation Options for Aging HUD Section 8 Affordable Multifamily Properties" (PDF). jhu.edu.
441. Jennifer Ludden (May 9, 2006). "1965 Immigration Law Changed Face of America". npr.org.
442. Jack Begg (November 2, 1997). "Milestones and Memories; Creative thinkers, innovative ideas and movements that changed education in this century.". nytimes.com.
443. Ali B. Ali-Dinar; University of Pennsylvania. "Today in Black History". upenn.edu.
444. Administrative Office of the United States Courts. "Miranda v. Arizona (1966)". uscourts.gov.
445. Harvard University Library (2008). "National Organization for Women (NOW)". harvard.edu.
446. Indiana University (2011). "Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)". indiana.edu.
447. Crawford Morris. "Motor Vehicle Safety Regulation: Genesis". duke.edu.
448. British Broadcasting Company (March 14, 1964). "1964: Jack Ruby sentenced to death". bbc.co.uk.
449. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (2005). "Operation Cedar Falls Uncovers Tunnel Network". wilsoncenter.org.
450. Florida International University. "Background information for the Vietnam War". fiu.edu.
451. Life Magazine (January 1, 2014). "Life at the First Super Bowl: Rare Photos". time.com.
452. Rose McDermott; Fordham University (2011). "Extensions On the Twenty-Fifth Amendment: The Influence of Biological Factors On Assessments of Impairment". fordham.edu.
453. Office of the Federal Register. "Transportation Department". federalregister.gov.
454. University of California, Berkeley School of Law (1996). "The Pacifica Radio/UC Berkeley Social Activism Sound Recording Project: Anti-Vietnam War Protests in the San Francisco Bay Area & Beyond". berkeley.edu.
455. Joel Selvin (July 2012). "Summer of Love: 40 Years Later / 1967: The stuff that myths are made of". sfgate.com.
456. Shelia Weller (May 20, 2007). "Suddenly That Summer". vanityfair.com.
457. National Public Radio (June 11, 2007). "Loving Decision: 40 Years of Legal Interracial Unions". npr.org.
458. Gary Lawson; University of California, Berkeley, School of Law (July 31, 1990). "Territorial Governments and the Limits of Formalism". berkeley.edu. pp. 881–896.
459. United States Library of Congress (October 3, 2007). "Today in History: October 2 Thurgood Marshall". loc.gov.
460. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "U.S. Involvement in the Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive, 1968". state.gov.
461. University System of Georgia; Digital Library of Georgia (November 20, 2013). "Dr. King's Assassination". usg.edu. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
462. • 1968 Washington, D.C. riots; Twelve deaths (April 4–8) Neely Tucker (August 24, 2004). "The Wreckage of a Dream". washingtonpost.com.
     • 1968 Chicago riots; Eleven deaths (April 5–6) Public Broadcasting Service (2013). "Power, Politics, & Pride: 1968 Riots". wttw.com.
     • Baltimore riot of 1968; Six deaths (April 6–14) Baltimore Sun (April 3, 1998). "Recalling Baltimore's 1968 riots". baltimoresun.com.
     • 1968 Kansas City riot; Five deaths (April 9, 1968) Kansas City Star (January 16, 2006). "Kansas City riots, April 1968". kansascity.com.
     • Louisville riots of 1968; Two deaths (May 27–29) Paula Burba (May 25, 2010). "Black History Month: May 27, 1968 Parkland riots begin". Louisville Courier-Journal.
463. Alison Shay; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (April 11, 1968). "On This Day: The Civil Rights Act of 1968". unc.edu.
464. Gladwin Hill (2010). "Kennedy is Dead, Victim of Assassin; Suspect, Arab Immigrant, Arraigned; Johnson Appoints Panel on Violence". nytimes.com.
465. George Washington University (July 1, 2008). ""The Impulse towards a Safer World" 40th Anniversary of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty". gwu.edu.
466. "Brief History of Chicago's 1968 Democratic Convention". cnn.com. 1997.
467. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "Remarks Upon Signing the Gun Control Act of 1968.". ucsb.edu.
468. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1968". ucsb.edu.
469. University of California, Los Angeles (2011). "Shirley Chisholm Elected To Congress". ucla.edu.
470. Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum. "Apollo 8 Mission Summary". si.eduf.
471. Taylor Owen, Ben Kiernan; Yale University. "Bombs Over Cambodia" (PDF). yale.edu.
472. Columbia University (August 24, 2011). "Stonewall and Beyond: Lesbian and Gay Culture". columbia.edu.
473. Ken Ruudin (July 17, 2009). "Revering Ted Kennedy … And Remembering the Stain of 40 Years Ago". npr.org.
474. National Aeronautic and Space Administration. "Apollo 11". nasa.gov.
475. Life Magazine (July 30, 2013). "Peace, Love, Music and Mud: LIFE at Woodstock". time.com.
476. George Mason University. "Nixon's "Silent Majority" Speech". gmu.edu.
477. Craig Wilson (November 10, 2009). "'Sesame Street' is 40 but young at heart". usatoday.com.
478. "Nov. 15, 1969: Anti-Vietnam War Demonstration Held". nytimes.com. November 15, 2011.
