PNU-99,194

PNU-99,194
Systematic (IUPAC) name
5,6-dimethoxy-N,N-dipropyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-amine
Clinical data
Legal status
  • Uncontrolled
Routes of
administration
Oral
Identifiers
CAS Number 82668-33-5
83598-46-3 (maleate)
153570-58-2 (hydrochloride)
ATC code None
PubChem CID 5626
ChemSpider 5424
ChEMBL CHEMBL16410
Chemical data
Formula C17H27NO2
Molar mass 277.40 g/mol

PNU-99,194(A) (or U-99,194(A)) is a drug which acts as a moderately selective D3 receptor antagonist with ~15-30-fold preference for D3 over the D2 subtype.[1][2][3] Though it has substantially greater preference for D3 over D2, the latter receptor does still play some role in its effects, as evidenced by the fact that PNU-99,194 weakly stimulates both prolactin secretion and striatal dopamine synthesis, actions it does not share with the more selective (100-fold) D3 receptor antagonists S-14,297 and GR-103,691.[4]

In rodent studies, low doses of PNU-99,194 produce conditioned place preference (CPP) with no effect on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), whereas low doses of D3 agonists like 7-OH-DPAT inhibit ICSS behavior and cause conditioned place aversion (CPA).[5][6][7] In contrast, high doses of PNU-99,194 produce CPA and inhibit ICSS, while high doses of 7-OH-DPAT result in the opposite.[5][6][7] Paralleling this, low doses of PNU-99,194 and 7-OH-DPAT induce hyperactivity and hypoactivity, respectively, whereas the inverse is seen at high doses with both agents.[2][3][7][8][9][10] These data indicate that the D3 receptor has biphasic effects on reward mechanisms and locomotor activity, likely due to opposing roles of autoreceptors versus postsynaptic receptors.[8][11]

