Hymn to Liberty
| English: Hymn to Liberty or Hymn to Freedom | |
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Ýmnos is tin Eleftherían Ýmnos pros tin Eleftherían | |
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Dionysios Solomos, the author of the anthem | |
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National anthem of | |
| Lyrics | Dionýsios Solomós, 1823 |
| Music | Nikolaos Mantzaros |
| Adopted |
1865 by Greece[1] 1966 by Cyprus [2] |
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| Music sample | |
| "Hymn to Liberty" (instrumental)  | |
The Hymn to Liberty or Hymn to Freedom[1] (Greek: Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν, Ýmnos is tin Eleftherían pronounced [ˈim.nos is tin elefˈθeri.an], also Greek: Υμνος προς την Ελευθερίαν[3][4][5] Ýmnos pros tin Eleftherían pronounced [ˈim.nos pros tin elefˈθeri.an]) is a poem written by Dionýsios Solomós in 1823 that consists of 158 stanzas, which is used as the national anthem of Greece and Cyprus. It was set to music by Nikolaos Mantzaros, and is the longest national anthem in the world by length of text.[6] In 1865, the first three stanzas (and later the first two) officially became the national anthem of Greece and, from 1966, also that of the Republic of Cyprus.
History
Dionysios Solomos wrote the anthem in 1823 in Zakynthos and one year later was printed in Messolonghi. The hymn was set to music in 1865 by the Corfiot operatic composer Nikolaos Mantzaros, who composed two choral versions, a long one for the whole poem and a short one for the first two stanzas; the latter is the one adopted as the National Anthem of Greece. The Greek anthem was adopted as the anthem of the Republic of Cyprus by order of the Council of Ministers in 1966.[7]
Lyrics
Inspired by the Greek War of Independence, Solomos wrote the hymn to honour the struggle of Greeks for independence after centuries of Ottoman rule.
The poet recounts the misery of the Greeks under the Ottomans and their hope for freedom. He describes different events of the War, such as the execution of Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople, the reaction of the Great Powers, extensively the Siege of Tripolitsa and the Christian character of the struggle.
Greek original
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Romanization of Greek
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English translations
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Uses
An adapted version was used during the short-lived Cretan State as the Cretan Anthem. The Hymn to Liberty has been the Greek Royal Anthem since 1864.
The Constitution of Cyprus (1960) does not proclaim a national anthem. The two communities later agreed, in official circumstances, that a piece of classical music should be played in lieu of the anthem. However, after rejecting the amended Constitution proposed by Makarios in 1963, the Turkish representation broke away from the government of the Republic of Cyprus; there followed a period of intercommunal violence. The Council of Ministers subsequently decided to adopt the Hymn to Liberty as the official anthem of Cyprus on 16 November 1966.[2]
This anthem has been performed at every closing ceremony of the Olympic Games, to pay tribute to Greece as the birthplace of the Olympic Games. The version commonly played by military bands was composed by Lieutenant Colonel Margaritis Kastellis (1907–1979), former director of the Greek Music Corps.[9]
References and notes
- 1 2 "The National Anthem". www.presidency.gr. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
- 1 2 "Presidency of the Republic of Cyprus - The National Anthem". Retrieved 14 February 2011.
- ↑ Ηλίας Κανέλλης (25 September 2010). "Το μνημείο διατίθεται για διαδηλώσεις Η "χρήση" του Αγνωστου Στρατιώτη και... άλλες βέβηλες ιστορίες". Ta Nea.
Ο «Υμνος προς την Ελευθερίαν» του Διονυσίου Σολωμού είναι, πρωτίστως, ένα ποίημα μέσω του οποίου υμνήθηκε το έθνος-κράτος, σε περίοδο που οι εθνικές οντότητες ήταν ταυτόσημες της νεωτερικότητας.
- ↑ Κωστούλα Τομαδάκη (22 November 2010). "Ο εθνικός ύμνος "ελεύθερος" στο Διαδίκτυο". To Pontiki.
Το 1865, μετά την ένωση της Επτανήσου με την Ελλάδα, ο «Ύμνος προς την Ελευθερίαν» καθιερώθηκε ως εθνικός ύμνος της Ελλάδας.
- ↑ Argolikos Archival Library of History and Culture (14 September 2012). "Εφημερίδα της Κυβερνήσεως – Το Ναύπλιον γενέθλιος πόλις της εφημερίδος της Κυβερνήσεως". Αργολική Αρχειακή Βιβλιοθήκη Ιστορίας & Πολιτισμού (Argolikos Archival Library of History and Culture.
Ας σημειωθή χαρακτηριστικώς, ότι η περί ης ο λόγος εφημερίς προέτεινεν εις το φύλλον της 21ης Οκτωβρίου 1825 την καθιέρωσιν ως εθνικού ύμνου του ποιήματος του Δ. Σολωμού «Ύμνος προς την Ελευθερίαν», του οποίου εδημοσίευσεν ανάλυσιν υπό του Σπ. Τρικούπη.
- ↑ "Greece - Hymn to Liberty". NationalAnthems.me. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
- ↑ "National Anthem". Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Last two verses are repeated twice when singing the national anthem.
- ↑ "National Anthem". Hellenic Army Academy. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
External links
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Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
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Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
- Full version of the Hymn at YouTube
- The Greek Presidency - The website for the Presidency of the Hellenic Republic has a page about the National Anthem, including an instrumental file.
- Michał Bzinkowski, Eleuthería ē Thánatos!: The idea of freedom in modern Greek poetry during the war of independence in 19th century. Dionysios Solomos’ “Hymn to Liberty”
- Neugriechische Volksgesänge, Johann Matthias Firmenich
- The Hymn with all 158 stanzas (in Greek)
- The Hymn with all 158 stanzas (in English)
- From the Official Website of the Greek Presidential Guard
- The Greek national Anthem (in Greek)
- The Greek national Anthem (in mp3)
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