479. Gerhard Peters, John T. Woolley; University of California, Santa Barbara. "486 – Address to the Nation on Progress Toward Peace in Vietnam.". ucsb.edu.
480. Ohio State University (2013). "(Dust Off: Army Aeromedical Evacuation in Vietnam)". osu.edu.
481. United States Environmental Protection Agency (May 25, 2012). "National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)". epa.gov.
482. David Rosenberg; Slate Magazine (May 4, 2013). "Personal Remembrances of the Kent State Shootings, 43 Years Later". slate.com.
483. Gerhard Peters, John T. Woolley; University of California, Santa Barbara. "Address to the Nation on Progress Toward Peace in Vietnam.". ucsb.edu.
484. Major Jeff Hackett; United States Department of Defense (March 27, 2008). "The Cambodian Incursion: Tactical and Operational Success and its Effects on Vietnamization" (PDF). gmu.edu.
485. Timothy Duman; Smithsonian Magazine (July 2010). "An Earth Day Icon, Unmasked". smithsonianmag.com.
486. Bill Marsh (July 11, 2009). "Casey Kasem's Velvet-Voiced Countdowns of Summers Past". nytimes.com.
487. Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum. "Nixon Library Timeline". nixonlibrary.gov.
488. Office of the Federal Register. "Environmental Protection Agency". federalregister.gov.
489. University of Denver. "History and Mission of OSHA". du.edu.
490. University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law. "The Charles Manson Trial: A Chronology". umkc.edu.
491. "Today in history: April 1 In 1970, President Nixon signed a bill limiting cigarette advertisements on TV and radio". theweek.com. April 1, 2013.
492. John Pardos; George Washington University (June 10, 2011). "National Archives (NARA) Releases Pentagon Papers!". gwu.edu.
493. Sheehan, Neil (June 13, 1971). "Vietnam Archive: Pentagon Study Traces 3 Decades of Growing U.S. Involvement". nytimes.com.
494. Gerhard Peters, John T. Woolley; University of California, Santa Barbara. "Remarks About an Intensified Program for Drug Abuse Prevention and Control.". ucsb.edu.
495. Public Broadcasting Service (October 5, 2010). "The Most Dangerous Man in America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers". pbs.org.
496. National Archives and Records Administration. "26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution". archives.gov.
497. Brian Domitrovic (August 14, 2011). "August 15, 1971: A Date Which Has Lived in Infamy". forbes.com.
498. History Channel. "Riot at Attica prison". history.com.
499. New York Times (February 17, 2012). "Feb. 17, 1972: Nixon Departs for Diplomatic Trip to China". nytimes.com.
500. Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum. "Nixon's Trip to China". nixonlibrary.gov.
501. United States Department of State Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance. "Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems (ABM Treaty)". state.gov.
502. Rapid City Public Library. "Rapid City Flood of 1972". rapidcitypubliclibrary.org.
503. "The Watergate Story". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
504. United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. "Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972". justice.gov.
505. Cornell University Law School. "Furman v. Georgia (No. 69-5003)". cornell.edu.
506. Daniel E. Estrin; Pace University School of Law (April 1, 2011). "Clean Water Act 101—A bit of legislative history". pace.edu.
507. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1972". ucsb.edu.
508. Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute (2012). "Apollo 17 Mission". usra.edu.
509. Yancy Mailes; [[United States Air Force]]'' ''[[Air Force Global Strike Command|Global Strike Command]] (December 4, 2012). "B-52s in Operation Linebacker II helped bring North Vietnam to the peace table".
510. Joshua Rothman (January 18, 2013). "Roe V. Wade in the Archive". newyorker.com.
511. New York Times (January 23, 2012). "Jan. 23, 1973: Nixon Announces End of U.S. Involvement in Vietnam". nytimes.com.
512. John Schmeltzer. "Sears Tower opens the world's largest retailer constructs the world's tallest building". chicagotribune.com.
513. University of California, Santa Barbara. "Skylab (1973)". ucsb.edu.
514. United States Senate. "Watergate Hearings Begin". senate.gov.
515. United States Senate. "Spiro T. Agnew, 39th Vice President (1969–1973)". senate.gov.
516. Carroll Kilpatrick (October 21, 1973). "Nixon Forces Firing of Cox; Richardson, Ruckelshaus Quit". washingtonpost.com.
517. University of California, Berkeley (2011). "1973-74 Oil Crisis". berkeley.edu.
518. University of Texas at Austin. "The Establishment and First Uses of the 25th Amendment". utexas.edu.
519. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "The Worst in History: 1974 Tornado Outbreak". noaa.gov.
