Voiceless labial–velar stop

Voiceless labial–velar stop
k͡p
k͜p
IPA number 109 (101)
Encoding
Entity (decimal) k͡p
Unicode (hex) U+006BU+0361U+0070
Sound
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The voiceless labial–velar stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is a [k] and [p] pronounced simultaneously. To make this sound, one can say Coe but with the lips closed as if one were saying Poe; the lips are to be released at the same time as or a fraction of a second after the C of Coe is pronounced. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is k͡p.

The voiceless labial–velar stop is found in Vietnamese and various languages in West and Central Africa. In Yoruba it is written with a simple p.

Features

Features of the voiceless labial–velar stop:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Dangme[1]
Ega[2] [k͡pá] 'build a hedge to enclose a field'
Ibibio[3] [k͡pɐ́] 'to die'
Kalabari[4] àkpà [àk͡pà] 'bag'
Mono[5] kpa [k͡pa] 'flee'
Vietnamese[6] c [luk͡p˧ˀ˥] 'time' Allophone of /k/ after /u/ and /w/. See Vietnamese phonology
Yoruba pápá [k͡pák͡pá] 'field'

Rounded variant

Some languages, especially in Papua New Guinea and in Vanuatu, combine this voiceless labial–velar stop with a labial–velar approximant release, hence [k͡pʷ]. Thus Mwotlap (Banks Islands, north Vanuatu) has [k͡pʷɪlɣɛk] ('my father-in-law').[7]

In the Banks Islands languages which have it, the phoneme /k͡pʷ/ is written q in local orthographies. In other languages of Vanuatu further south (such as South Efate, or Lenakel), the same segment is spelled .

See also

References

Bibliography

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, April 17, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.