Other effects of PNU-99,194 at low doses in rodents include increased nociceptive responses,[12] hypothermia,[4][13] anxiolysis,[14] and facilitation of learning and memory,[12][15][16][17] as well as augmentation and inhibition, respectively, of amphetamine-induced reward and behavioral sensitization,[18][19] and reversal of morphine-induced CPP.[6] At high doses it inhibits the self-administration of cocaine in both rats and monkeys.[1][20]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Claytor R, Lile JA, Nader MA (March 2006). "The effects of eticlopride and the selective D3-antagonist PNU 99194-A on food- and cocaine-maintained responding in rhesus monkeys". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 83 (3): 456–64. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.03.007. PMID 16631246.
  2. 1 2 Waters N, Svensson K, Haadsma-Svensson SR, Smith MW, Carlsson A (1993). "The dopamine D3-receptor: a postsynaptic receptor inhibitory on rat locomotor activity". Journal of Neural Transmission. General Section 94 (1): 11–9. doi:10.1007/bf01244979. PMID 8129881.
  3. 1 2 Kling-Petersen T, Ljung E, Svensson K (1995). "Effects on locomotor activity after local application of D3 preferring compounds in discrete areas of the rat brain". Journal of Neural Transmission. General Section 102 (3): 209–20. doi:10.1007/bf01281155. PMID 8788069.
  4. 1 2 Audinot V, Newman-Tancredi A, Gobert A, et al. (October 1998). "A comparative in vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the novel dopamine D3 receptor antagonists (+)-S 14297, nafadotride, GR 103,691 and U 99194". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 287 (1): 187–97. PMID 9765337.
  5. 1 2 Kling-Petersen T, Ljung E, Wollter L, Svensson K (1995). "Effects of dopamine D3 preferring compounds on conditioned place preference and intracranial self-stimulation in the rat". Journal of Neural Transmission. General Section 101 (1-3): 27–39. doi:10.1007/bf01271543. PMID 8695055.
  6. 1 2 3 Francès H, Smirnova M, Leriche L, Sokoloff P (September 2004). "Dopamine D3 receptor ligands modulate the acquisition of morphine-conditioned place preference". Psychopharmacology 175 (2): 127–33. doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1807-9. PMID 15095031.
  7. 1 2 3 Khroyan TV, Baker DA, Neisewander JL (December 1995). "Dose-dependent effects of the D3-preferring agonist 7-OH-DPAT on motor behaviors and place conditioning". Psychopharmacology 122 (4): 351–7. doi:10.1007/BF02246265. PMID 8657832.
  8. 1 2 Millan MJ, Seguin L, Gobert A, Cussac D, Brocco M (July 2004). "The role of dopamine D3 compared with D2 receptors in the control of locomotor activity: a combined behavioural and neurochemical analysis with novel, selective antagonists in rats". Psychopharmacology 174 (3): 341–57. doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1770-x. PMID 14985929.
  9. Gyertyán I, Sághy K (July 2004). "Effects of dopamine D3 receptor antagonists on spontaneous and agonist-reduced motor activity in NMRI mice and Wistar rats: comparative study with nafadotride, U 99194A and SB 277011". Behavioural Pharmacology 15 (4): 253–62. doi:10.1097/01.fbp.0000137857.26150.ab. PMID 15252275.
  10. Rodríguez-Arias M, Felip CM, Broseta I, Miñarro J (May 1999). "The dopamine D3 antagonist U-99194A maleate increases social behaviors of isolation-induced aggressive male mice". Psychopharmacology 144 (1): 90–4. doi:10.1007/s002130050981. PMID 10379629.
  11. Meyer ME (October 1996). "Mesolimbic 7-OH-DPAT affects locomotor activities in rats". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 55 (2): 209–14. doi:10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00066-4. PMID 8951956.
  12. 1 2 Casarrubea M, Sorbera F, Crescimanno G (November 2006). "Effects of 7-OH-DPAT and U 99194 on the behavioral response to hot plate test, in rats". Physiology & Behavior 89 (4): 552–62. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.014. PMID 16919688.
  13. Boulay D, Depoortere R, Rostene W, Perrault G, Sanger DJ (April 1999). "Dopamine D3 receptor agonists produce similar decreases in body temperature and locomotor activity in D3 knock-out and wild-type mice". Neuropharmacology 38 (4): 555–65. doi:10.1016/S0028-3908(98)00213-5. PMID 10221759.
  14. Rogóz Z, Kłodzińska A, Maj J (2000). "Anxiolytic-like effect of nafadotride and PNU 99194A, dopamine D3 receptor antagonists in animal models". Polish Journal of Pharmacology 52 (6): 459–62. PMID 11334239.
  15. Laszy J, Laszlovszky I, Gyertyán I (May 2005). "Dopamine D3 receptor antagonists improve the learning performance in memory-impaired rats". Psychopharmacology 179 (3): 567–75. doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2096-z. PMID 15619116.
  16. Hale MW, Crowe SF (July 2002). "The effects of selective dopamine agonists on a passive avoidance learning task in the day-old chick". Behavioural Pharmacology 13 (4): 295–301. doi:10.1097/00008877-200207000-00006. PMID 12218510.
  17. Hammad H, Wagner JJ (January 2006). "Dopamine-mediated disinhibition in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus via D3 receptor activation". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 316 (1): 113–20. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.091579. PMID 16162819.
  18. Carr KD, Yamamoto N, Omura M, Cabeza de Vaca S, Krahne L (August 2002). "Effects of the D(3) dopamine receptor antagonist, U99194A, on brain stimulation and d-amphetamine reward, motor activity, and c-fos expression in ad libitum fed and food-restricted rats". Psychopharmacology 163 (1): 76–84. doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1132-0. PMID 12185403.
  19. Chiang YC, Chen PC, Chen JC (May 2003). "D(3) dopamine receptors are down-regulated in amphetamine sensitized rats and their putative antagonists modulate the locomotor sensitization to amphetamine". Brain Research 972 (1-2): 159–67. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(03)02522-8. PMID 12711089.
  20. Gál K, Gyertyán I (October 2003). "Targeting the dopamine D3 receptor cannot influence continuous reinforcement cocaine self-administration in rats". Brain Research Bulletin 61 (6): 595–601. doi:10.1016/S0361-9230(03)00217-X. PMID 14519456.

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