520. Smithsonian Institution. "Hank Aaron Home Run Record Setter-755". si.edu.
521. University of Pittsburgh School of Law JURIST (2004). "House Judiciary Committee opened impeachment hearings against Richard Nixon". pitt.edu.
522. John Herbers (August 8, 1974). "Nixon Resigns: He Urges a Time of 'Healing'; Ford Will Take Office Today". nytimes.com.
523. National Archives and Records Administration (March 1996). ""I hereby resign the Office of President of the United States." --Richard M. Nixon, August 9, 1974". archives.gov.
524. Public Broadcasting Service (August 8, 1974). "President Nixon's Resignation Speech". pbs.org.
525. National Archives and Records Administration. "Inauguration of Gerald Ford". nara.gov.
526. Gerhard Peters, John T. Woolley; University of California, Santa Barbara. "Proclamation 4311 – Granting Pardon to Richard Nixon". ucsb.edu.
527. Earle B. Amey; United States Geological Survey. "Au Gold" (PDF). usgs.gov.
528. United States Senate. "January 27, 1975 Church Committee Created". senate.gov.
529. "Microsoft". businessinsider.com. September 4, 2013.
530. New York Times (April 30, 2012). "April 30, 1975: Saigon Falls". nytimes.com.
531. Jeane Ryba; National Aeronautic and Space Administration (March 18, 2010). "The Apollo-Soyuz Mission". nasa.gov.
532. Dean Walsh, Stan Stanton; Sacramento Bee (August 26, 2013). "President Ford video testimony released on 'Squeaky' Fromme assassination attempt". sacbee.com.
533. "Apple". businessinsider.com. September 4, 2013.
534. Cornell University Law School. "Syllabus Supreme Court of the United States 428 U.S. 153 Gregg v. Georgia". cornell.edu.
535. Richard F. Shepard (July 5, 1976). "Nation and Millions in City Joyously Hail Bicentennial". nytimes.com.
536. Kurt E. Kruckeberg; Seattle University School of Law. "Copyright "Band-Aids" and the Future of Reform". seattleu.edu.
537. John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. "1977: Rooted in Front of the TV". kennedy-center.org.
538. "This Day in History: May 25, 1977: Star Wars Released". History.com. A & E Television Networks. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
539. Sewell Chan (July 9, 2007). "Remembering the '77 Blackout". nytimes.com.
540. Public Broadcasting Service American Experience. "Timeline: Jimmy Carter". pbs.org.
541. John Mackie (August 16, 2013). "This day in history: August 16, 1977". The Vancouver Sun.
542. United States Library of Congress (January 1, 2011). "Today in History: September 7 The Panama Canal". loc.gov.
543. "What's New: Commodore Ships First PET Computers". BYTE. Byte Publications. February 1978. p. 190.
544. Yale University Law School. "Camp David Accords; September 17, 1978". yale.edu.
545. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Statement on Signing S. 1566 Into Law.". ucsb.edu.
546. Daniel L. Thornton; Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (January 3, 2011). "What Does the Change in the FOMC's Statement of Objectives Mean?" (PDF). stlouisfed.org.
547. South Dakota State University (September 5, 2013). "Jonestown Memorial List". sdsu.edu.
548. Tim Cahill (January 25, 1979). "In the Valley of the Shadow of Death: Guyana After the Jonestown Massacre". rollingstone.com.
549. History Channel (September 5, 2013). "Jonestown". history.com.
550. Cindi Ernst; University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law. "The Dan White (Harvey Milk Murder) Trial (1979): Selected Links & Bibliography". umkc.edu.
551. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (February 11, 2013). "Backgrounder on the Three Mile Island Accident". nrc.gov.
552. Laura Perkins (May 21, 2004). "Dan White verdict sparks riot". sfgate.com.
553. David Young; Chicago Tribune. "The crash of American Airlines Flight 191 near O'Hare". chicagotribune.com.
554. Office of the Federal Register (September 5, 2013). "Education Department". federalregister.gov.
555. Jimmy Carter Library and Museum (November 6, 2012). "The Hostage Crisis in Iran". jimmycarterlibrary.gov.
556. Gerhard Peters, John T Woolley; University of California, Santa Barbara. "Refugee Act of 1980 Statement on Signing S. 643 Into Law.". ucsb.edu.
557. The Week (March 21, 2013). "Today in history: March 21 In 1980 President Carter ordered a boycott of the Olympic Games in Moscow". theweek.com.
558. United States Department of Education. "U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Historical Highlights". hhs.gov.
559. United States Air Force Air and Space Power Journal (September 21, 2006). "Operation Eagle Claw: The Iran Hostage Rescue Mission". af.mil.
560. Oregon State University (September 5, 2013). "What happened when Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980?". oregonstate.edu.
561. History Channel. "Jun 1, 1980: CNN launches". history.com.
562. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1980". ucsb.edu.
