CCL4

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4
PDB rendering based on 1hum.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1HUM​, 1HUN​, 1JE4​, 2FFK​, 2FIN​, 2X6L​, 3TN2​, 4RAL​
Identifiers
Symbols	CCL4 ; ACT2; AT744.1; G-26; HC21; LAG-1; LAG1; MIP-1-beta; MIP1B; MIP1B1; SCYA2; SCYA4
External IDs	OMIM: 182284 MGI: 98261 HomoloGene: 48153 GeneCards: CCL4 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • cytokine activity • protein binding • chemokine activity • CCR1 chemokine receptor binding • CCR5 chemokine receptor binding • identical protein binding Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space Biological process • monocyte chemotaxis • movement of cell or subcellular component • inflammatory response • immune response • cell adhesion • establishment or maintenance of cell polarity • signal transduction • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • cell-cell signaling • response to virus • response to toxic substance • neutrophil chemotaxis • positive regulation of GTPase activity • negative regulation by host of viral transcription • eosinophil chemotaxis • positive regulation of inflammatory response • positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling • positive regulation of calcium ion transport • chemokine-mediated signaling pathway • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • cellular response to interferon-gamma • cellular response to interleukin-1 • cellular response to tumor necrosis factor • positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6351	20303
Ensembl	ENSG00000275302	ENSMUSG00000018930
UniProt	P13236	P14097
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002984	NM_013652
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002975	NP_038680
Location (UCSC)	Chr 17: 36.1 – 36.11 Mb	Chr 11: 83.66 – 83.66 Mb
PubMed search

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, also known as CCL4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL4 gene.^[1]

Function

CCL4, also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) is a CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 receptors. It is a chemoattractant for natural killer cells, monocytes and a variety of other immune cells.^[2]

CCL4 is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T cells.^[3]

Perforin-low memory CD8+ T cells that normally synthesize MIP-1-beta.^[4]

Interactions

CCL4 has been shown to interact with CCL3.^[5]

See also

• Macrophage inflammatory protein

References

1. Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J, McBride OW, Morton CC, Burd PR, Siebenlist U, Kelly K (June 1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (11): 3261–70. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMC 330932. PMID 1972563.
2. Bystry RS, Aluvihare V, Welch KA, Kallikourdis M, Betz AG (December 2001). "B cells and professional APCs recruit regulatory T cells via CCL4". Nat. Immunol. 2 (12): 1126–32. doi:10.1038/ni735. PMID 11702067.
3. Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P (December 1995). "Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells". Science 270 (5243): 1811–5. doi:10.1126/science.270.5243.1811. PMID 8525373.
4. Kamin-Lewis R, Abdelwahab SF, Trang C, Baker A, DeVico AL, Gallo RC, Lewis GK (July 2001). "Perforin-low memory CD8+ cells are the predominant T cells in normal humans that synthesize the β-chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1β". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (16): 9283–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.161298998. PMC 55412. PMID 11470920.
5. Guan, E; Wang J; Norcross M A (Apr 2001). "Identification of human macrophage inflammatory proteins 1alpha and 1beta as a native secreted heterodimer". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (15): 12404–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006327200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11278300.

Further reading

• Menten P, Wuyts A, Van Damme J (2002). "Macrophage inflammatory protein-1". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13 (6): 455–81. doi:10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00045-X. PMID 12401480.
• Muthumani K, Desai BM, Hwang DS; et al. (2004). "HIV-1 Vpr and anti-inflammatory activity". DNA Cell Biol. 23 (4): 239–47. doi:10.1089/104454904773819824. PMID 15142381.
• Conti L, Fantuzzi L, Del Cornò M; et al. (2005). "Immunomodulatory effects of the HIV-1 gp120 protein on antigen presenting cells: implications for AIDS pathogenesis". Immunobiology 209 (1–2): 99–115. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2004.02.008. PMID 15481145.
• Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (2005). "Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 87–94. doi:10.2174/1570162052773013. PMID 15638726.
• Zhao RY, Elder RT (2005). "Viral infections and cell cycle G2/M regulation". Cell Res. 15 (3): 143–9. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290279. PMID 15780175.
• Zhao RY, Bukrinsky M, Elder RT (2005). "HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) & host cellular responses". Indian J. Med. Res. 121 (4): 270–86. PMID 15817944.
• Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD; et al. (2006). "Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions". Cell Res. 15 (11–12): 923–34. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290370. PMID 16354571.
• King JE, Eugenin EA, Buckner CM, Berman JW (2006). "HIV tat and neurotoxicity". Microbes Infect. 8 (5): 1347–57. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.11.014. PMID 16697675.
• Napolitano M, Modi WS, Cevario SJ; et al. (1991). "The gene encoding the Act-2 cytokine. Genomic structure, HTLV-I/Tax responsiveness of 5' upstream sequences, and chromosomal localization". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (26): 17531–6. PMID 1894635.
• Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J; et al. (1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (11): 3261–70. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMC 330932. PMID 1972563.
• Baixeras E, Roman-Roman S, Jitsukawa S; et al. (1991). "Cloning and expression of a lymphocyte activation gene (LAG-1)". Mol. Immunol. 27 (11): 1091–102. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(90)90097-J. PMID 2247088.
• Lipes MA, Napolitano M, Jeang KT; et al. (1989). "Identification, cloning, and characterization of an immune activation gene". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (24): 9704–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.24.9704. PMC 282843. PMID 2462251.
• Brown KD, Zurawski SM, Mosmann TR, Zurawski G (1989). "A family of small inducible proteins secreted by leukocytes are members of a new superfamily that includes leukocyte and fibroblast-derived inflammatory agents, growth factors, and indicators of various activation processes". J. Immunol. 142 (2): 679–87. PMID 2521353.
• Zipfel PF, Balke J, Irving SG; et al. (1989). "Mitogenic activation of human T cells induces two closely related genes which share structural similarities with a new family of secreted factors". J. Immunol. 142 (5): 1582–90. PMID 2521882.
• Chang HC, Reinherz EL (1989). "Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a putative cytokine which is induced by stimulation via the CD2 structure on human T lymphocytes". Eur. J. Immunol. 19 (6): 1045–51. doi:10.1002/eji.1830190614. PMID 2568930.
• Miller MD, Hata S, De Waal Malefyt R, Krangel MS (1989). "A novel polypeptide secreted by activated human T lymphocytes". J. Immunol. 143 (9): 2907–16. PMID 2809212.
• Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD; et al. (1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence" (PDF). Nature 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID 7566098.
• Post TW, Bozic CR, Rothenberg ME; et al. (1995). "Molecular characterization of two murine eosinophil beta chemokine receptors". J. Immunol. 155 (11): 5299–305. PMID 7594543.
• Combadiere C, Ahuja SK, Murphy PM (1995). "Cloning and functional expression of a human eosinophil CC chemokine receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (28): 16491–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.28.16491. PMID 7622448.
• Paolini JF, Willard D, Consler T; et al. (1994). "The chemokines IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and I-309 are monomers at physiologically relevant concentrations". J. Immunol. 153 (6): 2704–17. PMID 8077676.