GPR39

G protein-coupled receptor 39

Identifiers

GPR39 ; MGC149541

External IDs

OMIM: 602886 MGI: 1918361 HomoloGene: 20380 IUPHAR: 105 GeneCards: GPR39 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• G-protein coupled receptor activity • metal ion binding
Cellular component	• plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane
Biological process	• diet induced thermogenesis • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • adult feeding behavior • regulation of lipid metabolic process • gastric emptying • positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus • regulation of membrane potential • glucose homeostasis • cholesterol homeostasis • positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol • negative regulation of gastric acid secretion • cellular response to zinc ion
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 2:
132.42 – 132.65 Mb

Chr 1:
125.68 – 125.87 Mb

PubMed search

G-protein coupled receptor 39 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR39 gene.^[1]^[2]

References

↑ McKee KK, Tan CP, Palyha OC, Liu J, Feighner SD, Hreniuk DL, Smith RG, Howard AD, Van der Ploeg LH (Mar 1998). "Cloning and characterization of two human G protein-coupled receptor genes (GPR38 and GPR39) related to the growth hormone secretagogue and neurotensin receptors". Genomics 46 (3): 426–34. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5069. PMID 9441746.
↑ "Entrez Gene: GPR39 G protein-coupled receptor 39".

Popovics P, Stewart AJ (2011). "GPR39: A Zn2+-activated G protein-coupled receptor that regulates pancreatic, gastrointestinal and neuronal functions.". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68 (1): 85–95. doi:10.1007/s00018-010-0517-1. PMID 20812023.
Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery.". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Holst B, Holliday ND, Bach A, et al. (2005). "Common structural basis for constitutive activity of the ghrelin receptor family". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (51): 53806–17. doi:10.1074/jbc.M407676200. PMID 15383539.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, et al. (2005). "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4". Nature 434 (7034): 724–31. doi:10.1038/nature03466. PMID 15815621.
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: Large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
Holst B, Egerod KL, Schild E, et al. (2007). "GPR39 signaling is stimulated by zinc ions but not by obestatin". Endocrinology 148 (1): 13–20. doi:10.1210/en.2006-0933. PMID 16959833.
Lauwers E, Landuyt B, Arckens L, et al. (2006). "Obestatin does not activate orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351 (1): 21–5. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.141. PMID 17054911.
Egerod KL, Holst B, Petersen PS, et al. (2007). "GPR39 splice variants versus antisense gene LYPD1: expression and regulation in gastrointestinal tract, endocrine pancreas, liver, and white adipose tissue". Mol. Endocrinol. 21 (7): 1685–98. doi:10.1210/me.2007-0055. PMID 17488974.
Yasuda S, Miyazaki T, Munechika K, et al. (2007). "Isolation of Zn2+ as an endogenous agonist of GPR39 from fetal bovine serum". J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 27 (4): 235–46. doi:10.1080/10799890701506147. PMID 17885920.

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Adhesion	ADGRG (1 2 3 4 5 6 7)

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F: Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

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GPR39

References

Further reading