563. Matt Hurwitz (December 7, 2010). "30 years later, it's still hard to fathom Lennon's killing". washingtonpost.com.
564. New York Times (January 20, 2012). "Jan. 20, 1981: Iran Releases American Hostages as Reagan Takes Office". nytimes.com.
565. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs. "Reagan Officials on the March 30, 1981 Assassination Attempt". millercenter.org.
566. Jeanne Ryba; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (November 23, 2007). "Space Shuttle Mission Archives: STS-1". nasa.gov.
567. National Institute of Standards and Technology (June 2, 2011). "Hyatt Regency Hotel Walkway Collapse, Missouri, 1981". nist.gov.
568. Andy Greene; Rolling Stone (July 28, 2011). "MTV Turns 30 Original VJ Mark Goodman recalls network's first days: 'I think we only had 300 videos'". rollingstone.com.
569. George J. Viksnins; Georgetown University. "Reaganomics after Twenty Years". georgetown.edu.
570. National Archives and Records Administration. "Reagan's Nomination of O'Connor". archives.gov.
571. '. "National Security Decision Directive on Cuba and Central America" (PDF). utexas.edu.
572. Paul L. Montgomery (June 13, 1982). "Throngs Fill Manhattan to Protest Nuclear Weapons". nytimes.com.
573. Friedman, Thomas; Farrar, Straus and Giroux (1989). From Beirut to Jerusalem: Revised Edition. books.google.com. p. 190. ISBN 0-374-15895-9.
574. New York Times (March 23, 2012). "March 23, 1983: Reagan Proposes 'Star Wars' Missile Defense System". nytimes.com.
575. University of Texas at Austin. "Address to the Nation on Defense and National Security: March 23, 1983". utexas.edu.
576. Public Broadcasting Service Frontline. "Terrorist Attacks on Americans, 1979–1988". pbs.org.
577. Public Broadcasting Service Frontline. "1983–1991: Target America". pbs.org.
578. British Broadcasting Company (October 25, 1983). "1983: US troops invade Grenada". bbc.co.uk.
579. United States Department of Health and Human Services; AIDS.gov. "A Timeline of AIDS".
580. Kenneth Reich; Sports Illustrated (May 21, 1984). "Doleful Days for the Games: A boycott—this time by the U.S.S.R.—delivered a stunning blow to this summer's L.A. Olympics". cnn.com.
581. The San Diego Union-Tribune. "San Ysidro Massacre: July 18, 1984". utsandiego.com.
582. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1984". ucsb.edu.
583. Graham Jones (July 6, 2005). "Live Aid 1985: A day of magic". cnn.com.
584. The Telegram. "Arrow Air — 25 Years Later". thetelegram.com.
585. King Center for Nonviolent Social Change. "Making of the King Holiday". thekingcenter.org.
586. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (October 22, 2004). "The Crew of the Challenger Shuttle Mission in 1986". nasa.gov. Archived from the original on October 27, 2004.
587. History Channel. "U.S. bombs Libya". history.com.
588. United States Library of Congress. "Bill Summary & Status 99th Congress (1985–1986) S.49 All Information". loc.gov.
589. Dennis McDougal (November 2, 1986). "Hands Across America, May 25, 1986 : Hands' Bills Paid in Full, But Homeless Still Waiting". latimes.com.
590. Jeffrey G. Lofgren, Dr. David P. Auerswald, Colonel John Zielinski; United States Department of Defense. "The Battle Over Change: The Goldwater-Nichols Act Of 1986" (PDF). dtic.mil.
591. Kirsten Acuna (May 19, 2012). "These Were the Milestones That Made Fox a Powerhouse Fourth Network". businessinsider.com.
592. United States Department of State Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Republic of the Marshall Islands". state.gov.
593. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs. "Remarks on Signing the Tax Reform Act (October 22, 1986)". millercenter.org.
594. Brown University. "Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs". brown.edu.
595. History Channel. "Nov 3, 1986: Iran arms sales revealed". history.com.
596. University of Washington Bothell. "1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, a.k.a. The Simpson-Mazzoli Act". uwb.edu.
597. National Public Radio (2013). "The Life of Ronald Reagan: A Timeline". npr.org.
598. Brown University. "Iran-Contra Legal Aftermath Timeline". brown.edu.
599. Brown University. "Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs the Hearings". brown.edu.
600. Romesh Ratnesar; Time Magazine (June 11, 2007). "20 Years After "Tear Down This Wall"". time.com.
601. United States Library of Congress (December 3, 2012). "Black Monday Stock Market Crash". loc.gov.
602. James H. Andrews (November 2, 1989). "Bork Takes the Stand for Judicial Principles". csmonitor.com.
603. The Philadelphia Inquirer (November 18, 1987). "'Ultimate Responsibility' Put on Reagan Congressional Report Cites Broken Laws". philly.com.
604. University of California, Santa Barbara. "The Iran-Contra Report". ucsb.edu.
605. United States Department of State Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance. "Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF Treaty)". state.gov.
