Solute carrier family

The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 300 members organized into 52 families.[1] Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) and is the basis for the official HGNC names of the genes that encode these transporters. A more general transmembrane transporter classification can be found in TCDB database.

Solutes that are transported by the various SLC group members are extraordinarily diverse and include both charged and uncharged organic molecules as well as inorganic ions and the gas ammonia.

As is typical of integral membrane proteins, SLCs contain a number of hydrophobic transmembrane alpha helices connected to each other by hydrophilic intra- and extra-cellular loops. Depending on the SLC, these transporters are functional as either monomers or obligate homo- or hetero-oligomers.

Scope

By convention of the nomenclature system, members within an individual SLC family have greater than 20-25% sequence homology to each other. In contrast, the homology between SLC families is very low to non-existent.[2] Hence, the criteria for inclusion of a family into the SLC group is not evolutionary relatedness to other SLC families but rather functional (i.e., an integral membrane protein that transports a solute).

The SLC group include examples of transport proteins that are:

The SLC series does not include members of transport protein families that have previously been classified by other widely accepted nomenclature systems including:

Subcellular distribution

Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane, but some members are located in mitochondria (the most notable one being SLC family 25) or other intracellular organelles.

Nomenclature system

Names of individual SLC members have the following format:

where:

For example SLC1A1 is the first isoform of subfamily A of SLC family 1.

An exception occurs with SLC family 21 (the organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters), which for historical reasons have names in the format SLCOnXm where n = family number, X = subfamily letter, and m = member number.

While the HGNC nomenclature system by definition only includes human genes, the nomenclature system has been informally extended to include rodent species through the use of lowercase letters (e.g., Slc1a1 denotes the rodent ortholog of the human SLC1A1 gene).

Families

References

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  2. Hoglund, P. J.; Nordstrom, K. J. V.; Schioth, H. B.; Fredriksson, R. (2010). "The Solute Carrier Families Have a Remarkably Long Evolutionary History with the Majority of the Human Families Present before Divergence of Bilaterian Species". Molecular Biology and Evolution 28 (4): 1531–1541. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq350. PMC 3058773. PMID 21186191.
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  18. Halestrap AP, Meredith D (2004). "The SLC16 gene family-from monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to aromatic amino acid transporters and beyond". Pflugers Arch 447 (5): 619–628. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1067-2. PMID 12739169.
  19. Reimer RJ, Edwards RH (2004). "Organic anion transport is the primary function of the SLC17/type I phosphate transporter family". Pflugers Arch 447 (5): 629–635. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1087-y. PMID 12811560.
  20. Eiden LE, Schafer MK, Weihe E, Schutz B (2004). "The vesicular amine transporter family (SLC18): amine/proton antiporters required for vesicular accumulation and regulated exocytotic secretion of monoamines and acetylcholine". Pflugers Arch 447 (5): 636–640. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1100-5. PMID 12827358.
  21. Ganapathy V, Smith SB, Prasad PD (2004). "SLC19: the folate/thiamine transporter family". Pflugers Arch 447 (5): 641–646. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1068-1. PMID 14770311.
  22. Collins JF, Bai L, Ghishan FK (2004). "The SLC20 family of proteins: dual functions as sodium-phosphate cotransporters and viral receptors". Pflugers Arch 447 (5): 641–646. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1088-x. PMID 12759754.
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SLC Tables. http://slc.bioparadigms.org

External links

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