Toronto Pearson International Airport

Toronto Pearson International Airport Aéroport international Pearson de Toronto
IATA: YYZ – ICAO: CYYZ – WMO: 71624
Summary
Airport type	Public
Owner	Transport Canada
Operator	Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA)
Serves	Greater Toronto Area
Location	Mississauga and Toronto, Ontario
Hub for	Air Canada FedEx Express WestJet
Time zone	EST (UTC−05:00)
• Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC−04:00)
Elevation AMSL	569 ft / 173 m
Coordinates	43°40′36″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67667°N 79.63056°WCoordinates: 43°40′36″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67667°N 79.63056°W
Website	www.torontopearson.com
Map
YYZ Location within Toronto
Runways
Direction Length Surface ft m 05/23 11,120 3,389 Asphalt/Concrete 06L/24R 9,697 2,956 Asphalt 06R/24L 9,000 2,743 Asphalt 15L/33R 11,050 3,368 Asphalt 15R/33L 9,088 2,770 Asphalt
Statistics (2015)
Number of Passengers 41,036,847 Aircraft movements 443,154
Sources: Canada Flight Supplement[1] Environment Canada[2] Transport Canada[3] Movements from GTAA[4] Passengers from the GTAA[4]

Toronto Pearson International Airport, officially Lester B. Pearson International Airport and also known as Pearson Airport or Toronto Pearson (IATA: YYZ, ICAO: CYYZ) is an international airport serving the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, its metropolitan area, and the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 8.7 million people.^[5] The airport is located 22.5 km (14.0 mi) northwest of Downtown Toronto, with the bulk of the airport (including the two main terminals) located in the adjacent city of Mississauga, and a small portion extending into Etobicoke, Toronto's western district.^[6] The airport is named in honour of Lester B. Pearson, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and 14th Prime Minister of Canada.

Pearson is the largest and busiest airport in Canada.^[7] In 2015, it handled 41,036,847 passengers and 443,154 aircraft movements.^[4] It is the world's 33rd-busiest airport by total passenger traffic, 22nd-busiest airport by international passenger traffic, and 15th-busiest airport by flights. Pearson is a major North American global gateway, handling more international passengers than any airport in North America other than John F. Kennedy International Airport.^[8]

Pearson is the main hub for Air Canada.^[9][10] It is also a hub for passenger airline WestJet and cargo airline FedEx Express, and serves as an operating base for passenger airlines Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines. Pearson Airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System^[11] and is one of eight Canadian airports with facilities for United States border preclearance.

An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces of Canada.^[12] As of 2016, over 75 airlines operate around 1,100 daily departures from Toronto Pearson to more than 180 destinations across all six of the world's inhabited continents.^[13][14][15]

History

Toronto Pearson International Airport was established in 1937, when the Government of Canada announced its intention to build an airport in Toronto. A site near the town of Malton, northwest of Toronto, was chosen as the location for the facility.^[16] The Toronto Harbour Commission purchased and acquired several farms that were located in the area at the time.^[17][18] In its early days, Toronto Pearson was referred to as Malton Airport. The first scheduled passenger flight to Malton Airport was a Trans-Canada Airlines DC-3 that landed on August 29, 1939.^[19]

During World War II, the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP) operated No. 1 Elementary Service Flying School (EFTS) and No. 1 Air Observer School (AOS) at Malton Airport.^[20][21]

In 1958, the City of Toronto sold the Malton Airport to Transport Canada, who subsequently changed the name of the facility to Toronto International Airport.^[22] The airport was officially renamed Lester B. Pearson International Airport in 1984, in honour of Lester B. Pearson, the fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize. The Greater Toronto Airports Authority assumed management, operation, and control of the airport in 1996.^[23]

Terminals

Terminal 1 seen from the ramp

Toronto Pearson International Airport has two active terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Both terminals are designed to handle all three sectors of travel (domestic, transborder, and international), which results in terminal operations at Pearson being grouped for airlines and airline alliances, rather than for domestic and international routes.

A third terminal, the Infield Terminal (IFT), is currently not used for regular operations at Pearson.

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 Check-in Hall

Inuksuk sculptures stand in front of the departures entrance at Terminal 1.

Measuring over 567,000 square metres (6,000,000 sq ft), Terminal 1 is the largest terminal at Pearson Airport and is among the largest buildings in the world by floor space. Air Canada and all other Star Alliance airlines that serve Toronto Pearson operate out of Terminal 1. The terminal is also used by non-alliance airlines Etihad Airways and Emirates.

