Lymphotoxin alpha

Lymphotoxin alpha
PDB rendering based on 1tnr.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1TNR​, 4MXV​, 4MXW​
Identifiers
Symbols	LTA ; LT; TNFB; TNFSF1
External IDs	OMIM: 153440 MGI: 104797 HomoloGene: 497 ChEMBL: 2059 GeneCards: LTA Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • receptor binding • cytokine activity • tumor necrosis factor receptor binding Cellular component • extracellular space • membrane Biological process • response to hypoxia • positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus • positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin • apoptotic process • humoral immune response • signal transduction • cell-cell signaling • response to nutrient • response to lipopolysaccharide • positive regulation of interferon-gamma production • response to drug • positive regulation of apoptotic process • negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host • negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation • lymph node development • defense response to Gram-positive bacterium • positive regulation of glial cell proliferation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4049	16992
Ensembl	ENSG00000173503	ENSMUSG00000024402
UniProt	P01374	P09225
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000595	NM_010735
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000586	NP_034865
Location (UCSC)	Chr 6: 31.57 – 31.57 Mb	Chr 17: 35.2 – 35.21 Mb
PubMed search

Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) or Tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTA gene.^[1][2]

Function

Lymphotoxin alpha, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes. LTA is highly inducible, secreted, and exists as homotrimeric molecule. LTA forms heterotrimers with lymphotoxin-beta, which anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface. LTA mediates a large variety of inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral responses. LTA is also involved in the formation of secondary lymphoid organs during development and plays a role in apoptosis.^[3]

In LTα knockout mice, all Peyer's patches and lymph nodes will fail to develop indicating LTα's importance in immunological development.^[4]

Interactions

Lymphotoxin alpha has been shown to interact with LTB.^[5][6][7]

See also

• Lymphotoxin

References

1. Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Smith D, Jarrett-Nedwin J, Pennica D, Goeddel DV, Gray PW (Sep 1985). "Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization". Nucleic Acids Research 13 (17): 6361–73. doi:10.1093/nar/13.17.6361. PMC 321958. PMID 2995927.
2. Aggarwal BB, Eessalu TE, Hass PE (February 1986). "Characterization of receptors for human tumour necrosis factor and their regulation by gamma-interferon". Nature 318 (6047): 665–7. doi:10.1038/318665a0. PMID 3001529.
3. "Entrez Gene: LTA lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)".
4. Akirav, Eitan; Liao, Shan; Ruddle, Nancy (2008). "Chapter 2: Lymphoid Tissues and Organs". In Paul, William. Fundamental Immunology (Book) (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 27–55. ISBN 0-7817-6519-6.
5. Williams-Abbott L, Walter BN, Cheung TC, Goh CR, Porter AG, Ware CF (Aug 1997). "The lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha) subunit is essential for the assembly, but not for the receptor specificity, of the membrane-anchored LTalpha1beta2 heterotrimeric ligand". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (31): 19451–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19451. PMID 9235946.
6. Browning JL, Sizing ID, Lawton P, Bourdon PR, Rennert PD, Majeau GR, Ambrose CM, Hession C, Miatkowski K, Griffiths DA, Ngam-ek A, Meier W, Benjamin CD, Hochman PS (Oct 1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology 159 (7): 3288–98. PMID 9317127.
7. Browning JL, Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, Bourdon PR, Ehrenfels BN, Miatkowski K, Zafari M, Yampaglia AM, Lawton P, Meier W (Jan 1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors". Journal of Immunology 154 (1): 33–46. PMID 7995952.

Further reading

• Körner H, Sedgwick JD (Oct 1996). "Tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin: molecular aspects and role in tissue-specific autoimmunity". Immunology and Cell Biology 74 (5): 465–72. doi:10.1038/icb.1996.77. PMID 8912010.
• Wang Q (May 2005). "Molecular genetics of coronary artery disease". Current Opinion in Cardiology 20 (3): 182–8. doi:10.1097/01.hco.0000160373.77190.f1. PMC 1579824. PMID 15861005.
• Copeland KF (Dec 2005). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines". Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 5 (12): 1093–101. doi:10.2174/138955705774933383. PMID 16375755.
• Elewaut D, Ware CF (Apr 2007). "The unconventional role of LT alpha beta in T cell differentiation". Trends in Immunology 28 (4): 169–75. doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.02.005. PMID 17336158.