TAS2R14

Taste receptor, type 2, member 14

Identifiers

TAS2R14 ; T2R14; TRB1

External IDs

OMIM: 604790 MGI: 2681298 HomoloGene: 87013 IUPHAR: 668 GeneCards: TAS2R14 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• taste receptor activity • bitter taste receptor activity
Cellular component	• plasma membrane • integral component of membrane
Biological process	• detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 12:
10.94 – 11.17 Mb

Chr 6:
133.05 – 133.06 Mb

PubMed search

Taste receptor type 2 member 14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R14 gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Function

This gene product belongs to the family of candidate taste receptors that are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. These proteins are specifically expressed in the taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. They are organized in the genome in clusters and are genetically linked to loci that influence bitter perception in mice and humans. In functional expression studies, TAS2R14 responds to (−)-α-thujone, the primary neurotoxic agent in absinthe, and picrotoxin, a poison found in fishberries.^[4] This gene maps to the taste receptor gene cluster on chromosome 12p13.^[3]

TAS2R14 is also expressed in the smooth muscle of human airways, along with several other bitter taste receptors. Their activation in these cells causes an increase in intracellular calcium ion, which in turn triggers the opening of potassium channels which hyperpolarize the membrane and cause the smooth muscle to relax. Hence, activation of these receptors leads to bronchodilation.^[5]

References

↑ Adler E, Hoon MA, Mueller KL, Chandrashekar J, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS (Apr 2000). "A novel family of mammalian taste receptors". Cell 100 (6): 693–702. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80705-9. PMID 10761934.
↑ Matsunami H, Montmayeur JP, Buck LB (Apr 2000). "A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse". Nature 404 (6778): 601–4. doi:10.1038/35007072. PMID 10766242.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: TAS2R14 taste receptor, type 2, member 14".
↑ Behrens M, Brockhoff A, Kuhn C, Bufe B, Winnig M, Meyerhof W (June 2004). "The human taste receptor hTAS2R14 responds to a variety of different bitter compounds". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319 (2): 479–85. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.019. PMID 15178431.
↑ Deshpande DA, Wang WC, McIlmoyle EL, Robinett KS, Schillinger RM, An SS, Sham JS, Liggett SB (November 2010). "Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction". Nat. Med. 16 (11): 1299–304. doi:10.1038/nm.2237. PMC 3066567. PMID 20972434.

Kinnamon SC (2000). "A plethora of taste receptors". Neuron 25 (3): 507–10. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81054-5. PMID 10774719.
Margolskee RF (2002). "Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.R100054200. PMID 11696554.
Montmayeur JP, Matsunami H (2002). "Receptors for bitter and sweet taste". Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12 (4): 366–71. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00345-8. PMID 12139982.
Chandrashekar J, Mueller KL, Hoon MA, Adler E, Feng L, Guo W, Zuker CS, Ryba NJ (2000). "T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors". Cell 100 (6): 703–11. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80706-0. PMID 10761935.
Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, Mueller KL, Cook B, Wu D, Zuker CS, Ryba NJ (2003). "Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways". Cell 112 (3): 293–301. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0. PMID 12581520.
Fischer A, Gilad Y, Man O, Pääbo S (2005). "Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes". Mol. Biol. Evol. 22 (3): 432–6. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi027. PMID 15496549.
Go Y, Satta Y, Takenaka O, Takahata N (2006). "Lineage-Specific Loss of Function of Bitter Taste Receptor Genes in Humans and Nonhuman Primates". Genetics 170 (1): 313–26. doi:10.1534/genetics.104.037523. PMC 1449719. PMID 15744053.
Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD (2006). "Human Plasma N-Glycoproteome Analysis by Immunoaffinity Subtraction, Hydrazide Chemistry, and Mass Spectrometry". J. Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070–80. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMC 1850943. PMID 16335952.
Behrens M, Bartelt J, Reichling C, Winnig M, Kuhn C, Meyerhof W (2006). "Members of RTP and REEP gene families influence functional bitter taste receptor expression". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (29): 20650–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M513637200. PMID 16720576.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Adhesion	ADGRG (1 2 3 4 5 6 7)

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F: Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

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TAS2R14

Function

See also

References

Further reading