Terminal 1 was designed by a joint venture known as Airports Architects Canada, comprising Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, Adamson Associates Architects and Moshe Safdie and Associates.^[24] It contains 58 gates: D1, D3, D5, D7-D12, D20, D22, D24, D26, D28, D31–D45 (D32, D34, D36 also serve US flights and carry F designation), D51, D53, D55, D57 (also carry F designation), F60–F63, F64A–F64B, F65, F66A–F66B, F/E67–F/E81 (F68-F73 and F78-F81 serve both US and international flights but E74-E77 are international only), F91, and F93. Two of the gates, E73 and E75, can accommodate the Airbus A380.

Along with the standard customs and immigration facilities, Terminal 1 also contains special customs "B" checkpoints along the international arrivals walkway. Passengers that are connecting from an international or trans-border arrival to another international (non-U.S.) departure in Terminal 1 go to one of these checkpoints for passport control and immigration checks, then are immediately directed to Pier F for departure. This alleviates the need to recheck bags, pass through security screening, and relieves congestion in the primary customs hall.^[25]

A large, 8-level parking garage with 9,000 parking spaces is located across from Terminal 1, and is connected to the terminal by several elevated and enclosed pedestrian walkways.^[22]

Terminal 1 is home to the ThyssenKrupp Express Walkway, the world's fastest moving walkway.^[26]

Terminal 3

The Grand Hall of Terminal 3

Terminal 3, which opened on February 21, 1991, was originally built to offset traffic from the former Aeroquay 1 and former Terminal 2. It is used by all SkyTeam and Oneworld airlines that serve Pearson, along with WestJet, Air Transat, Sunwing Airlines, and most other airlines that are unaffiliated with an airline alliance. The terminal has 100,000 square metres (1,100,000 sq ft) of floor space^[27] and features 48 gates: A1–A6, B1a-B1d, B2a-B2b, B3-B5, B7–B20, B22 and C24–C41.

Terminal 3 was designed by B+H Architects and Scott Associates Architects Inc.^[27] The terminal, initially referred to as "Trillium Terminal 3" or the "Trillium Terminal", was originally built as a private venture and was the base of operations for the now defunct Canadian Airlines.

In 1997, the GTAA purchased Terminal 3 and shortly thereafter implemented a C$350 million expansion.^[28] A team of coordinators known as T3RD oversaw the redevelopment and expansion of the terminal.^[29] In 2004, the Pier C Expansion opened, followed by the East Processor Extension (EPE) in June 2006, adding 40 check-in counters, new retail space, additional secure 'hold-screening' for baggage, and a huge picture window that offers one of the most convenient apron viewing locations at the airport. This phase of the expansion also included improved Canadian Border services and a more open arrivals hall. Phase II of the EPE was completed in 2007 and includes larger security screening areas and additional international baggage claim areas, while the West Processor Expansion Shell was completed in early 2008.

A 5-level parking garage with 4,200 parking spaces is located directly across from the terminal along with the The Sheraton Hotel, both of which are connected to Terminal 3 by an elevated pedestrian walkway.^[22][30]

Infield Terminal

The infield terminal was built to handle traffic displaced during the development and construction of the current Terminal 1.^[31] Its gates were opened in 2002 and 2003,^[32] and a first class lounge was opened in 2005.^[33] The terminal, also known as the IFT, has 11 gates (521 to 531). When it was in regular use, passengers were transported by bus between Terminal 1 and the IFT to reach their gates.^[32] Though currently not used for regular operations, plans are in place to reactivate it if necessary in the future to accommodate seasonal or overflow demand, or to provide additional capacity during future terminal building construction at the airport.