606. Chris Kenning; Louisville Courier-Journal (May 14, 2013). "Carrollton bus crash: Survivors deal with loss at 25th anniversary memorial". courier-journal.com.
607. Diane Smith; Utah State University. "Yellowstone National Park and the Summer of fire" (PDF). usu.edu.
608. Phil Vettel (August 9, 1988). "The Cubs get lights at Wrigley Field: The last stronghold of daytime baseball finally glows in the dark.". chicagotribune.com.
609. Steven Wright; Dartmouth College. "The Civil Liberties Act of 1988". dartmouth.edu.
610. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (April 12, 2013). "Space Shuttle Overview: Discovery (OV-103)". nasa.gov.
611. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The Robert Morris Internet Worm". mit.edu.
612. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1988". ucsb.edu.
613. University of North Texas. "Department of Veterans Affairs". unt.edu.
614. United States Environmental Protection Agency (March 28, 2013). "Emergency Management: Exxon Valdez". epa.gov.
615. Larry J. Sabato (July 21, 1998). "Speaker Jim Wright's Downfall – 1989". washingtonpost.com.
616. "Pounding winds reshaped lives". charlotteobserver.com. Charlotte Observer.
617. National Geographic (1996). "Forces of Nature: Hurricane Hugo". nationalgeographic.com.
618. National Geographic (1996). "Forces of Nature: Loma Prieta". nationalgeographic.com.
619. Svetlana Savranskaya, Thomas Blanton; George Washington University (December 3, 2009). "Bush and Gorbachev at Malta Previously Secret Documents from Soviet and U.S. Files on the 1989 Meeting, 20 Years Later". gwu.edu.
620. Shannon Schwaller; United States Army (November 17, 2008). "Operation Just Cause: the Invasion of Panama, December 1989". army.mil.
621. National Public Radio (April 2, 2007). "Timeline: America's War on Drugs". npr.org.
622. New York Times (January 13, 2012). "Jan. 13, 1990: L. Douglas Wilder Becomes First Elected Black Governor in U.S.". nytimes.com.
623. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (October 26, 2012). "Hubble Space Telescope (HST)". nasa.gov.
624. History Channel. "Superpowers to destroy chemical weapons". history.com.
625. PBS NewsHour (July 26, 2013). "Happy Birthday ADA". pbs.org.
626. Dave Johns; [[Public Broadcasting Service]]'' ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]] (2002). "The Crimes of Saddam Hussein: 1990 The Invasion of Kuwait". pbs.org.
627. United States Environmental Protection Agency (November 15, 1990). "EPA Administrator Reilly Hails Signing of New Clean Air Act". epa.gov.
628. University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs (2013). "Persian Gulf War Begins–January 17, 1991". millercenter.org.
629. "A Timeline of Operation Desert Storm". United States Army. February 26, 2013.
630. British Broadcasting Company (February 21, 1991). "1991: Jubilation follows Gulf War ceasefire". bbc.com.
631. British Broadcasting Company (July 31, 1991). "1991: Superpowers to cut nuclear warheads". bbc.com.
632. Serge Schmemann; New York Times (December 26, 1991). "END OF THE SOVIET UNION; The Soviet State, Born of a Dream, Dies". nytimes.com.
633. Archie Brown; British Broadcasting Company (February 17, 2011). "Reform, Coup and Collapse: The End of the Soviet State". bbc.com.
634. George Mason University. "An Outline of the Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas Controversy". gmu.edu.
635. Peter Dreier; Occidental College (2003). "America's Urban Crisis a Decade After the Los Angeles Riots". National Civil Review (oxy.edu) 92 (1): 35–55. doi:10.1002/ncr.4.
636. Ruth Ann Strickland; Cambridge University Press (1993). "The Twenty-Seventh Amendment and Constitutional Change by Stealth" (PDF). University of North Carolina at Greensboro. ISSN 0030-8269.
637. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service (August 26, 2012). "Hurricane Andrew August 16-28, 1992". noaa.gov.
638. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center (October 31, 2013). "Hurricane Andrew 1992". noaa.gov.
639. Gerhard Peters; University of California, Santa Barbara. "The American Presidency Project Election of 1992". ucsb.edu.
640. University of Illinois at Chicago (December 13, 1995). "Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II Chronology". uic.edu.
641. Public Broadcasting Service Frontline. "Chronology of the Siege". pbs.org.
642. Michael deCourcy Hinds (April 30, 1993). "Officials Lower Death Toll in Waco Fire to Around 72". nytimes.com.
643. Federal Bureau of Investigation (February 26, 2008). "FBI 100 First Strike: Global Terror in America". fbi.gov.
644. William C. Rempel; Los Angeles Times (February 28, 1993). "Clues in N.Y. Blast Point to a Bomb; Injury Toll Rises : Disaster: Police call World Trade Center explosion a 'callous criminal act.' Unsafe conditions hamper investigation. Two people are missing; 1,042 are hurt". latimes.com.
