Interleukin 9

Interleukin 9
Identifiers
Symbols	IL9 ; HP40; IL-9; P40
External IDs	OMIM: 146931 MGI: 96563 HomoloGene: 492 GeneCards: IL9 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • cytokine activity • interleukin-9 receptor binding • growth factor activity Cellular component • extracellular space Biological process • inflammatory response • immune response • positive regulation of cell proliferation • positive regulation of cell growth • positive regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3578	16198
Ensembl	ENSG00000145839	ENSMUSG00000021538
UniProt	P15248	P15247
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000590	NM_008373
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000581	NP_032399
Location (UCSC)	Chr 5: 135.89 – 135.9 Mb	Chr 13: 56.48 – 56.48 Mb
PubMed search

Interleukin 9, also known as IL-9, is a cytokine (cell signalling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins.^[1]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced by T-cells and specifically by CD4+ helper cells that acts as a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells. This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the interleukin-9 receptor (IL9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.^[1]

Interleukin-9 has also shown to inhibit melanoma growth in mice.^[2]

References

1. "Entrez Gene: IL9 interleukin 9".
2. Purwar R, Schlapbach C, Xiao S, Kang HS, Elyaman W, Jiang X, Jetten AM, Khoury SJ, Fuhlbrigge RC, Kuchroo VK, Clark RA, Kupper TS (July 2012). "Robust tumor immunity to melanoma mediated by interleukin-9-producing T cells". Nat. Med. 18 (8): 1248–53. doi:10.1038/nm.2856. PMC 3518666. PMID 22772464. Lay summary – medicalxpress.com.

Further reading

• Renauld JC, Houssiau F, Louahed J, et al. (1993). "Interleukin-9". Adv. Immunol. Advances in Immunology 54: 79–97. doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60533-7. ISBN 978-0-12-022454-8. PMID 8379467.
• Knoops L, Renauld JC (2005). "IL-9 and its receptor: from signal transduction to tumorigenesis". Growth Factors 22 (4): 207–15. doi:10.1080/08977190410001720879. PMID 15621723.
• Modi WS, Pollock DD, Mock BA, et al. (1991). "Regional localization of the human glutaminase (GLS) and interleukin-9 (IL9) genes by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 57 (2–3): 114–6. doi:10.1159/000133126. PMID 1680606.
• Kelleher K, Bean K, Clark SC, et al. (1991). "Human interleukin-9: genomic sequence, chromosomal location, and sequences essential for its expression in human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-I-transformed human T cells". Blood 77 (7): 1436–41. PMID 1901233.
• Holbrook ST, Ohls RK, Schibler KR, et al. (1991). "Effect of interleukin-9 on clonogenic maturation and cell-cycle status of fetal and adult hematopoietic progenitors". Blood 77 (10): 2129–34. PMID 1903074.
• Merz H, Houssiau FA, Orscheschek K, et al. (1991). "Interleukin-9 expression in human malignant lymphomas: unique association with Hodgkin's disease and large cell anaplastic lymphoma". Blood 78 (5): 1311–7. PMID 1908723.
• Renauld JC, Goethals A, Houssiau F, et al. (1990). "Human P40/IL-9. Expression in activated CD4+ T cells, genomic organization, and comparison with the mouse gene". J. Immunol. 144 (11): 4235–41. PMID 1971295.
• Renauld JC, Goethals A, Houssiau F, et al. (1991). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human homolog of mouse T cell and mast cell growth factor P40". Cytokine 2 (1): 9–12. doi:10.1016/1043-4666(90)90037-T. PMID 2129501.
• Yang YC, Ricciardi S, Ciarletta A, et al. (1989). "Expression cloning of cDNA encoding a novel human hematopoietic growth factor: human homologue of murine T-cell growth factor P40". Blood 74 (6): 1880–4. PMID 2508790.
• Yin T, Keller SR, Quelle FW, et al. (1995). "Interleukin-9 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 via JAK tyrosine kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (35): 20497–502. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.35.20497. PMID 7544789.
• Postma DS, Bleecker ER, Amelung PJ, et al. (1995). "Genetic susceptibility to asthma--bronchial hyperresponsiveness coinherited with a major gene for atopy". N. Engl. J. Med. 333 (14): 894–900. doi:10.1056/NEJM199510053331402. PMID 7666875.
• Le Beau MM, Espinosa R, Neuman WL, et al. (1993). "Cytogenetic and molecular delineation of the smallest commonly deleted region of chromosome 5 in malignant myeloid diseases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (12): 5484–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.12.5484. PMC 46745. PMID 8516290.
• Demoulin JB, Uyttenhove C, Van Roost E, et al. (1996). "A single tyrosine of the interleukin-9 (IL-9) receptor is required for STAT activation, antiapoptotic activity, and growth regulation by IL-9". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (9): 4710–6. PMC 231471. PMID 8756628.
• Nicolaides NC, Holroyd KJ, Ewart SL, et al. (1998). "Interleukin 9: A candidate gene for asthma". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (24): 13175–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.24.13175. PMC 24282. PMID 9371819.
• Demoulin JB, Van Roost E, Stevens M, et al. (1999). "Distinct roles for STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in differentiation gene induction and apoptosis inhibition by interleukin-9". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (36): 25855–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.36.25855. PMID 10464327.
• Lejeune D, Demoulin JB, Renauld JC (2001). "Interleukin 9 induces expression of three cytokine signal inhibitors: cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein, suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-2 and SOCS-3, but only SOCS-3 overexpression suppresses interleukin 9 signalling". Biochem. J. 353 (Pt 1): 109–116. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3530109. PMC 1221548. PMID 11115404.
• Little FF, Cruikshank WW, Center DM (2001). "Il-9 stimulates release of chemotactic factors from human bronchial epithelial cells". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 25 (3): 347–52. doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.25.3.4349. PMID 11588013.
• Toda M, Tulic MK, Levitt RC, Hamid Q (2002). "A calcium-activated chloride channel (HCLCA1) is strongly related to IL-9 expression and mucus production in bronchial epithelium of patients with asthma". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 109 (2): 246–50. doi:10.1067/mai.2002.121555. PMID 11842292.
• Pilette C, Ouadrhiri Y, Van Snick J, et al. (2002). "IL-9 inhibits oxidative burst and TNF-alpha release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes through TGF-beta". J. Immunol. 168 (8): 4103–11. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.8.4103. PMID 11937570.