In December 2015, the terminal was upgraded to handle the Syrian refugees accepted into Canada and re-settling in the Greater Toronto Area.^[34]

The Infield Terminal is frequently used as a location to film major motion pictures and television productions.^[35]

Infrastructure and operations

Runways

There are currently five runways in operation at Toronto Pearson, aligned in both the east-west direction and the north-south direction. A large network of taxiways, collectively measuring over 40 kilometres (25 mi) in length,^[36] provides access between the runways and the passenger terminals, air cargo areas, and airline hangar areas.^[37]

Cockpit view of runway 06R

Number	Length	Width	ILS	Alignment
05/23	3,389 metres (11,119 ft)	60 metres (197 ft)	Cat. IIIa (05), Cat. I (23)	East-West
06L/24R	2,956 metres (9,698 ft)	60 metres (197 ft)	Cat. IIIa (6L), Cat. I (24R)	East-West
06R/24L	2,743 metres (8,999 ft)	60 metres (197 ft)	Cat. I (both directions)	East-West
15L/33R	3,368 metres (11,050 ft)	60 metres (197 ft)	Cat. I (both directions)	North-South
15R/33L	2,770 metres (9,088 ft)	60 metres (197 ft)	Cat. I (both directions)	North-South

Airfield operations

Pearson is home to Toronto Area Control Centre, one of seven Air Control Centres in Canada, all of which are operated by Nav Canada. The airport's main control tower is located within the infield operations area. Pearson is one of two airports in Canada with a Traffic Management Unit (TMU) to control planes on the apron areas.^[38] The TMU is located in the tower at Terminal 1.

The Greater Toronto Airports Authority Fire and Emergency Service has 2 fire stations to provide firefighting and rescue operations. The fire service has 5 crash tenders as well as two pumpers, an aerial ladder and heavy rescue unit. The fire service is supported by a crew of 80 firefighters.

Toronto Pearson Fire Rescue Unit 5

The airport's 115-member airfield maintenance unit is responsible for general maintenance and repairs at the airport. From mid-November to mid-April, the unit is in winter mode armed with a $38 million snow removal budget.^[39] The airport employs 94 pieces of snow clearance equipment, including 11 Vammas PSB series^[39] and 4 Oshkosh HT-Series^[40] snowplow units, along with 14 snow melters.^[41]

Pearson Airport's Central De-icing Facility is the largest in the world, servicing about 10,500 aircraft each winter.^[41] The six de-icing bays can handle up to 12 aircraft at a time, taking between 2 and 19 minutes per aircraft.^[42]

Cargo facilities

Toronto Pearson processes over 45% of total air cargo in Canada.^[43] There are three primary cargo facilities at the airport, known as The Cargo West Facilities, the VISTA Cargo area, and the FedEx cargo area.^[44]

The Cargo West Facilities (also known as the Infield Cargo Area) are located between runways 15L/33R and 15R/33L. The area includes three large buildings, a common use cargo apron, vehicle parking, and a truck maneuvering area. It is connected to the passenger terminal area by a four-lane vehicle tunnel.^[45] The VISTA cargo area (also known as Cargo East) is a privately owned and operated complex that is located north of Terminal 3. The VISTA cargo area consists of a multi-tenant facility organized in a U-shape with an adjacent cargo apron area.^[45] The FedEx Cargo area (also known as Cargo North) is the Canadian hub for FedEx Express. The site occupies an area on the north side of the airport lands near runway 05/23, and is home to two cargo buildings along with dedicated ramp space.^[45]

Other facilities

There are seven aircraft maintenance hangars located at Pearson Airport, operated by Air Canada, Air Transat, Westjet, and the GTAA which are used for line maintenance and routine aircraft inspections.^[45] At the north end of the airfield, there are numerous hangars for personal private jets and charter aircraft, along with VIP passenger terminal facilities and maintenance services for these aircraft.^[46]

The Greater Toronto Airports Authority maintains offices that are located on Convair Drive near the southeast corner of the airport. Cara Operations and CLS Catering Services both operate dedicated flight kitchen facilities at Pearson for airline catering services.^[45] Aviation fuel (Jet A-1) is supplied by Esso Avitat and Shell Aerocentre, which are both located at the infield area of the airport.^[45]

The Peel Regional Police is the primary law enforcement agency operating at Pearson Airport. The Airport Division is based at 2951 Convair Drive, on the southern perimeter of the airport adjacent to Highway 401.^[47] The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) also maintain a Pearson Airport Detachment, which provides federal police services. The Detachment is located at 255 Attwell Drive, east of the airport in Etobicoke.^[48]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

An Air Canada Boeing 777-200LR arriving at YYZ from Hong Kong

An Air France Airbus A340-300 taxiing for departure from YYZ to Paris

An Air Transat Airbus A310-300 arriving at YYZ from Glasgow

An Alitalia Airbus A330-200 arriving at YYZ from Rome

An American Airlines Boeing 737-800 taxiing for departure from YYZ to Miami

A British Airways Boeing 787-8 arriving at YYZ from London, with the Mississauga skyline in the background

