CXCL3

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3
Identifiers
Symbols	CXCL3 ; CINC-2b; GRO3; GROg; MIP-2b; MIP2B; SCYB3
External IDs	OMIM: 139111 HomoloGene: 117695 GeneCards: CXCL3 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • chemokine activity • CXCR chemokine receptor binding Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space Biological process • positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis • inflammatory response • immune response • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • neutrophil chemotaxis • response to lipopolysaccharide • regulation of cell proliferation • chemokine-mediated signaling pathway Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2921	20310
Ensembl	ENSG00000163734	ENSMUSG00000058427
UniProt	P19876	P10889
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002090	NM_009140
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002081	NP_033166
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4: 74.04 – 74.04 Mb	Chr 5: 90.9 – 90.91 Mb
PubMed search

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 (CXCL3) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as GRO3 oncogene (GRO3), GRO protein gamma (GROg) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2-beta (MIP2b). CXCL3 controls migration and adhesion of monocytes and mediates its effects on its target cell by interacting with a cell surface chemokine receptor called CXCR2.^[1][2] More recently, it has been shown that Cxcl3 regulates cell autonomously the migration of the precursors of cerebellar granule neurons toward the internal layers of cerebellum, during the morphogenesis of cerebellum. ^[3] Moreover, if the expression of Cxcl3 is reduced in cerebellar granule neuron precursors, this highly enhances the frequency of the medulloblastoma, the tumor of cerebellum. In fact, the reduced expression of Cxcl3 forces the cerebellar granule neuron precursors to remain at the surface of the cerebellum, where they highly proliferate under the stimulus of Sonic hedgehog, becoming target of transforming insults. Remarkably, the treatment with CXCL3 reduces the area of medulloblastoma lesions in a mouse model of medulloblastoma. Thus, CXCL3 is a potential target for medulloblastoma therapy. Cxcl3 is directly regulated transcriptionally by BTG2 ^[3]

The gene for CXCL3 is located on chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.^[4]

References

1. Smith DF, Galkina E, Ley K, Huo Y (November 2005). "GRO family chemokines are specialized for monocyte arrest from flow". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289 (5): H1976–84. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00153.2005. PMID 15937099.
2. Ahuja SK, Murphy PM (August 1996). "The CXC chemokines growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) alpha, GRObeta, GROgamma, neutrophil-activating peptide-2, and epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 are potent agonists for the type B, but not the type A, human interleukin-8 receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (34): 20545–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.34.20545. PMID 8702798.
3. Farioli-Vecchioli S, Cinà I, Ceccarelli M, Micheli L, Leonardi L, Ciotti MT, De Bardi M, Di Rocco C, Pallini R, Cavallaro S, Tirone F (October 2012). "Tis21 knock-out enhances the frequency of medulloblastoma in patched1 heterozygous mice by inhibiting the cxcl3-dependent migration of cerebellar neurons". The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 32 (44): 15547–15564. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0412-12.2012. PMID 23115191.
4. O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan JG (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 84 (1-2): 39–42. doi:10.1159/000015209. PMID 10343098.