645. Northern Virginia Community College; C.T. Evans, R. Snyder (August 2001). "Operation Restore Hope/Battle of Mogadishu". nvcc.edu.
646. Evangelos Kostoulas; University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law. "Ask, Tell, and Be Merry: The Constitutionality of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Following Lawrence v. Texas and United States v. Marcum" (PDF). upenn.edu.
647. Carolyn Skorneck; Associated Press (November 30, 1993). "Clinton Signs Brady Bill". seattletimes.com.
648. British Broadcasting Company (April 6, 2001). "The struggle for Nafta". bbc.com.
649. Douglas A. McIntyre, Michael B. Sauter; The Atlantic (May 23, 2011). "The 10 Costliest Floods in American History". theatlantic.com.
650. Carolyn Donlin; United States Geological Survey (August 8, 2002). "Understanding Earthquake Hazards In Southern California". usgs.gov.
651. United States Government Printing Office. "Remarks on Signing the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994" (PDF). gpo.gov.
652. PBS NewsHour (September 13, 2004). "Assault Weapons Ban Expires". pbs.org.
653. Medical University of South Carolina; David M. Heger (December 7, 2004). "The Violence Against Women Act of 1994". musc.edu.
654. University of California, Berkeley (March 7, 2011). "1994 Midterm Elections". berkeley.edu.
655. Whet Moser; Chicago Magazine (July 20, 2011). "Why People Die During Heat Waves". chicagomag.com.
656. University of Chicago Press (2002). "Dying Alone". uchicago.edu.
657. R. Kent Weaver; Brookings Institution (April 2002). "The Structure of the TANF Block Grant". brookings.edu.
658. "Clinton Signs Welfare Reform Bill, Angers Liberals". cnn.com. August 22, 1996.
659. British Broadcasting Company (January 20, 2001). "President Bush sworn in". bbc.co.uk.
660. United States Library of Congress THOMAS. "Bill Summary & Status 107th Congress (2001–2002) H.R.1836 Major Congressional Actions Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001". thomas.loc.gov.
661. Serge Schmemann (September 12, 2001). "Hijacked Jets Destroy Twin Towers and Hit Pentagon in Day of Terror". nytimes.com.
662. NPR; CNN (February 15, 2011). "Timeline: How the Anthrax Terror Unfolded". npr.org.
663. Elzie R. Golden; United States Army (March 17, 2006). "The United States Army in Afghanistan Operation Enduring Freedom". army.mil. Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
664. United States Library of Congress THOMAS. "Bill Summary & Status 107th Congress (2001–2002) H.R.3162 Major Congressional ActionsUniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act". thomas.loc.gov.
665. Zachary Coile, Stacy Finz (November 13, 2001). "The Crash of Flight 587 / Accident is focus in probe of crash / 265 killed in New York -- officials find no evidence of terrorism / Dominican-bound jet hits residential area". San Francisco Chronicle.
666. Frank James (June 14, 2013). "Bush officially withdraws U.S. from 1972 ABM Treaty". chicagotribune.com.
667. United States Library of Congress THOMAS. "Bill Summary & Status 107th Congress (2001–2002) H.R.1 Major Congressional Actions No Child Left Behind Act of 2001". thomas.loc.gov.
668. Federal Bureau of Investigation (October 27, 2007). "A Byte Out of History the Beltway Snipers, Part 1". fbi.gov.
669. United States Department of Homeland Security. "Creation of the Department of Homeland Security". dhs.gov.
670. "The Columbia shuttle disaster All 7 astronauts died when shuttle broke apart in re-entry". indystar.com. February 2, 2003.
671. Jeff Flock (February 25, 2003). "Chicago overwhelmed by nightclub deaths". cnn.com.
672. David Klepper; Associated Press (February 20, 2013). "RI Marks 10th Anniversary of Deadly Nightclub Fire". ap.org.
673. "Bush declares war". cnn.com. March 19, 2003.
674. "Operation Red Dawn: Saddam captured". bbc.co.uk. December 14, 2003.
675. Don Reisinger (February 4, 2010). "Facebook six years later: from a dorm room experiment to a household name". latimes.com.
676. National Flood Insurance Program. "Floods can happen anywhere. Are you prepared?". floodsmart.gov.
677. Dan Balz (November 4, 2004). "Bush Wins Second Term Kerry Concedes Defeat; Both Speak of Need for Unity". washingtonpost.com.
678. United States Senate (January 20, 2005). "Swearing-In Ceremony for President George W. Bush Fifty-Fifth Inaugural Ceremonies, January 20, 2005". inaugural.senate.gov.
679. The Weather Channel (August 21, 2009). "Katrina's statistics tell story of its wrath". weather.com.
680. "America Votes 2006 U.S. House of Representatives". cnn.com. 2007.
681. "America Votes 2006 U.S. Senate". cnn.com. 2007.
682. "America Votes 2006 Governor". cnn.com. 2007.