An Emirates Airbus A380 arriving at YYZ from Dubai

An Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 787-8 ready for departure from YYZ to Addis Ababa

A Hainan Airlines Boeing 787-8 arriving at YYZ from Beijing

A KLM Boeing 747-400 arriving at YYZ from Amsterdam

A Turkish Airlines Boeing 777-300ER arriving at YYZ from Istanbul, with the Sheraton Hotel in the background

A WestJet Boeing 737-800 arriving at YYZ from Vancouver, with Terminal 1 and Terminal 3 both visible in the background

Airlines	Destinations	Terminal
Aer Lingus operated by ASL Airlines Ireland	Dublin	3
Aeroméxico	Mexico City	3
Air Canada	Amsterdam, Antigua, Aruba, Beijing–Capital, Bermuda, Bogotá, Boston, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Calgary, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Deer Lake, Delhi, Denver, Dubai–International, Edmonton, Fort McMurray, Frankfurt, Geneva, Grand Cayman, Halifax, Havana, Hong Kong, Istanbul–Atatürk, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Montréal–Trudeau, Munich, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, Ottawa, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Providenciales, Regina, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Rome–Fiumicino, St. John's (NL), Saint Lucia–Hewanorra, Salt Lake City (begins May 27, 2016),[49] San Francisco, Santiago de Chile, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Saskatoon, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon (resumes June 17, 2016),[50] Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney (AU), Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Tokyo–Haneda, Vancouver, Victoria, Winnipeg, Zürich Seasonal: Cozumel, Eagle/Vail, Gander, George Town/Exuma, Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, Madrid, Milan–Malpensa, Portland (OR) (resumes May 26, 2016),[49] Puerto Vallarta, San Juan, Tokyo–Narita, West Palm Beach	1
Air Canada Express	Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus (OH), Dallas/Fort Worth, Detroit, Fredericton, Harrisburg, Hartford, Houston–Intercontinental, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Kingston (ON), London (ON), Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Moncton, Montréal–Trudeau, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, North Bay, Ottawa, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Québec City, Raleigh/Durham, Rochester (NY), Saint John (NB), St. Louis, Sarnia, Sault Ste. Marie (ON), Sudbury, Syracuse, Thunder Bay, Timmins, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National, Windsor Seasonal: Atlantic City, Charlottetown, Denver, Mont Tremblant, Saskatoon, Regina	1
Air Canada Rouge	Barbados, Barcelona, Cancún, Cayo Coco, Dublin, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Grenada, Holguín, Kelowna, Kingston–Norman Manley, Las Vegas, Liberia, Lima, Miami, Montego Bay, Nassau, Orlando–International, Panama City, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Samaná, San Diego, San José de Costa Rica, Santa Clara, Sarasota, Sydney (NS), Tampa, Varadero Seasonal: Abbotsford, Athens, Budapest (begins June 10, 2016),[51] Charlottetown, Curaçao, Edinburgh, Glasgow (begins June 13, 2016),[52] Honolulu, Huatulco, La Romana, Lisbon, London–Gatwick (begins May 19, 2016),[53] Manchester (UK), Palm Springs (begins December 14, 2016),[54] Prague (begins May 29, 2016),[51] St. Maarten, Port of Spain (begins December 21, 2016),[54] San José del Cabo, St. Kitts, Venice–Marco Polo, Warsaw–Chopin (begins June 16, 2016)[51]	1
Air France	Paris–Charles de Gaulle	3
Air Transat	Cancún, Cayo Coco, Fort Lauderdale, Glasgow, Holguín, Lisbon, London–Gatwick, Manchester (UK), Montego Bay, Montréal–Trudeau, Orlando–International, Porto, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Samaná, Santa Clara, Varadero Seasonal: Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Birmingham (UK), Budapest, Calgary (begins May 24, 2016) Camaguey, Cayo Largo, Cozumel, Curaçao, Dublin, Faro, Huatulco, Lamezia Terme, La Romana, Las Vegas, Liberia, Panama City, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Prague, Puerto Vallarta, Rio Hato, Roatan, Rome–Fiumicino, Saint Lucia–Hewanorra, Saint Maarten, San José de Costa Rica, San José del Cabo, Venice–Marco Polo, Zagreb (begins June 14, 2016)[55]	3
