Isoetarine

Isoetarine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(RS)-4-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)butyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
MedlinePlus a682862
Identifiers
CAS Number 530-08-5 YesY
ATC code R03AC07 (WHO)
PubChem CID 3762
IUPHAR/BPS 7205
DrugBank DB00221 YesY
ChemSpider 3630 YesY
UNII YV0SN3276Q YesY
KEGG D04625 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL1201213 N
Chemical data
Formula C13H21NO3
Molar mass 239.311 g/mol
Chirality Racemic mixture
 NYesY (what is this?)  (verify)

Isoetarine (INN) or isoetharine (USAN) eye-soe-ETH-a-reen, trade names Bronkosol and Bronkometer, is a selective short-acting[1] β2 adrenoreceptor agonist. It can be called the "granddaughter of adrenalin" in the line of β2 agonists that gave quick relief for bronchospasm and asthma.[2] Epinephrine (adrenalin) was the first of these, and next came isoprenaline (isoproterenol). Isoetharine was the third drug in this line, thus the third generation or granddaughter of the original.

In the western US it was the drug of choice in the late 1970s and early 1980s for nebulization ("breathing treatment") to relieve airway spasm. It generally gave sharp relief of shortness of breath, starting within two to five minutes after the patient began breathing the nebulized mist. This rapid onset is not as clearly present in later drugs.

All of the early β2 agonist catecholamines used for bronchospasm had strong side effects, with increase in heart rate as the most common and most problematic. This came because its "β2 effect" was not quite as selective as might be hoped. β1 receptors appeared to also be stimulated in some patients, causing cardiac and other CNS side effects. With isoetarine this effect tended to be transient and usually went away within a matter of minutes after the end of the treatment. Increase in blood pressure also occurred in a small but significant percentage of cases, but also was almost invariably transient.

By the late 1980s isoetharine was largely replaced in the marketplace by orciprenaline (metaproterenol), which seemed to have slightly less cardiac side effect and lasted a couple of hours longer. Orciprenaline in turn was replaced by salbutamol (albuterol). Some practitioners still believe that these later aerosolized bronchodilators never gave quite as quick of relief from asthmatic shortness of breath as did isoetarine. Thus they see a continued specialty role in treatment of severe shortness of breath that does not improve in the first five minutes of salbutamol treatment.

References

  1. ↑ Seth, S. D.; Seth, Vimlesh (2009). "53. Pharmacotherapy of Bronchial Asthma". Textbook of Pharmacology (3rd revised ed.). New Delhi, India: Elsevier India. p. VII.14. ISBN 8131211584.
  2. ↑ "Isoetarine".

Further reading

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