98th United States Congress
| 98th United States Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Ninety-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1983 to January 3, 1985, during the third and fourth years of Ronald Reagan's Presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980. The Republicans controlled the Senate, while the Democrats controlled the House of Representatives.
Major events
Main articles: 1983 in the United States and 1984 in the United States
- February 24, 1983: A special commission of the Congress released a report critical of the practice of Japanese internment during World War II.
- March 23, 1983: President Ronald Reagan made his Strategic Defense Initiative proposal.
- April 18, 1983: U.S. Embassy bombed in Beirut, killing 63 people.
- October 23, 1983: Simultaneous suicide truck-bombings destroyed both the French and the United States Marine Corps barracks in Beirut, killing 241 U.S. servicemen, 58 French paratroopers and 6 Lebanese civilians.
- October 25, 1983: United States troops invaded Grenada
- November 6, 1984:
- United States presidential election, 1984: Re-election of Ronald Reagan
- United States Senate elections, 1984: Republicans retained Senate, but lost 2 seats
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1984: Democrats retained House, but lost 16 seats
Major legislation
- April 20, 1983: Social Security Amendments of 1983, Pub.L. 98–21
- November 2, 1983: Martin Luther King, Jr. Day law, Pub.L. 98–399
- July 17, 1984: National Minimum Drinking Age Act, Pub.L. 98–363
- September 28, 1984: Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, Pub.L. 98–435
- October 12, 1984: Comprehensive Crime Control Act, Pub.L. 98–473, title II
- October 19, 1984: National Archives and Records Administration Act, Pub.L. 98–497
- October 19, 1984: Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act of 1984, Pub.L. 98–499
Party summary
Senate
Party standings at the end of the 98th Congress
| Affiliation | Members | |
|---|---|---|
| Republican Party | 54, then 55 | |
| Democratic Party | 46, then 45 | |
| Total | 100 | |
House of Representatives
| House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
|---|---|
80.1–100% Democratic |
80.1–100% Republican |
60.1–80% Democratic |
60.1–80% Republican |
50.1–60% Democratic |
50.1–60% Republican |
| striped: 50–50 split | |
| Affiliation | Members | Voting share | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 272 | 62.5% | |
| Republican Party | 163 | 37.5% | |
| Total | 435 | ||
Leadership
Senate
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Howard Baker
- Majority Whip: Ted Stevens
- Republican Conference Chairman: James A. McClure
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Jim Wright
- Majority Whip: Tom Foley
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Gillis William Long
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel
- Minority Whip: Trent Lott
- Republican Conference Chairman: Jack Kemp
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with approximately one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
Senate
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Washington (1) |
Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson (D) | Died September 1, 1983. Evans was then appointed to the seat before winning the special election on November 3, 1983. | Daniel J. Evans (R) | September 12, 1983 |
| Massachusetts (2) |
Paul Tsongas (D) | Resigned January 2, 1985. Kerry was elected for next term but was installed early to fill vacancy. | John Kerry (D) | January 2, 1985 |
House of Representatives
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York's 7th | Benjamin S. Rosenthal (D) | Died January 4, 1983 | Gary Ackerman (D) | March 1, 1983 |
| Texas's 6th | Phil Gramm (D) | Resigned January 5, 1983 after being removed from the House Budget Committee for supporting President Ronald Reagan's tax cuts, and then elected to fill his own vacancy | Phil Gramm (R) | February 12, 1983 |
| California's 5th | Phillip Burton (D) | Died April 10, 1983 | Sala Burton (D) | June 21, 1983 |
| Illinois's 1st | Harold Washington (D) | Resigned April 30, 1983 after being installed as Mayor of Chicago | Charles Hayes (D) | August 23, 1983 |
| Georgia's 7th | Larry McDonald (D) | Died September 1, 1983 | George Darden (D) | November 8, 1983 |
| Wisconsin's 4th | Clement J. Zablocki (D) | Died December 3, 1983 | Jerry Kleczka (D) | April 3, 1984 |
| New Jersey's 13th | Edwin B. Forsythe (R) | Died March 29, 1984 | Jim Saxton (R) | November 6, 1984 |
| Florida's 10th | Andy Ireland (D) | Changed party affiliation July 5, 1984 | Andy Ireland (R) | July 5, 1984 |
| Kentucky's 7th | Carl D. Perkins (D) | Died August 3, 1984 | Carl C. Perkins (D) | November 6, 1984 |
| Illinois's 14th | Tom Corcoran (R) | Resigned November 28, 1984 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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