Alitalia	Rome–Fiumicino	3
American Airlines	Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami	3
American Eagle	Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Philadelphia, Washington–National	3
Austrian Airlines	Vienna	1
Avianca Costa Rica	San Salvador	1
Azores Airlines	Lisbon, Ponta Delgada, Porto Seasonal: Terceira	3
British Airways	London–Heathrow	3
Brussels Airlines	Brussels	1
Caribbean Airlines	Kingston–Norman Manley, Port of Spain	3
Cathay Pacific	Hong Kong	3
China Eastern Airlines	Shanghai–Pudong	3
China Southern Airlines	Guangzhou (begins August 4, 2016)[56]	3
Condor	Seasonal: Frankfurt	3
Copa Airlines	Panama City	1
Cubana de Aviación	Camaguey, Cayo Largo, Cienfuegos, Havana, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba, Varadero, Santa Clara	3
Delta Air Lines	Atlanta, Salt Lake City (resumes May 27, 2016)[57] Seasonal: Detroit	3
Delta Connection	Atlanta, Cincinnati, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK	3
EgyptAir	Cairo	1
El Al	Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion	3
Emirates	Dubai–International	1
Ethiopian Airlines	Addis Ababa^a	1
Etihad Airways	Abu Dhabi	1
EVA Air	Taipei–Taoyuan	1
Fly Jamaica Airways	Georgetown–Cheddi Jagan, Kingston–Norman Manley	3
Hainan Airlines	Beijing–Capital	3
Icelandair	Reykjavík–Keflavík	3
Jet Airways	Amsterdam, Delhi	3
KLM	Amsterdam	3
Korean Air	Seoul–Incheon	3
LOT Polish Airlines	Warsaw–Chopin	1
Lufthansa	Frankfurt Seasonal: Munich	1
Pakistan International Airlines	Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore	3
Philippine Airlines	Manila^b	3
Saudia	Jeddah, Riyadh	3
Sunwing Airlines	Cancún, Cayo Coco, Freeport, Grenada, Halifax, Holguín, Las Vegas, Mazatlan, Montego Bay, Orlando–International, Panama City, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Río Hato, Saint Lucia–Hewanorra, San José del Cabo, Santa Clara, Varadero Seasonal: Aruba, Belize City, Camaguey, Cienfuegos, Cozumel, Curaçao, Fort Lauderdale, Gander, Huatulco, La Romana, Liberia, Manzanillo, Nassau, Porto, Roatán, San Juan, St. Maarten, St. Petersburg/Clearwater, San José de Costa Rica, Santiago de Cuba, Stephenville, Vancouver	3
TAM Airlines	New York–JFK, São Paulo–Guarulhos	3
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul–Atatürk	1
United Airlines	Chicago–O'Hare	1
United Express	Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, Washington–Dulles	1
WestJet	Antigua, Aruba, Barbados, Bermuda, Calgary, Cancún, Cayo Coco, Charlottetown, Deer Lake, Edmonton, Fort Lauderdale, Fort McMurray, Fort Myers, Grand Cayman, Halifax, Kelowna, Kingston–Norman Manley, Las Vegas, Liberia, London–Gatwick, Los Angeles (resumes June 29, 2016),[58] Moncton, Montego Bay, Montréal–Trudeau, Nassau, New York–LaGuardia, Orlando–International, Ottawa, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Port of Spain, Providenciales, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Québec City, Regina, San Juan, Santa Clara, St. John's (NL), Saint Lucia–Hewanorra, St. Maarten, Samaná, Saskatoon, Tampa, Vancouver, Varadero, Winnipeg Seasonal: Brandon (begins June 29, 2016),[59] Cozumel, Curaçao, Dublin, Gander, Glasgow, Holguín, Huatulco, La Romana, Mérida, Miami, Myrtle Beach, Palm Springs, San José de Costa Rica, San José del Cabo, Sarasota, Sydney (NS), Victoria, West Palm Beach	3
WestJet Encore	Boston, Fredericton, London (ON), Montréal–Trudeau, Ottawa, Québec City, Thunder Bay Seasonal: Nashville (begins June 15, 2016)[58]	3
WOW air	Reykjavík–Keflavík (begins May 11, 2016)[60]	3

Notes

• ^a : Ethiopian Airlines' flight from Addis Ababa to Toronto includes a technical stop at Dublin. Ethiopian Airlines does not have fifth freedom rights to transport passengers solely between Dublin and Toronto, and thus only carries passengers between Addis Ababa and Toronto.^[61] Ethiopian Airlines' flight from Toronto to Addis Ababa is nonstop.
• ^b : Philippine Airlines flights to/from Manila stop in Vancouver. However, Philippine Airlines does not have eighth freedom rights to transport passengers solely between Toronto and Vancouver, and thus only carries passengers traveling between Toronto and Manila.

