103rd United States Congress
| 103rd United States Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The One Hundred Third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1993, to January 3, 1995, during the first two years of Bill Clinton's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Major events
- January 20, 1993: Bill Clinton succeeded George H.W. Bush as President of the United States.
- February 26, 1993: World Trade Center bombing: In New York City, a van bomb parked below the North Tower of the World Trade Center exploded, killing 6 and injuring over 1,000.
- February 28, 1993: Waco siege: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents raided the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, with a warrant to arrest leader David Koresh on federal firearms violations. Four agents and 5 Davidians died in the raid.
- April 19, 1993: Waco siege: The 51-day standoff ended with a fire that killed 76 people, including Koresh.
- October 3, 1993: Operation Gothic Serpent: In Mogadishu, Somalia, two U.S. Army UH-60 Blackhawks were shot down and the operation left over 1000 Somalians dead and over 73 Americans WIA, 19 KIA, and 1 captured.
- January 17, 1994: 1994 Northridge earthquake: A magnitude 6.7 quake hit the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles at 4:31 a.m., killing 72 and leaving 26,029 homeless.
- February 22, 1994: Aldrich Ames and his wife were arrested for spying for the Soviet Union.
- February 28, 1994: 4 United States fighter jets shot down 4 Serbian jets over Bosnia and Herzegovina for violating Operation Deny Flight and its no-fly zone.
- September 19, 1994: Operation Uphold Democracy: American troops staged a bloodless invasion of Haiti to restore the elected President to power.
- October 1, 1994: Palau achieved independence and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
- November 8, 1994: Republican Revolution: The Republican Party won control of both the House and the Senate in midterm congressional elections, the first time in 40 years the Republicans secured control of both houses of Congress.
Major legislation
- February 5, 1993: Family and Medical Leave Act, Pub.L. 103–3, 107 Stat. 6
- May 20, 1993: National Voter Registration Act of 1993, Pub.L. 103–31, 107 Stat. 77
- August 10, 1993: Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, Pub.L. 103–66, 107 Stat. 312
- November 16, 1993: Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Pub.L. 103–141, 107 Stat. 1488
- November 30, 1993: Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (Brady Bill), Pub.L. 103–159, title I, 107 Stat. 1536
- November 30, 1993: Don't ask, don't tell (as § 574 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994), Pub.L. 103–160, 107 Stat. 1670
- December 8, 1993: North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, Pub.L. 103–182, 107 Stat. 2057
- May 26, 1994: Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, Pub.L. 103–259, 108 Stat. 694
- September 13, 1994: Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (including the Violence Against Women Act and the Federal Assault Weapons Ban), Pub.L. 103–322, 108 Stat. 1796
- September 23, 1994: Community Development, Credit Enhancement, and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994, Pub.L. 103–325
Party summary
Senate
Senate party standings on the opening day of Congress
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 57 | 43 | 100 | 0 |
| Begin | 57 | 43 | 100 | 0 |
| End | 53 | 47 | ||
| Final voting share | 53.0% | 47.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 47 | 53 | 100 | 0 |
House of Representatives
| House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
|---|---|
80.1–100% Democratic |
80.1–100% Republican |
60.1–80% Democratic |
60.1–80% Republican |
50.1–60% Democratic |
50.1–60% Republican |
| striped: 50–50 split | |
| 1 independent | |
| Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) |
Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Independent | Republican | Vacant | ||
| End of the previous Congress | 270 | 1 | 164 | 435 | 0 |
| Begin | 258 | 1 | 176 | 435 | 0 |
| End | 256 | 177 | 434 | 1 | |
| Final voting share | 59.2% | 40.8% | |||
| Non-voting members | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Beginning of the next Congress | 204 | 1 | 230 | 435 | 0 |
Leadership
Senate
President pro tempore of Senate
Robert Byrd (D)
Robert Byrd (D)
- President: Dan Quayle (R), until January 20, 1993
- Al Gore (D), from January 20, 1993
- President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader and Policy Committee Chairman: George Mitchell
- Majority Whip: Wendell Ford
- Senatorial Campaign Committee Chair: Bob Graham
- Caucus Secretary: David Pryor
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Bob Dole
- Minority Whip: Alan Simpson
- Conference Chairman: Thad Cochran
- Policy Committee Chairman: Don Nickles
- Conference Vice Chair: Trent Lott
- National Senatorial Committee Chair: Phil Gramm
House of Representatives
Speaker of the House
Tom Foley (D)
Tom Foley (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Dick Gephardt
- Majority Whip: David Bonior
- Caucus Chairman: Steny Hoyer
- Caucus Vice-Chairman: Vic Fazio
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Bob Michel
- Minority Whip: Newt Gingrich
- Chief Deputy Whip: Bob Walker
- Conference Chair: Dick Armey
- Conference Vice-Chair: Bill McCollum
- Conference Secretary: Tom DeLay
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress.
House of Representatives
Contents
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- Non-voting members
Changes in membership
Senate
| State (class) | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas (1) |
Lloyd Bentsen (D) | Resigned January 20, 1993, to become United States Secretary of the Treasury. His successor was appointed. |
Bob Krueger (D) | January 21, 1993 |
| Texas (1) |
Bob Krueger (D) | Interim appointee lost special election June 6, 1993. His successor was elected to finish the term. |
Kay Bailey Hutchison (R) | June 14, 1993 |
| Alabama (3) |
Richard Shelby (D) | Changed party November 9, 1994 | Richard Shelby (R) | November 9, 1994 |
| Oklahoma (2) |
David L. Boren (D) | Resigned November 15, 1994, to become President of the University of Oklahoma. His successor was elected in a special election to finish the term. |
Jim Inhofe (R) | November 17, 1994 |
| Tennessee (2) |
Harlan Mathews (D) | Interim appointee did not seek election. His successor was elected in a special election November 8, 1994, to finish the term. |
Fred Thompson (R) | December 2, 1994 |
House of Representatives
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wisconsin's 1st | Les Aspin (D) | Resigned to January 20, 1993, become United States Secretary of Defense | Peter W. Barca (D) | May 4, 1993 |
| Mississippi's 2nd | Mike Espy (D) | Resigned January 22, 1993, to become United States Secretary of Agriculture | Bennie Thompson (D) | April 13, 1993 |
| California's 17th | Leon Panetta (D) | Resigned January 23, 1993, to become Director of the Office of Management and Budget | Sam Farr (D) | June 8, 1993 |
| Ohio 2nd | Bill Gradison (R) | Resigned January 31, 1993, to become president of the Health Insurance Association of America | Rob Portman (R) | May 4, 1993 |
| Michigan 3rd | Paul B. Henry (R) | Died July 31, 1993 | Vern Ehlers (R) | December 7, 1993 |
| Oklahoma's 6th | Glenn English (D) | Resigned January 7, 1994, to become CEO of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association | Frank Lucas (R) | May 10, 1994 |
| Kentucky's 2nd | William H. Natcher (D) | Died March 29, 1994 | Ron Lewis (R) | May 24, 1994 |
| New Jersey 11th | Dean Gallo (R) | Died November 6, 1994 | Vacant for remainder of term | |
| Oklahoma's 1st | Jim Inhofe (R) | Resigned November 15, 1994, when elected to the U.S. Senate | Steve Largent (R) | November 29, 1994 |
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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