683. Edward Epstein (January 3, 2007). "Nancy Pelosi in the seat of power / The speaker runs the House, guides its members -- a realm that influences the nation, the world". San Francisco Chronicle.
684. Kristina Nwazota; PBS NewsHour (January 10, 2007). "President Bush Outlines New Strategy for Iraq". pbs.org.
685. Christine Hauser, Anahad O'Connor (April 16, 2007). "Virginia Tech Shooting Leaves 33 Dead". nytimes.com.
686. Minnesota Public Radio. "Minneapolis Bridge Collapse: Remembering the Dead". minnesota.publicradio.org.
687. National Bureau of Economic Research (December 1, 2008). "Business Cycle Dating Committee, National Bureau of Economic Research". nber.org.
688. Emily Kaiser (December 1, 2008). "Recession started in December 2007: panel". reuters.com.
689. United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics (February 2012). "The Recession of 2007–2009" (PDF). bls.gov.
690. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. "Service Assessment Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak of February 5-6, 2008" (PDF). nws.noaa.gov.
691. Robbie Berg; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (January 23, 2009). "Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Ike" (PDF). nhc.noaa.gov.
692. Madlen Read; Associated Press (July 11, 2008). "Oil sets new trading record above $147 a barrel". usatoday.com.
693. Mauro F. Guillén. "The Global Economic & Financial Crisis: A Timeline" (PDF). Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
694. Jon Hilsenrath, Serena Ng, Damian Paletta (September 18, 2008). "Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight". online.wsj.com.
695. Vikas Bajaj (September 17, 2008). "Financial Crisis Enters New Phase". nytimes.com.
696. Adam Nagourney (November 4, 2008). "Obama Wins Election; McCain Loses as Bush Legacy is Rejected". nytimes.com.
697. Carl Hulse (January 20, 2009). "Obama is Sworn in as the 44th President". nytimes.com.
698. United States Library of Congress THOMAS. "Bill Summary & Status 111th Congress (2009–2010) H.R.1 Major Congressional Actions". thomas.loc.gov.
699. The Week (April 15, 2010). "The Tea Party's road to legitimacy: A timeline". theweek.com.
700. "Michael Jackson is dead". latimes.com. June 25, 2009.
701. Greg Stohr (August 8, 2009). "Sonia Sotomayor Sworn in as Supreme Court Justice". bloomberg.com.
702. Ana Campoy, Peter Sanders, and Russell Gold (November 9, 2009). "Hash Browns, Then 4 Minutes of Chaos Role of Texas Shooter's Muslim Faith is Examined; Policewoman Hailed as Hero". online.wsj.com.
703. Gordon Lubold (February 23, 2010). "Navy to allow women to serve aboard submarines". csmonitor.com.
704. United States Library of Congress THOMAS. "Bill Summary & Status 111th Congress (2009–2010) H.R.3590 Major Congressional Actions Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act". thomas.loc.gov.
705. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (March 19, 2013). "Gulf Oil Spill". noaa.gov.
706. United States Library of Congress THOMAS. "Bill Summary & Status 111th Congress (2009–2010) H.R.4173 Major Congressional Actions Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act". thomas.loc.gov.
707. "Election 2010 Results Senate Map". nytimes.com. November 2, 2010.
708. "Election 2010 Results House Map". nytimes.com. November 2, 2010.
709. David Leigh (November 28, 2010). "US embassy cables leak sparks global diplomatic crisis". London: guardian.co.uk.
710. David Lightman; McClatchy News Service (December 22, 2010). "Historic START treaty wins overwhelming Senate vote, 71-26". mcclatchydc.com.
711. Peter Nichols (December 22, 2010). "'Don't ask, don't tell' repeal signed by Obama". latimes.com.
712. Washington Post. "Giffords shooting: The attack and aftermath". washingtonpost.com.
713. Mark Thompson (March 19, 2011). "Target Libya: Operation 'Odyssey Dawn' Begins". nation.time.com.
714. Cooper, Helene (May 1, 2011). "Obama Announces Killing of Osama bin Laden". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
715. Jennifer Steinhauer (August 2, 2011). "Debt Bill is Signed, Ending a Fractious Battle". nytimes.com.
716. Charles Riley (August 6, 2011). "S&P downgrades U.S. credit rating". money.cnn.com.
717. Sarah McDonald (August 9, 2011). "Global Bonds Gain $132 Billion as Stock Rout Cuts $7.8 Trillion". businessweek.com.
718. "Protesters Begin Effort to 'Occupy Wall Street'". abcnews.go.com. September 17, 2011.
719. Joseph Logan (December 18, 2011). "Last U.S. troops leave Iraq, ending war". reuters.com.
720. Zeleny, Jeff; Rutenberg, Jim (November 6, 2012). "Divided U.S. Gives Obama More Time". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
721. The Economist (January 21, 2013). "Barack Obama is from the government, and he is here to help". economist.com.
722. John Eligon and Michael Cooper (April 15, 2013). "Blasts at Boston Marathon Kill 3 and Injure 100". The New York Times.