Cargo

A Fedex Express Cessna 208 Caravan parked at the FedEx cargo area, with other FedEx Express aircraft in the background

Airlines	Destinations	Cargo Centre
Cathay Pacific Cargo	Anchorage, Hong Kong, New York–JFK	VISTA
Cubana Cargo operated by Cargojet	Havana	VISTA
FedEx Express	Indianapolis, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul	FedEx
FedEx Express operated by Morningstar Air Express	Calgary, Edmonton, Montréal–Mirabel, North Bay, Sault Ste. Marie (ON), Sudbury, Timmins, Vancouver, Winnipeg	FedEx
KF Cargo	Brussels, Calgary, Moncton, Vancouver	Cargo West
Korean Air Cargo	Anchorage, Seoul–Incheon	Cargo West
Lufthansa Cargo	Frankfurt	Cargo West
UPS Airlines	Louisville	VISTA

Ground transportation

Rail

UP Express

A UP Express train approaching Terminal 1 Station

The UP Express (Union Pearson Express) is an express airport rail link running between Pearson Airport and Union Station in Downtown Toronto. It connects to the airport at Toronto Pearson Terminal 1 Station, and provides a 25-minute travel time to Union Station.^[62] The first UP Express departure from Pearson to Union is at 5:27 a.m., with trains departing every 15 minutes throughout the day until the last departure to Union at 0:57 a.m., 7 days a week.^[63] The full adult fare for the UP Express from Pearson to Union is C$12.^[64]

Route	Destination	Service Times	Terminals Served	Schedule
Union Pearson Express
Union Pearson Express	Express rail service to Union Station in Downtown Toronto with stops at Weston and Bloor.	Daily (Every 15 minutes from 05:27–0:57)	Terminal 1. Same-platform transfer at Terminal 1 Station to LINK Train for Terminal 3 Station	[63]

LINK Train

The LINK Train approaching Terminal 1 Station

The LINK Train is an automated people mover at Pearson Airport that that runs between Terminal 1, Terminal 3, and the Viscount Value Park Lot. It connects to the airport at Toronto Pearson Terminal 1 Station and Toronto Pearson Terminal 3 Station. The LINK Train is a free service that operates every 4 to 8 minutes, 24 hours a day.^[65][66]

Route	Destination	Service Times	Terminals Served	Schedule
Terminal LINK Train
Terminal LINK Train	People mover service between Terminal 1 Station, Terminal 3 Station, and Viscount Station	Daily (Every 4 to 8 minutes, 24-hour service)	Terminals 1 and 3. Same-platform transfer to Union Pearson Express at Terminal 1 Station	[67]

Taxi

Taxis are available at all terminals, and are licensed by the City of Mississauga. Taxis that are licensed in Toronto can drop passengers off at Toronto Pearson, but only airport-licensed taxis and limos can pick up passengers at Toronto Pearson legally. Rides can also be prearranged, allowing for curbside pick up at either terminal.^[68] Pearson Airport Limousine companies use GTAA authorized out-of-town flat rates for pick-ups from Pearson Airport.^[69]

Bus

Public transit bus services are operated by Toronto Transit Commission, GO Transit, MiWay, and Brampton Transit, connecting Pearson Airport to the City of Toronto and other cities in the Greater Toronto Area.^[70] Fares vary depending on transit operator and destination.^{[71][72][73][74]}

