EPH receptor A4

EPH receptor A4
PDB rendering based on 1b0x.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2LW8​, 2WO1​, 2WO2​, 2WO3​, 3CKH​, 3GXU​, 4BK4​, 4BK5​, 4BKA​, 4BKF​, 4M4P​, 4M4R​, 4W4Z​, 4W50​
Identifiers
Symbols	EPHA4 ; HEK8; SEK; TYRO1
External IDs	OMIM: 602188 MGI: 98277 HomoloGene: 20933 ChEMBL: 3988 GeneCards: EPHA4 Gene
EC number	2.7.10.1
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein kinase activity • GPI-linked ephrin receptor activity • transmembrane-ephrin receptor activity • protein binding • ATP binding • PH domain binding • identical protein binding • ephrin receptor binding • DH domain binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • mitochondrial outer membrane • endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • cell surface • postsynaptic density • cell junction • filopodium • axon • dendrite • neuromuscular junction • early endosome membrane • dendritic spine • perikaryon • axon terminus • axonal growth cone • postsynaptic membrane Biological process • cell adhesion • axon guidance • adult walking behavior • motor neuron axon guidance • glial cell migration • peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation • corticospinal tract morphogenesis • regulation of GTPase activity • positive regulation of JUN kinase activity • protein autophosphorylation • ephrin receptor signaling pathway • negative regulation of axon regeneration • regulation of astrocyte differentiation • regulation of axonogenesis • positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis • regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis • nephric duct morphogenesis • fasciculation of sensory neuron axon • fasciculation of motor neuron axon • positive regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2043	13838
Ensembl	ENSG00000116106	ENSMUSG00000026235
UniProt	P54764	Q03137
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001304536	NM_007936
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001291465	NP_031962
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 221.42 – 221.57 Mb	Chr 1: 77.37 – 77.52 Mb
PubMed search

EPH receptor A4 (ephrin type-A receptor 4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA4 gene.^[1][2]

This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands.^[2]

In 2012, a publication in Nature medicine revealed a connection between EPHA4 and the neurodegenerative disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where a defective gene allows ALS patients to live considerably longer than patients with an intact gene. This opens up for development of treatment for this, currently untreatable, disease.

References

1. Ephnomenclaturecommittee (Sep 1997). "Unified nomenclature for Eph family receptors and their ligands, the ephrins. Eph Nomenclature Committee". Cell 90 (3): 403–4. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80500-0. PMID 9267020.
2. "Entrez Gene: EPHA4 EPH receptor A4".

Further reading

• Flanagan JG, Vanderhaeghen P (1998). "The ephrins and Eph receptors in neural development". Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 21: 309–45. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.309. PMID 9530499.
• Zhou R (1998). "The Eph family receptors and ligands". Pharmacol. Ther. 77 (3): 151–81. doi:10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00112-5. PMID 9576626.
• Holder N, Klein R (1999). "Eph receptors and ephrins: effectors of morphogenesis". Development 126 (10): 2033–44. PMID 10207129.
• Wilkinson DG (2000). "Eph receptors and ephrins: regulators of guidance and assembly; Chapter: Eph receptors and ephrins: Regulators of guidance and assembly". Int. Rev. Cytol. International Review of Cytology 196: 177–244. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(00)96005-4. ISBN 978-0-12-364600-2. PMID 10730216.
• Xu Q, Mellitzer G, Wilkinson DG (2001). "Roles of Eph receptors and ephrins in segmental patterning". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 355 (1399): 993–1002. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0635. PMC 1692797. PMID 11128993.
• Wilkinson DG (2001). "Multiple roles of EPH receptors and ephrins in neural development". Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2 (3): 155–64. doi:10.1038/35058515. PMID 11256076.
• Fox GM, Holst PL, Chute HT; et al. (1995). "cDNA cloning and tissue distribution of five human EPH-like receptor protein-tyrosine kinases". Oncogene 10 (5): 897–905. PMID 7898931.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Ellis C, Kasmi F, Ganju P; et al. (1996). "A juxtamembrane autophosphorylation site in the Eph family receptor tyrosine kinase, Sek, mediates high affinity interaction with p59fyn". Oncogene 12 (8): 1727–36. PMID 8622893.
• Gale NW, Holland SJ, Valenzuela DM; et al. (1996). "Eph receptors and ligands comprise two major specificity subclasses and are reciprocally compartmentalized during embryogenesis". Neuron 17 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80276-7. PMID 8755474.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Aasheim HC, Terstappen LW, Logtenberg T (1997). "Regulated expression of the Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinase Hek11 in early human B lymphopoiesis". Blood 90 (9): 3613–22. PMID 9345045.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K; et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Bergemann AD, Zhang L, Chiang MK; et al. (1998). "Ephrin-B3, a ligand for the receptor EphB3, expressed at the midline of the developing neural tube". Oncogene 16 (4): 471–80. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201557. PMID 9484836.
• Janis LS, Cassidy RM, Kromer LF (1999). "Ephrin-A binding and EphA receptor expression delineate the matrix compartment of the striatum". J. Neurosci. 19 (12): 4962–71. PMID 10366629.