723. Barton Gelman, Laura Poitras; Washington Post (June 6, 2013). "U.S., British intelligence mining data from nine U.S. Internet companies in broad secret program". washingtonpost.com.
724. Glenn Greenwald, Ewen MacAskill; The Guardian (June 11, 2013). "Boundless Informant: the NSA's secret tool to track global surveillance data". theguardian.com.
725. Glenn Greenwald, Spencer Ackerman; The Guardian (June 27, 2013). "How the NSA is still harvesting your online data". theguardian.com.
726. "Flight MH370: Here Are 7 Other Planes That Have Never Been Found." Metro Flight MH370 Here Are 7 Other Planes That Have Never Beenfound Comments. N.p., 16 Apr. 2014. Web. 08 Dec. 2015. To be found on URL-http://metro.co.uk/2014/04/16/flight-mh370-heres-7-other-planes-that-have-never-been-found-4699974/
727. "Letter from the President -- War Powers Resolution Regarding Iraq". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
728. "Missouri Governor Asks For National Guard Reinforcements After Riots". Newsweek.org. Newsweek. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
729. Barron, James (3 November 2014). "1 World Trade Center, a Pillar of Resilience, Is Open for Business". New York Times. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
730. Hirschhorn, Dan; Miller, Zeke J. (November 4, 2014). "Republicans Win the Senate in Midterm Elections". Time.com (Time Inc.). Retrieved 8 December 2014.
731. Baker, Peter (December 17, 2014). "U.S. to Restore Full Relations With Cuba, Erasing a Last Trace of Cold War Hostility". NYTimes.com (The New York Times). Retrieved 19 December 2014.

• ^[1]
• Hakim, Joy (2003). Making Thirteen Colonies. A History of US. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515322-7.

Bibliography

• Timeline of the American Revolution
• Library of Congress. Time Line of African American History, 1852–1880
• David Ramsay, A chronological table of the principal events which have taken place in the English colonies, now United States, from, Charlestown, S.C: From the press of J. Hoff, LCCN 87695663

Published in the 19th century

• George Henry Townsend (1867). "United States". A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.). London: Frederick Warne & Co.
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "United States of America", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, OCLC 2613202 – via HathiTrust

Published in the 20th century

• Henry Smith Williams, ed. (1908). "Chronological Summary of the History of the United States". United States, Spanish America. Historians' History of the World 23. London: Hooper & Jackson.
• Benjamin Vincent (1910). "United States of America". Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.). London: Ward, Lock & Co., Ltd.
• Charles Ripley Damon (1921). "American Dictionary of Dates, 458-1920". Morristown, Tennessee: Globe Book Co. + v.2, v.3
• George William Douglas (1948), American Book of Days, New York: H. W. Wilson Co., OL 23248320M – via Internet Archive (fulltext)
• Gorton Carruth, ed. (1972). Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates (7th ed.). New York: Crowell. OL 5297973M.
• Schlesinger, Jr., Arther M. The Almanac of American History (1983)
• Ernie Gross (1990). This Day in American History. Neal-Schuman. ISBN 978-1-55570-046-1.
• Kutler, Stanley L., ed. Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century (4 vol, 1996)
• Morris, Richard, ed. Encyclopedia of American History (7th ed. 1996)
• Laurence Urdang, ed. (1996). Timetables of American History. Touchstone. ISBN 978-0-7432-0261-9 – via Google Books.
• Joseph Nathan Kane; et al. (1997), Famous First Facts (5th ed.), New York: H.W. Wilson, OL 684443M – via Internet Archive (fulltext)

Published in the 21st century

• Bernard Trawicky (2000). Anniversaries and Holidays (5th ed.). American Library Association. ISBN 978-0-8389-1004-7.
• Ross Gregory (2003). "Chronology". Cold War America, 1946 To 1990. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-0798-1.
• Cordelia Candelaria, ed. (2004). "Chronology". Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. lxiii–lxxii. ISBN 978-0-313-33210-4.
• Robin D. G. Kelley and Earl Lewis, ed. (2005). "Chronology". To Make Our World Anew: a History of African Americans. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-983893-6.
• Nell Irvin Painter (2006). "Timelines". Creating Black Americans: African-American History and Its Meanings, 1619 to the Present. Oxford University Press. p. 361+. ISBN 978-0-19-513755-2.
• Richard Kurin (2013). "Time Line". Smithsonian's History of America in 101 Objects. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-63877-4.

External links

• "United States Profile: Timeline". BBC News.
• "On This Day", New York Times
• "Sources". Today in History. Washington DC: Library of Congress.

1. Template:"Flight MH370: Here Are 7 Other Planes That Have Never Been Found." ''Metro Flight MH370 Here Are 7 Other Planes That Have Never Beenfound Comments''. N.p., 16 Apr. 2014. Web. 08 Dec. 2015."