A TTC 192 Airport Rocket express bus at Terminal 3

Route	Destination	Service Times	Terminals Served	Schedule
Toronto Transit Commission (TTC)
192 Airport Rocket	Express service to Kipling Station on the Bloor–Danforth Subway Line	Daily (Every 10 minutes from 05:29–02:11 Monday to Friday, 05:52–02:45 Saturday, 08:31–02:45 Sunday)	Terminals 1 and 3	[75]
52A Lawrence West	Local service along Dixon Road and Lawrence Avenue to Lawrence and Lawrence West stations on the Yonge–University Subway Line	Daily (Every 6 to 12 minutes from approximately 05:12–01:55)	Terminals 1 and 3	[76]
300A Bloor-Danforth	Runs express from the airport to Burnhamthorpe Road at Highway 427, then local service along Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue to Warden Avenue	Daily (Overnight only) (Every 20 to 30 minutes from 02:13–04:53 Monday to Friday, 02:23–05:23 Saturday, 02:23–08:28 Sunday)	Terminals 1 and 3	[77]
332 Eglinton West	Local service along Eglinton Avenue to Yonge Street	Daily (Overnight only) (Every 30 minutes from 02:29–04:59)	Terminals 1 and 3	[78]
352 Lawrence West	Local service along Dixon Road and Lawrence Avenue to Sunnybrook Hospital	Daily (Overnight only) (Every 30 minutes from 02:20–04:50)	Terminals 1 and 3	[79]
GO Transit
34 Pearson Airport-North York	Express service to Finch and Yorkdale TTC subway stations on the Yonge–University Subway Line	Daily (Every 30 to 60 minutes from 04:50–01:50)	Terminal 1	[80]
40 Hamilton-Richmond Hill	Express service to: Eastbound: Richmond Hill Centre bus terminal. Westbound: Square One Bus Terminal and Hamilton GO Centre	Daily (Every 30 to 60 minutes from 04:20–02:20 Eastbound, 04:35–02:35 Westbound)	Terminal 1	[80]
MiWay
7 Airport	Local service to: Southbound: City Centre. Northbound: Westwood Mall.	Daily	Terminal 1	[81]
107 Malton Express	Express service to: Southbound: City Centre. Northbound: Westwood Mall and Humber College North Campus.	Monday to Saturday	Viscount LINK Station	[81]
24 Northwest	Local service to: Southbound: Skymark Hub. Northbound: Westwood Mall.	Daily	Viscount LINK Station	[81]
57 Courtneypark	Local service from the airport's Infield Cargo area to: Northbound: Meadowvale Town Centre Southbound: Islington Station on the Bloor–Danforth Subway Line	Daily	None	[81]
59 Infield	Local service from Westwood Mall to the airport's Infield Cargo area	Monday to Friday	None	[81]
Brampton Transit
115 Airport Express	Semi-express service to Bramalea bus terminal	Daily	Terminal 1	[82]

Car

The airport is accessible from Highway 427 (just north of Highway 401) or from Highway 409, a spur off Highway 401 that leads directly into the airport. Airport Road to the north and Dixon Road to the east both provide local access to the airport.^[83] When drivers pick up or drop off guests at Toronto Pearson, they are permitted to stop momentarily outside the Arrivals and Departure areas at both terminals.

Car Rentals are available from several major car rental agencies located on Level 1 of the parking garages that are adjacent to both terminals.^[84] Car rentals are also available from several off-airport car rental agencies located at or near Viscount Station, which is accessible from both terminals via the LINK Train.^[84]

Shuttles

Pearson is served many out-of-town bus and van shuttle operators, offering transportation from the airport to cities, towns, and villages throughout Southern Ontario.^[85] Some operators offer connections to other airports in Ontario (John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport in Hamilton and London International Airport in London) and in the United States (Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Detroit, Michigan and Buffalo Niagara International Airport in Buffalo, New York).^[85]

From 1993 until 2014, the Toronto Airport Express was a privately operated airport shuttle bus service from the airport to downtown Toronto operated by Pacific Western Transportation. A one-way trip took approximately 45 to 90 minutes, depending on traffic. The service ceased operation on October 31, 2014.^[86]

Statistics

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic at Toronto Pearson International Airport
2003 through 2015

Year	Total passengers	% change	Domestic^c	% change	Transborder^c	% change	International^c	% change
2015[87]	41,036,847	6.4%	15,859,289	4.4%	11,154,435	6.2%	14,023,123	8.9%
2014[87]	38,571,961	6.8%	15,192,126	5.6%	10,506,070	6.8%	12,874,220	8.3%
2013[87]	36,107,306	3.4%	14,385,001	5.4%	9,838,121	3.9%	11,884,184	0.7%
2012[87]	34,911,850	4.4%	13,646,163	4.3%	9,464,858	5.4%	11,800,829	3.7%
2011[87]	33,435,277	4.7%	13,078,513	2.7%	8,979,103	4.1%	11,377,661	7.6%
2010[88]	31,936,098	5.2%	12,730,680	0.1%	8,628,851	6.9%	10,576,567	10.6%
2009[88]	30,368,339	-6.0%	12,730,047	-7.8%	8,074,027	-8.3%	9,564,265	-1.5%
2008[88]	32,334,831	2.8%	13,812,866	0.5%	8,805,898	-0.8%	9,716,067	10.1%
2007[88]	31,446,199	2.1%	13,744,155	3.3%	8,879,180	-0.3%	8,822,864	2.8%
2006[88]	30,794,581	2.9%	13,309,531	3.1%	8,906,324	1.2%	8,578,726	4.6%
2005[88]	29,914,750	4.5%	12,906,457	2.1%	8,803,505	4.5%	8,204,788	8.6%
2004[88]	28,615,981	15.7%	12,636,748	14.6%	8,422,537	15.1%	7,556,696	18%
2003[88]	24,739,312	––––	11,021,760	––––	7,316,287	––––	6,401,265	––––

Notes

• ^c : At Toronto Pearson and at other airports in Canada with United States border preclearance, a distinction is made between "transborder" and "international" flights for operational and statistical purposes. A "transborder" flight is a flight between Canada and a destination in the United States, while an "international" flight is a flight between Canada and a destination that is not within the United States or Canada. A "domestic" flight is a flight within Canada only.

Incidents and accidents

Mississauga skyline as seen from Terminal 1

• On October 3, 1959, Vickers Viscount CF-TGY of Trans-Canada Air Lines was written off when it landed short of the runway.^[89] No fatalities among the 38 on board.
• On June 13, 1964, Vickers Viscount CF-THT of Air Canada was damaged beyond economical repair when it crash-landed after the failure of two engines on approach.^[90]
• The airport's deadliest accident occurred on July 5, 1970, when Air Canada Flight 621, a DC-8 jet, flew on a Montreal–Toronto–Los Angeles route. The pilots inadvertently deployed spoilers before the plane attempted landing, forcing the pilots to abort landing and takeoff. Damage to the aircraft that was caused during the failed landing attempt caused the plane to break up in the air during the go-around, killing all 100 passengers and nine crew members on board when it crashed into a field southeast of Brampton. Controversy remains over the cleanup effort following the crash, as both plane wreckage debris and human remains from the crash are still found on the site.^[91]
• On August 30, 1970, Douglas C-47 CF-JRY of D G Harris Productions was damaged beyond economic repair in a storm.^[92]
• On June 26, 1978, Air Canada Flight 189 to Winnipeg overran the runway during an aborted takeoff, and crashed into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of the 107 passengers on board the DC-9 were killed.
• On June 22, 1983, Douglas C-47A C-GUBT of Skycraft Air Transport crashed on takeoff roll at Toronto International Airport while on an international cargo flight from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, Ohio. Both of the crew members were killed.^[93]
• On June 23, 1985, failure of adequate baggage screening systems at Toronto Pearson airport allowed a suitcase bomb to get loaded onto the Boeing 747-237B operating as Air India Flight 181 in Toronto. The bomb later brought down the plane above the Atlantic Ocean, killing everyone on board. Note: This plane made a stop over at Montreal Mirabel Airport to pick up more passengers, and had its flight re-designated as Flight 182 upon leaving Montreal en route to both London-Heathrow and New Delhi (without further baggage inspection).
• On August 2, 2005, Air France Flight 358, an Airbus A340-300 (registration F-GLZQ) inbound from Paris, landed on runway 24L during a severe thunderstorm, failed to stop, and ran off of the runway into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. The rear third of the plane burst into flames, eventually engulfing the whole plane except the cockpit and wings. There were 12 serious injuries, but no fatalities. The investigation predominantly blamed pilot error when faced with the severe weather conditions.

See also

• CFBN
• World's busiest airports by passenger traffic

References

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External links

• Toronto Pearson International Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Official website
• Malton: Farms to Flying Book by Kathleen A. Hicks - PDF
• Airport Wayfinder: Interactive video guide and detailed informations about Toronto-Pearson International Airport.

• Past three hours METARs, SPECI and current TAFs for Toronto Pearson International Airport from Nav Canada as available.